UBIWEAR: An end-to-end, data-driven framework for intelligent physical activity prediction to empower mHealth interventions

This is the GitHub repository for the paper entitled "UBIWEAR: An end-to-end, data-driven framework for intelligent physical activity prediction to empower mHealth interventions" published in IEEE HealthCom 2022.

🚀 One of our major contributions is the UBIWEAR Python library.

Project setup

Create virtual environment

$ python3 -m venv venv
$ source venv/bin/activate

Upgrade pip

$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Install dependencies

$ pip install -r requirements.txt

Setting up the MongoDB

For the sake of simplicity this repository contains a docker-compose.yml file that provides easy setup of a required MongoDB database in order to download and store the data from the "MyHeart Counts" study.

It also builds and spins up a python container that can be used to run all the data processing and ML/DL modeling, assuring consistency in results.

In case you want the data ready to be imported in a database and to be used for data pre-processing and model building, and skip the step of downloading, request them from contributors of this GitHub repository. Then follow the instructions of how to import the data.

Spin up the database

The following command sets up a default database named deep_physical_activity_prediction.

$ docker-compose up -d mongodb

Import data

• Make a directory /dump/ inside with docker exec -it --user root mongodb mkdir /dump/
• Copy inside the container both dumped binary files (bson.gz and metadata.json.gz) which are stored in a directory for example: deep_physical_activity_prediction_db/ with docker cp deep_physical_activity_prediction_db/ mongodb:/dump/
• Go inside container docker exec -it --user root mongodb bash
• Restore it with $ mongorestore --gzip /dump/

Export data

• Exec inside container as root docker exec -it --user root mongodb bash

• Create directory with $ mkdir /dump/

• Dump the desired collection (example: healthkit_stepscount_singles) with compressed mode to reduce the size $ mongodump --gzip --db=deep_physical_activity_prediction_db --collection=healthkit_stepscount_singles

• Exit container with $ exit

• Copy from inside the container the binary files to your computer's desired path.

  $ cd DESIRED/PATH/
  $ docker cp mongodb:/dump/deep_physical_activity_prediction_db/ .
  

Setup a backup MongoDB

Spin up a new database with the following docker-compose.yml file. Note that the exposed port is different to void conflicts in case a MongoDB already runs in port 27017.

version: '3.1'

services:

  mongodb:
    image: bitnami/mongodb
    container_name: mongodb-backup
    environment:
        MONGODB_DATABASE: deep_physical_activity_prediction_db
        ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD: "yes"
    volumes: 
        - 'mongodb_data_backup:/bitnami/mongodb'
    ports:
      - 27018:27017

volumes: 
    mongodb_data_backup:

Then you can import the data in the same way as described above. Rememeber to use the new name of container which is mongodb-backup.

Reproducibility

Download the data from Synapse and import files to the database

Setup your Synapse credentials in the .env file: SYNAPSE_USER, SYNAPSE_PASSWORD.

Setup the Mongo DB connection in the .env file: MONGODB_HOST, MONGODB_PORT.

Setup PYTHONPATH to include src/:

$ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$(pwd)

Then download the Healthkit data table

$ cd src/data/
$ python download.py 

This downloads and stores in database in two different collections:

1. the original table from the Healthkit data table.
2. the embedded files associated with each record of the above table.

However, in order to use these data easily they need to be merged. To do this

$ python importer.py

This merges the embedded data for each user and stores them in a clean healthkit_stepscount_singles collection. This is the main collection and source of data of the project, that all data pre-processing and ML/DL model building is based upon.

Create the datasets

To create the datasets for both daily and hourly granularity and from 1 to 6 days before as lags:

$ cd src/experiments/
$ python create_datasets.py

Or request from the contributors of this project to provide you the final and pre-processed dataset in a DataFrame pickle format and place it under: data/datasets/hourly/df-3x24-just-steps.pkl

Run the Machine Learning models

Run the pre-trained models

In src/model/ml/models/ there are the pre-trained and hyperparam-tuned models:

• Ridge
• Decision Tree
• Histogram-based Gradient Boosting

$ cd src/model/ml/
$ python evaluate.py --pretrained-model models/[ridge.pkl | tree.pkl | gb.pkl]

From scratch training and tuning

$ cd src/experiments/
$ python ml_modeling.py

Run the Deep Learning models

Run the pre-trained models

In src/model/dl/models/ there are the pre-trained models:

• Multi-layer Perceptron
• 1D Convolutional Neural Network
• Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM)

$ cd src/model/dl/
$ python evaluate.py --model [MLP | CNN | RNN] --cpkt_path models/{PATH_TO_PRETRAINED_MODEL}

From scratch training

$ cd src/model/dl/

• Train the MLP architecture: $ python mlp.py
• Train the CNN architecture: $ python cnn.py
• Train the RNN (LSTM) architecture: $ python lstm.py