feat: constant fold common builtin call expressions

[BobTheBuidler]

This PR implements constant folding for builtin callables where possible.

If all args are constant foldable and the callable is one of the builtin callables below, mypy can, in most cases, fold the result.

The supported builtins are:

foldable_builtins = {
    "builtins.str": str,
    "builtins.int": int,
    "builtins.bool": bool,
    "builtins.float": float,
    "builtins.complex": complex,
    "builtins.repr": repr,
    "builtins.len": len,
    "builtins.hasattr": hasattr,
    "builtins.hex": hex,
    "builtins.min": min,
    "builtins.max": max,
    "builtins.oct": oct,
    "builtins.pow": pow,
    "builtins.round": round,
    "builtins.abs": abs,
    "builtins.ascii": ascii,
    "builtins.bin": bin,
    "builtins.chr": chr,
}

While this PR does not build off of #19885, it does need to come afterward because it contains a refactoring that moves around the code introduced in 19885.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

AutoSplit (https://github.com/Toufool/AutoSplit)
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/bin/mypy", line 7, in <module>
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/bin/mypy", line 7, in <module>
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/__main__.py", line 15, in console_entry
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/__main__.py", line 15, in console_entry
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/main.py", line 127, in main
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/main.py", line 127, in main
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/main.py", line 211, in run_build
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/main.py", line 211, in run_build
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 196, in build
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 196, in build
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 272, in _build
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 272, in _build
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 2946, in dispatch
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 2946, in dispatch
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 3346, in process_graph
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 3346, in process_graph
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 3475, in process_stale_scc
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 3475, in process_stale_scc
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 2493, in write_cache
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/build.py", line 2493, in write_cache
-   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_old/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/cache.py", line 28, in __init__
+   File "/tmp/mypy_primer/mypy_new/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/mypy/cache.py", line 28, in __init__