src: improve error handling in cares_wrap

[jasnell]

Improve error handling in cares_wrap by replacing ToLocalChecked() and Check() calls.
Reduce some code duplication using macros

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/net

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/66373/ 💛

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 33.94309% with 325 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.19%. Comparing base (25842c5) to head (d1771d9).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/cares_wrap.cc	34.08%	246 Missing and 77 partials ⚠️
src/cares_wrap.h	0.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #57937      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.26%   90.19%   -2.07%     
==========================================
  Files         325      630     +305     
  Lines      126673   186174   +59501     
  Branches    20783    36562   +15779     
==========================================
+ Hits       116869   167923   +51054     
- Misses       9576    11066    +1490     
- Partials      228     7185    +6957     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/cares_wrap.h	78.97% <0.00%> (ø)
src/cares_wrap.cc	54.38% <34.08%> (ø)

... and 410 files with indirect coverage changes

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