[CORE-8187] PoC: Propagate an error message into topic_result

[BenPope]

This is a very quick PoC to see how hard it might be to propagate a custom error message.

Prior to this commit:

rpk topic create foo9 --profile=local
TOPIC  STATUS
foo9   INVALID_CONFIG: Configuration is invalid

After this commit:

rpk topic create foo9 -c redpanda.remote.read=true --profile=local
TOPIC  STATUS
foo9   INVALID_CONFIG: An enterprise license is required to enable {tiered storage}.

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v24.2.x
• v24.1.x
• v23.3.x

Release Notes

• none