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murata2makoto merged 1 commit into from
Dec 23, 2025
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Drop foreign phrase #75

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54 changes: 14 additions & 40 deletions index.html
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Expand Up @@ -270,13 +270,21 @@ <h3>Interlinear notes, background</h3>
</section>

<section>
<h3>Ruby annotations for indicating the pronunciation of foreign phrases in language textbooks, background</h3>
<h3>Others</h3>
<p>
In language textbooks, ruby annotations are at times
employed to indicate the pronunciation of foreign phrases
written in hiragana or katakana. For example, a Chinese
phrase <span lang="zh-hans">我去学校</span> may include
<span lang="ja">ウオ チュー シュエシャオ</span> as a ruby annotation.
Ruby annotations can be used for purposes other than
indicating the reading of CJK ideographic text. For example,
they may be applied to foreign-language text written in
non-native scripts, chemical formulas, mathematical
expressions, or other specialized notations, in order to
convey pronunciation or supplementary information.</p>

<p>
However, such uses of ruby annotations fall outside the
scope of this note. This document focuses exclusively on
ruby annotations associated with CJK ideographic text, where
language-dependent reading behavior and accessibility
considerations raise specific and non-trivial issues.
</p>
</section>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -407,19 +415,6 @@ <h4 id="interlinear_note_both_read_aloud">Interlinear notes, when both read alou
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Ruby annotations for indicating the pronunciation of foreign phrases in language books, when both read aloud</h4>
<p>
The option of reading aloud both interferes with readers' understanding significantly.
</p>
<p>
In the example of <span lang="zh-hans">我去学校</span>,
even if <span lang="ja">ウオ チュー シュエシャオ</span> is read aloud using the Japanese text-to-speech engine,
the result will not be helpful to learners because of the incorrect pronunciation and four tones.
Katakana pronunciation is also useless in languages such as English.
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Double-sided ruby, when both read aloud</h4>
<p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -595,18 +590,6 @@ <h4 id="interlinear_note_annotation_read_aloud">Interlinear notes, when ruby ann
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Ruby annotations for indicating the pronunciation of foreign phrases in language books, when ruby annotations read aloud</h4>
<p>
The option of reading aloud ruby annotations only interferes with readers' understanding significantly.
</p>
<p>
In the example of <span lang="zh-hans">我去学校</span> (<span lang="ja">ウオ チュー シュエシャオ</span>),
even if <span lang="ja">ウオ チュー シュエシャオ</span> is read out in the Japanese style,
it will not be helpful to learners because of the inaccurate pronunciation and the four tones (tones).
Katakana pronunciation is also useless in languages such as English.
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Double-sided ruby, when ruby annotations read aloud</h4>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -693,15 +676,6 @@ <h4 id="interlinear_note_base_read_aloud">Interlinear notes, when bases read alo
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Ruby annotations for indicating the pronunciation of foreign phrases in language books, when bases read aloud</h4>
<p>
The option of reading ruby bases only is most appropriate when natural languages are correctly identified
and ruby bases are read aloud by a text-to-speech engine for that language.
On the other hand, if the natural language cannot be identified or the text-to-speech engine for that language is not available,
the result is not understandable.
</p>
</section>

<section>
<h4>Double-sided ruby, when bases read aloud</h4>
Expand Down