[CUDA] refactor fatbinary to use --image3

[bratpiorka]

Summary

This change updates clang-linker-wrapper to invoke NVIDIA fatbinary using the --image3=... image specification format (kind + SM + file) instead of the legacy --image=profile=... format, which is no longer supported in CUDA Toolkit version 13 and later.
Since newer CUDA toolkits have removed the legacy --image option, clang-linker-wrapper must use --image3 to maintain compatibility.

Changes

• Refactored NVPTX fatbin construction to generate fatbinary arguments in the following form:

--image3=kind=ptx,sm=<N>,file=<ptx>
--image3=kind=elf,sm=<N>,file=<cubin>

• Updated the fatbinary helper to consume OffloadingImage objects directly.
• Adjusted driver tests to accept both legacy and --image3 formats where applicable.

[bratpiorka]

@dpcpp-tools-reviewers @intel/dpcpp-clang-driver-reviewers the failures on Intel Arc in CI are unrelated, as the changes affect only CUDA code