Dr.TVAM

ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia), December 2024.
Baptiste Nicolet · Felix Wechsler · Jorge Madrid-Wolff · Christophe Moser · Wenzel Jakob

Abstract

Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing (TVAM) is an emerging 3D printing technology that can create complex objects in under a minute. The key idea is to project intense light patterns onto a rotating vial of photo-sensitive resin, causing polymerization where the cumulative dose of these patterns reaches the polymerization threshold. We formulate the pattern calculation as an inverse light transport problem and solve it via physically based differentiable rendering. In doing so, we address long-standing limitations of prior work by accurately modeling and correcting for scattering in composite resins, printing in non-symmetric vials, and supporting unusual printing geometries. We also introduce an improved discretization scheme that exploits the ray tracing operation to mitigate resolution-related artifacts in prints. We demonstrate the benefits of our method in real-world experiments, where our computed patterns produce prints with an improved fidelity.

About this project

Dr.TVAM is a high-performance inverse rendering framework for tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing. It is based on the Mitsuba renderer, and uses physically-based differentiable rendering to optimize patterns for TVAM. In particular, it supports:

• Printing in scattering media.
• Printing with arbitrary container geometry (round, square, ...), or occluding objects (e.g. overprinting), with correct handling of the light transport.
• Printing with a variety of projection models, and an arbitrary container motion.
• Optimizing patterns for TVAM with our surface-aware discretization.

For more details we refer to this publication.

Overprinting

We have recently extended this project to describe also a variety of overprinting scenarios. See Overprinting with Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing.

⚠️ Sign up for online workshop in late summer 2025

• The date is not announced yet, but sign up for the announcement: here

Installation

Installing Dr.TVAM can be done via pip:

pip install drtvam

or the current development version

pip install git+https://github.com/rgl-epfl/drtvam

Basic Usage

We provide a convenience command-line tool drtvam to run simple optimizations. You can run it as:

drtvam path/to/config.json

Please refer to the documentation for details on the configuration file format. Dr.TVAM will run multi-threaded on your machine but will also use your CUDA GPU and your RT cores if supported by your hardware.

Advanced Usage

Dr.TVAM provides a set of useful abstractions to implement a wide variety of custom TVAM setups. We show examples in the documentation to get you started.

Documentation

The full documentation for this project, along with jupyter notebooks explaining the basics of implementing your own optimizations in our framework, can be found on readthedocs.

Benchmarks

We have done some simple benchmarks:

• RTX3060 12GB (2020): Entry-level consumer hardware GPU
• L40S 48GB (2022): Professional graphics card used primarily in server clusters

Test Subjects

• Dr. TVAM: Tested on RTX3060 12GB and L40S 48GB.
• Benchy boat as target:
  • Size: 10mm
  • Pixel size: 25µm
  • Resolution on DMD: 400x400 pixels
  • Angles: 400
  • 40 iterations with gradient-based L-BFGS optimizer

Computation Performance

Configuration	Rays per Pixel	Time (RTX3060)	Time (L40S)
Julia Radon based	1	0h 3m 17s
Dr. TVAM index-matched	1	0h 2m 2s	0h 0m 20s
Dr. TVAM cylindrical	1	0h 2m 10s	0h 0m 23s
Dr. TVAM square	1	0h 2m 15s	0h 0m 20s
Dr. TVAM cylindrical scattering	16	1h 40m 0s	0h 14m 10s
Dr. TVAM square scattering	16	1h 40m 0s	0h 14m 20s
Dr. TVAM square scattering (surface-aware loss, disable black pixels)	16	0h 25m 0s	0h 3m 45s

Teaser video

Can be found on YouTube:

Issues or support needed

In case you run into issues or you do need support, do not hesitate to open an issue such that we can help you using Dr. TVAM! As an academic user, this is completely free to use. Please reach out to us in case you need support!

License

This project is provided under a non-commercial license. Please refer to the LICENSE file for details.

Citation

When using this project in academic works, please cite the following paper:

@article{nicolet2024inverse,
    author = {Nicolet, Baptiste and Wechsler, Felix and Madrid-Wolff, Jorge and Moser, Christophe and Jakob, Wenzel},
    title = {Inverse Rendering for Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing},
    journal = {Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia)},
    volume = {43},
    number={6},
    year = {2024},
    month = {12},
    doi = {10.1145/3687924}
}


@misc{wechsler_2025_overprinting_TVAM,
      title={Overprinting with Tomographic Volumetric Additive Manufacturing}, 
      author={Felix Wechsler and Viola Sgarminato and Riccardo Rizzo and Baptiste Nicolet and Wenzel Jakob and Christophe Moser},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2507.13842},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={physics.optics},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13842}, 
}

Release

See the release notes to keep up with the changes.