quiz_data_processing.ipynb

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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Import general packages\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import io\n",
    "import json\n",
    "\n",
    "# Set environment variable to authenticate GCP credentials\n",
    "!export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS='quiz-generate.json'\n",
    "\n",
    "LOCATION = \"us-central1\"\n",
    "PROJECT = 'exam-practice-404408'\n",
    "BUCKET = 'exam-banks'\n",
    "MODEL = \"gemini-1.5-flash-001\""
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 1
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:35.917029Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:35.618413Z"
    }
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Imports the Google Cloud client library\n",
    "from google.cloud import storage\n",
    "\n",
    "def gcs_read(bucket_name, blob_name, j_load=False):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Read a blob from GCS using file-like IO.\n",
    "    Default use readlines() for text file.\n",
    "    Change `j_load` to True if json.load() is used for reading clean JSON file.\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    storage_client = storage.Client()\n",
    "    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)\n",
    "    blob = bucket.blob(blob_name)\n",
    "    with blob.open(\"r\") as file:\n",
    "        if j_load:\n",
    "            return json.load(file)\n",
    "        return file.readlines()\n",
    "    \n",
    "def gcs_write(bucket_name, blob_name, content):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Write a blob from GCS using file-like IO\"\"\"\n",
    "    storage_client = storage.Client()\n",
    "    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)\n",
    "    blob = bucket.blob(blob_name)\n",
    "    with blob.open(\"w\") as file:\n",
    "        file.write(content)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 2
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Import Vertex AI packages\n",
    "import vertexai\n",
    "from vertexai.generative_models import GenerativeModel\n",
    "import vertexai.preview.generative_models as generative_models\n",
    "\n",
    "def generate(p_text, g_config, s_settings):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Yield text with generator which receive prompt text, generation config and safety settings as arguments\"\"\"\n",
    "    vertexai.init(project=PROJECT, location=LOCATION)\n",
    "    model = GenerativeModel(\n",
    "        MODEL,\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    responses = model.generate_content(\n",
    "        [p_text],\n",
    "        generation_config=g_config,\n",
    "        safety_settings=s_settings,\n",
    "        stream=True,\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    for response in responses:\n",
    "        yield response.text"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 3
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
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   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "prompt = \"\"\"Generate quiz with these requirements:\n",
    "- Total questions: 50.\n",
    "- Topic: AWS.\n",
    "- Difficulty: Hard.\n",
    "- Types: true/false, single correct answer, multiple correct answers.\n",
    "- Indent questions with number.\n",
    "- Indent choices and true/false with upper letter.\n",
    "- If more than 2 correct answers questions, remind  \\\"(select [exact number] apply)\\\" before choice A.\n",
    "- In each question, total correct answers is less than total choices.\n",
    "- Choices consist multiple technically complicated steps.\n",
    "- Show correct choices at the end of each question.\n",
    "- No markdown, plain text.\n",
    "- Group by type.\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "generation_config = {\n",
    "    \"max_output_tokens\": 8192,\n",
    "    \"temperature\": 1,\n",
    "    \"top_p\": 0.95,\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "safety_settings = {\n",
    "    generative_models.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH: generative_models.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE,\n",
    "    generative_models.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS_CONTENT: generative_models.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE,\n",
    "    generative_models.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT: generative_models.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE,\n",
    "    generative_models.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT: generative_models.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE,\n",
    "}"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 4
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:37.985890Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:37.982260Z"
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   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Assign generator to a variable\n",
    "generator = generate(prompt, generation_config, safety_settings)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 5
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.118616Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:37.993160Z"
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   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Use string comprehension to gather text from generator\n",
    "generate_text = ''.join(response for response in generator)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 6
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.125120Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.120676Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Use print() for generate_text for better preview because generated_text is whole string, not list of lines\n",
    "print(generate_text)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "## True/False\n",
      "\n",
      "1. A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "2. Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed from the internet without any configuration.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "3. AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by HTTP requests.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "4. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made to AWS services.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "5. AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create new resources, not update or delete existing ones.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "6. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and relational data models.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "7. AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales your application based on traffic patterns.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "8. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated private connection to the AWS cloud.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "9. AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within your AWS account.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "10. AWS Organizations allows you to manage multiple AWS accounts under a single umbrella.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "## Single Correct Answer\n",
      "\n",
      "11. Which AWS service is primarily used for managing and deploying containerized applications?\n",
      "    A. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    B. Amazon ECS\n",
      "    C. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "12. What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?\n",
      "    A. Providing object storage\n",
      "    B. Managing virtual private networks\n",
      "    C. Providing DNS services\n",
      "    D. Running containerized applications\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "13. Which AWS service is used for managing and monitoring your AWS resources?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "14. Which AWS service is used for deploying and managing serverless applications?\n",
      "    A. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    B. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\n",
      "    D. Amazon ECS\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "15. Which AWS service provides a managed database service for NoSQL workloads?\n",
      "    A. Amazon RDS\n",
      "    B. Amazon DynamoDB\n",
      "    C. Amazon Redshift\n",
      "    D. Amazon Aurora\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "16. Which AWS service is primarily used for securing access to your AWS resources?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    B. AWS IAM\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "17. Which AWS service allows you to create and manage virtual private networks?\n",
      "    A. AWS VPC\n",
      "    B. Amazon Route 53\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "18. Which AWS service is primarily used for automating deployments and managing infrastructure?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "19. Which AWS service provides a managed service for running and scaling web applications?\n",
      "    A. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    B. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "20. Which AWS service is primarily used for collecting and analyzing log data from your applications?\n",
      "    A. Amazon S3\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon CloudFront\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "## Multiple Correct Answers\n",
      "\n",
      "21. Which of the following are valid methods for deploying an AWS Lambda function? (Select 2 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using the AWS Management Console\n",
      "    B. Using the AWS CLI\n",
      "    C. Using the AWS SDK\n",
      "    D. Using Terraform\n",
      "    **Correct: A, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "22. Which of the following are benefits of using AWS Lambda? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Serverless architecture\n",
      "    B. Pay-per-use pricing\n",
      "    C. Automatic scaling\n",
      "    D. High availability\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "23. Which of the following are components of an AWS VPC? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Subnets\n",
      "    B. Route tables\n",
      "    C. Security groups\n",
      "    D. Load balancers\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "24. Which of the following are valid ways to configure access to an Amazon S3 bucket? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using IAM policies\n",
      "    B. Using bucket policies\n",
      "    C. Using access control lists (ACLs)\n",
      "    D. Using CloudFront distributions\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "25. Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS resources using AWS CloudWatch? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Creating custom metrics\n",
      "    B. Using predefined metrics\n",
      "    C. Setting up alarms\n",
      "    D. Analyzing log data\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "26. Which of the following are valid methods for deploying an AWS CloudFormation stack? (Select 2 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using the AWS Management Console\n",
      "    B. Using the AWS CLI\n",
      "    C. Using the AWS SDK\n",
      "    D. Using Terraform\n",
      "    **Correct: A, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "27. Which of the following are benefits of using AWS Elastic Beanstalk? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Simplified deployment process\n",
      "    B. Automatic scaling\n",
      "    C. Built-in monitoring and logging\n",
      "    D. High availability\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, D**\n",
      "\n",
      "28. Which of the following are ways to access resources in a private subnet within an AWS VPC? (Select 2 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using a NAT gateway\n",
      "    B. Using a VPN connection\n",
      "    C. Using a direct connection\n",
      "    D. Using a public subnet\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B**\n",
      "\n",
      "29. Which of the following are valid ways to manage AWS resources across multiple accounts? (Select 2 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using AWS Organizations\n",
      "    B. Using AWS IAM\n",
      "    C. Using AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    D. Using AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B**\n",
      "\n",
      "30. Which of the following are ways to secure an AWS Lambda function? (Select 3 apply)\n",
      "    A. Using IAM roles\n",
      "    B. Using VPC endpoints\n",
      "    C. Using Lambda layers\n",
      "    D. Using Lambda triggers\n",
      "    **Correct: A, B, C**\n",
      "\n",
      "## True/False\n",
      "\n",
      "31. AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by events from other AWS services, such as S3 bucket events.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "32. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made to AWS services, not user activity within AWS services.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "33. AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, update, and delete AWS resources, including those in other accounts.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "34. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key-value data models.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "35. AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale your application based on traffic patterns and resource usage.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "36. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated private connection to the AWS cloud, bypassing the public internet.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "37. AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other AWS accounts by using cross-account permissions.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "38. AWS Organizations allows you to manage multiple AWS accounts under a single umbrella, enforcing policies and controlling access.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "39. Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with different access control policies for different users and groups.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "40. AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permissions to access AWS resources, preventing unauthorized access.\n",
      "    A. True\n",
      "    B. False\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "## Single Correct Answer\n",
      "\n",
      "41. Which AWS service is primarily used for managing and deploying serverless applications, including those written in Python, Node.js, and Java?\n",
      "    A. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    B. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\n",
      "    D. Amazon ECS\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "42. What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?\n",
      "    A. Providing object storage\n",
      "    B. Managing virtual private networks\n",
      "    C. Providing real-time data processing\n",
      "    D. Running containerized applications\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "43. Which AWS service is used for managing and monitoring your AWS resources, including setting up alarms and creating dashboards?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "44. Which AWS service is used for deploying and managing serverless applications, including those written in Go, PHP, and Ruby?\n",
      "    A. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    B. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\n",
      "    D. Amazon ECS\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "45. Which AWS service provides a managed database service for NoSQL workloads, with high availability and scalability?\n",
      "    A. Amazon RDS\n",
      "    B. Amazon DynamoDB\n",
      "    C. Amazon Redshift\n",
      "    D. Amazon Aurora\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "46. Which AWS service is primarily used for securing access to your AWS resources, including creating and managing user accounts and permissions?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    B. AWS IAM\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: B**\n",
      "\n",
      "47. Which AWS service allows you to create and manage virtual private networks, including subnets, security groups, and route tables?\n",
      "    A. AWS VPC\n",
      "    B. Amazon Route 53\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "48. Which AWS service is primarily used for automating deployments and managing infrastructure, using infrastructure as code principles?\n",
      "    A. AWS CloudFormation\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    **Correct: A**\n",
      "\n",
      "49. Which AWS service provides a managed service for running and scaling web applications, including support for multiple languages and frameworks?\n",
      "    A. AWS Lambda\n",
      "    B. Amazon EC2\n",
      "    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\n",
      "    D. Amazon S3\n",
      "    **Correct: C**\n",
      "\n",
      "50. Which AWS service is primarily used for collecting and analyzing log data from your applications, including metrics, events, and traces?\n",
      "    A. Amazon S3\n",
      "    B. AWS CloudTrail\n",
      "    C. AWS CloudWatch\n",
      "    D. Amazon CloudFront\n",
      "    **Correct: C** \n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 7
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.133877Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.126981Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Read generated text as lines\n",
    "buf = io.StringIO(prompt)\n",
    "lines = buf.readlines()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Extract topic\n",
    "topic_line = [line for line in lines if '- Topic: ' in line][0]\n",
    "topic = topic_line[9:].rstrip('\\n.')\n",
    "topic = re.sub(' ', '_', topic.lower())\n",
    "print('Topic:', topic)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Extract difficulty\n",
    "difficulty_line = [line for line in lines if '- Difficulty: ' in line][0]\n",
    "difficulty = difficulty_line[14:].rstrip('\\n.').lower()\n",
    "print('Difficulty:', difficulty)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Extract size\n",
    "size_line = [line for line in lines if '- Total questions: ' in line][0]\n",
    "size = size_line[19:].rstrip('\\n.')\n",
    "print('Size:', size)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Combine topic, difficulty and size into .txt file name\n",
    "file_name = f'{topic}_{difficulty}_{size}.txt'\n",
    "print('File name:', file_name)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Topic: aws\n",
      "Difficulty: hard\n",
      "Size: 50\n",
      "File name: aws_hard_50.txt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 8
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:01.753783Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:45:59.135840Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Assign file_name to a constant using for writing to GCS\n",
    "WRITE_BLOB = file_name\n",
    "\n",
    "gcs_write(BUCKET, WRITE_BLOB, generate_text)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 9
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.513707Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:01.755747Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Assign file_name to a constant using for reading from GCS\n",
    "READ_BLOB = file_name\n",
    "\n",
    "# Read data as lines\n",
    "data = gcs_read(BUCKET, READ_BLOB)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Use display() because data is already list of lines structure\n",
    "display(data)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['## True/False\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '1. A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '2. Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed from the internet without any configuration.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '3. AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by HTTP requests.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '4. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made to AWS services.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '5. AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create new resources, not update or delete existing ones.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '6. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and relational data models.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '7. AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales your application based on traffic patterns.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '8. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated private connection to the AWS cloud.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '9. AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within your AWS account.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '10. AWS Organizations allows you to manage multiple AWS accounts under a single umbrella.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '## Single Correct Answer\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '11. Which AWS service is primarily used for managing and deploying containerized applications?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon ECS\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '12. What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Providing object storage\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Managing virtual private networks\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Providing DNS services\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Running containerized applications\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '13. Which AWS service is used for managing and monitoring your AWS resources?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '14. Which AWS service is used for deploying and managing serverless applications?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon ECS\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '15. Which AWS service provides a managed database service for NoSQL workloads?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Amazon RDS\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Amazon Redshift\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon Aurora\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '16. Which AWS service is primarily used for securing access to your AWS resources?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS IAM\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '17. Which AWS service allows you to create and manage virtual private networks?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS VPC\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon Route 53\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '18. Which AWS service is primarily used for automating deployments and managing infrastructure?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '19. Which AWS service provides a managed service for running and scaling web applications?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '20. Which AWS service is primarily used for collecting and analyzing log data from your applications?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon CloudFront\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '## Multiple Correct Answers\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '21. Which of the following are valid methods for deploying an AWS Lambda function? (Select 2 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using the AWS CLI\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using the AWS SDK\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using Terraform\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '22. Which of the following are benefits of using AWS Lambda? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Serverless architecture\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Pay-per-use pricing\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Automatic scaling\\n',\n",
       " '    D. High availability\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '23. Which of the following are components of an AWS VPC? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Subnets\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Route tables\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Security groups\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Load balancers\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '24. Which of the following are valid ways to configure access to an Amazon S3 bucket? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using IAM policies\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using bucket policies\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using access control lists (ACLs)\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using CloudFront distributions\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '25. Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS resources using AWS CloudWatch? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Creating custom metrics\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using predefined metrics\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Setting up alarms\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Analyzing log data\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '26. Which of the following are valid methods for deploying an AWS CloudFormation stack? (Select 2 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using the AWS CLI\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using the AWS SDK\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using Terraform\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '27. Which of the following are benefits of using AWS Elastic Beanstalk? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Simplified deployment process\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Automatic scaling\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Built-in monitoring and logging\\n',\n",
       " '    D. High availability\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, D**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '28. Which of the following are ways to access resources in a private subnet within an AWS VPC? (Select 2 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using a NAT gateway\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using a VPN connection\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using a direct connection\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using a public subnet\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '29. Which of the following are valid ways to manage AWS resources across multiple accounts? (Select 2 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using AWS Organizations\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using AWS IAM\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '30. Which of the following are ways to secure an AWS Lambda function? (Select 3 apply)\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Using IAM roles\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Using VPC endpoints\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Using Lambda layers\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Using Lambda triggers\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A, B, C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '## True/False\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '31. AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by events from other AWS services, such as S3 bucket events.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '32. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made to AWS services, not user activity within AWS services.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '33. AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, update, and delete AWS resources, including those in other accounts.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '34. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key-value data models.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '35. AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale your application based on traffic patterns and resource usage.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '36. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated private connection to the AWS cloud, bypassing the public internet.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '37. AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other AWS accounts by using cross-account permissions.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '38. AWS Organizations allows you to manage multiple AWS accounts under a single umbrella, enforcing policies and controlling access.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '39. Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with different access control policies for different users and groups.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '40. AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permissions to access AWS resources, preventing unauthorized access.\\n',\n",
       " '    A. True\\n',\n",
       " '    B. False\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '## Single Correct Answer\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '41. Which AWS service is primarily used for managing and deploying serverless applications, including those written in Python, Node.js, and Java?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon ECS\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '42. What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Providing object storage\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Managing virtual private networks\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Providing real-time data processing\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Running containerized applications\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '43. Which AWS service is used for managing and monitoring your AWS resources, including setting up alarms and creating dashboards?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '44. Which AWS service is used for deploying and managing serverless applications, including those written in Go, PHP, and Ruby?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon ECS\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '45. Which AWS service provides a managed database service for NoSQL workloads, with high availability and scalability?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Amazon RDS\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n',\n",
       " '    C. Amazon Redshift\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon Aurora\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '46. Which AWS service is primarily used for securing access to your AWS resources, including creating and managing user accounts and permissions?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS IAM\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: B**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '47. Which AWS service allows you to create and manage virtual private networks, including subnets, security groups, and route tables?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS VPC\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon Route 53\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '48. Which AWS service is primarily used for automating deployments and managing infrastructure, using infrastructure as code principles?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS CloudFormation\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: A**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '49. Which AWS service provides a managed service for running and scaling web applications, including support for multiple languages and frameworks?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. AWS Lambda\\n',\n",
       " '    B. Amazon EC2\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS Elastic Beanstalk\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C**\\n',\n",
       " '\\n',\n",
       " '50. Which AWS service is primarily used for collecting and analyzing log data from your applications, including metrics, events, and traces?\\n',\n",
       " '    A. Amazon S3\\n',\n",
       " '    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n',\n",
       " '    C. AWS CloudWatch\\n',\n",
       " '    D. Amazon CloudFront\\n',\n",
       " '    **Correct: C** \\n']"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 10
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def split_qa(lines_data):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Accepts list of lines.\n",
    "    Returns a dictionary with keys `question` and `answer`\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    dict_data = {'question': [],\n",
    "                 'answer': []}\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Switch determines if the last line is in question section or not\n",
    "    q_prev = False\n",
    "    \n",
    "    for line in lines_data:\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Strip '**' style around 'Correct answer(s)' or 'Correct'\n",
    "        line = line.replace('**', '')\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # Check if line is not blank, title or heading ('##')\n",
    "        if (line != '\\n') and ('##' not in line):\n",
    "            \n",
    "            # Call the first word of the line is `head`\n",
    "            head = line.split()[0]\n",
    "            \n",
    "            # Append new question if all of these meet:\n",
    "            # - Previous line is not in question text\n",
    "            # - First character of `head` is numeric\n",
    "            # - Last character of `head` is '.'\n",
    "            if (not q_prev) and head[0].isnumeric() and head[-1] == \".\":\n",
    "                dict_data['question'].append(line)\n",
    "                q_prev = True\n",
    "    \n",
    "            # Append new answer if all of these meet:\n",
    "            # - Previous line is in question text\n",
    "            # - `head` is 'A.'\n",
    "            elif q_prev and head == 'A.':\n",
    "                dict_data['answer'].append(line)\n",
    "                q_prev = False\n",
    "    \n",
    "            # Add line to unfinished question\n",
    "            elif q_prev:\n",
    "                dict_data['question'][-1] += line\n",
    "        \n",
    "            # Add line to unfinished answer\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                dict_data['answer'][-1] += line\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return dict_data"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "id": "bQn-XHAFXmXl",
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "outputId": "e032cafe-e114-47b2-802d-b01f7cc214e8",
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.521813Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.515602Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 11
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.531839Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.523528Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Return split_qa result to a variable\n",
    "dict0 = split_qa(data)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert `dict0` to a DataFrame\n",
    "df0 = pd.DataFrame(dict0)\n",
    "\n",
    "print('Number of questions:', len(df0))\n",
    "print('Columns:', df0.columns.values)"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Number of questions: 50\n",
      "Columns: ['question' 'answer']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 12
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.551820Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.534022Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# View some rows\n",
    "df0.iloc[15:60]"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "                                             question  \\\n",
       "15  16. Which AWS service is primarily used for se...   \n",
       "16  17. Which AWS service allows you to create and...   \n",
       "17  18. Which AWS service is primarily used for au...   \n",
       "18  19. Which AWS service provides a managed servi...   \n",
       "19  20. Which AWS service is primarily used for co...   \n",
       "20  21. Which of the following are valid methods f...   \n",
       "21  22. Which of the following are benefits of usi...   \n",
       "22  23. Which of the following are components of a...   \n",
       "23  24. Which of the following are valid ways to c...   \n",
       "24  25. Which of the following are ways to monitor...   \n",
       "25  26. Which of the following are valid methods f...   \n",
       "26  27. Which of the following are benefits of usi...   \n",
       "27  28. Which of the following are ways to access ...   \n",
       "28  29. Which of the following are valid ways to m...   \n",
       "29  30. Which of the following are ways to secure ...   \n",
       "30  31. AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by e...   \n",
       "31  32. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls m...   \n",
       "32  33. AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, ...   \n",
       "33  34. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and...   \n",
       "34  35. AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically sc...   \n",
       "35  36. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated pr...   \n",
       "36  37. AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in ot...   \n",
       "37  38. AWS Organizations allows you to manage mul...   \n",
       "38  39. Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with d...   \n",
       "39  40. AWS IAM users can be assigned specific per...   \n",
       "40  41. Which AWS service is primarily used for ma...   \n",
       "41  42. What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?\\n   \n",
       "42  43. Which AWS service is used for managing and...   \n",
       "43  44. Which AWS service is used for deploying an...   \n",
       "44  45. Which AWS service provides a managed datab...   \n",
       "45  46. Which AWS service is primarily used for se...   \n",
       "46  47. Which AWS service allows you to create and...   \n",
       "47  48. Which AWS service is primarily used for au...   \n",
       "48  49. Which AWS service provides a managed servi...   \n",
       "49  50. Which AWS service is primarily used for co...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               answer  \n",
       "15      A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...  \n",
       "16      A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....  \n",
       "17      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "18      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "19      A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...  \n",
       "20      A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...  \n",
       "21      A. Serverless architecture\\n    B. Pay-per...  \n",
       "22      A. Subnets\\n    B. Route tables\\n    C. Se...  \n",
       "23      A. Using IAM policies\\n    B. Using bucket...  \n",
       "24      A. Creating custom metrics\\n    B. Using p...  \n",
       "25      A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...  \n",
       "26      A. Simplified deployment process\\n    B. A...  \n",
       "27      A. Using a NAT gateway\\n    B. Using a VPN...  \n",
       "28      A. Using AWS Organizations\\n    B. Using A...  \n",
       "29      A. Using IAM roles\\n    B. Using VPC endpo...  \n",
       "30            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "31            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "32            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "33            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "34            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "35            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "36            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "37            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "38            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "39            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "40      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "41      A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...  \n",
       "42      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "43      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "44      A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...  \n",
       "45      A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...  \n",
       "46      A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....  \n",
       "47      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "48      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "49      A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...  "
      ],
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       "      <th>answer</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>16. Which AWS service is primarily used for se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>17. Which AWS service allows you to create and...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>18. Which AWS service is primarily used for au...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>19. Which AWS service provides a managed servi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>20. Which AWS service is primarily used for co...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>21. Which of the following are valid methods f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>22. Which of the following are benefits of usi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Serverless architecture\\n    B. Pay-per...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>23. Which of the following are components of a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Subnets\\n    B. Route tables\\n    C. Se...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>24. Which of the following are valid ways to c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using IAM policies\\n    B. Using bucket...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>25. Which of the following are ways to monitor...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Creating custom metrics\\n    B. Using p...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>26. Which of the following are valid methods f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>27. Which of the following are benefits of usi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Simplified deployment process\\n    B. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>28. Which of the following are ways to access ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using a NAT gateway\\n    B. Using a VPN...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>29. Which of the following are valid ways to m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using AWS Organizations\\n    B. Using A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>30. Which of the following are ways to secure ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using IAM roles\\n    B. Using VPC endpo...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>31. AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by e...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>32. AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>33. AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>34. Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>35. AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically sc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>36. AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated pr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>37. AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in ot...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>38. AWS Organizations allows you to manage mul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>39. Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>40. AWS IAM users can be assigned specific per...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>41. Which AWS service is primarily used for ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>42. What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?\\n</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>43. Which AWS service is used for managing and...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>43</th>\n",
       "      <td>44. Which AWS service is used for deploying an...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>45. Which AWS service provides a managed datab...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>46. Which AWS service is primarily used for se...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>47. Which AWS service allows you to create and...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>48. Which AWS service is primarily used for au...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>49. Which AWS service provides a managed servi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>50. Which AWS service is primarily used for co...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 13
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  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.561134Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.558478Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Make a copy of df0\n",
    "df1 = df0.copy()"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 14
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.571281Z",
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Strip the number at the beginning and '\\n' at the end of each question \n",
    "df1['question'] = df1['question'].str.replace(r'^\\d{0,4}\\.[ ]', '', regex=True).str.rstrip()"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 15
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  {
   "metadata": {
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     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.572950Z"
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     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "                                             question  \\\n",
       "0    A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.   \n",
       "1   Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...   \n",
       "2   AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...   \n",
       "3   AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "4   AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...   \n",
       "5   Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...   \n",
       "6   AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...   \n",
       "7   AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "8   AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...   \n",
       "9   AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "10  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "11    What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?   \n",
       "12  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "13  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "14  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "15  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "16  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "17  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "18  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "19  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "20  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "21  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "22  Which of the following are components of an AW...   \n",
       "23  Which of the following are valid ways to confi...   \n",
       "24  Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...   \n",
       "25  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "26  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "27  Which of the following are ways to access reso...   \n",
       "28  Which of the following are valid ways to manag...   \n",
       "29  Which of the following are ways to secure an A...   \n",
       "30  AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...   \n",
       "31  AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "32  AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...   \n",
       "33  Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...   \n",
       "34  AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...   \n",
       "35  AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "36  AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...   \n",
       "37  AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "38  Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...   \n",
       "39  AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...   \n",
       "40  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "41        What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?   \n",
       "42  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "43  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "44  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "45  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "46  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "47  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "48  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "49  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               answer  \n",
       "0             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "1             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "2             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "3             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "4             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "5             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "6             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "7             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "8             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "9             A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "10      A. Amazon EC2\\n    B. Amazon ECS\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "11      A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...  \n",
       "12      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "13      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "14      A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...  \n",
       "15      A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...  \n",
       "16      A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....  \n",
       "17      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "18      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "19      A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...  \n",
       "20      A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...  \n",
       "21      A. Serverless architecture\\n    B. Pay-per...  \n",
       "22      A. Subnets\\n    B. Route tables\\n    C. Se...  \n",
       "23      A. Using IAM policies\\n    B. Using bucket...  \n",
       "24      A. Creating custom metrics\\n    B. Using p...  \n",
       "25      A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...  \n",
       "26      A. Simplified deployment process\\n    B. A...  \n",
       "27      A. Using a NAT gateway\\n    B. Using a VPN...  \n",
       "28      A. Using AWS Organizations\\n    B. Using A...  \n",
       "29      A. Using IAM roles\\n    B. Using VPC endpo...  \n",
       "30            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "31            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "32            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n  \n",
       "33            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "34            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "35            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "36            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "37            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "38            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "39            A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n  \n",
       "40      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "41      A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...  \n",
       "42      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "43      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "44      A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...  \n",
       "45      A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...  \n",
       "46      A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....  \n",
       "47      A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...  \n",
       "48      A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...  \n",
       "49      A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...  "
      ],
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon EC2\\n    B. Amazon ECS\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Serverless architecture\\n    B. Pay-per...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are components of an AW...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Subnets\\n    B. Route tables\\n    C. Se...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to confi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using IAM policies\\n    B. Using bucket...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Creating custom metrics\\n    B. Using p...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using the AWS Management Console\\n    B...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Simplified deployment process\\n    B. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to access reso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using a NAT gateway\\n    B. Using a VPN...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to manag...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using AWS Organizations\\n    B. Using A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to secure an A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Using IAM roles\\n    B. Using VPC endpo...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: B\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. True\\n    B. False\\n    Correct: A\\n</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Providing object storage\\n    B. Managi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>43</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon RDS\\n    B. Amazon DynamoDB\\n   ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudTrail\\n    B. AWS IAM\\n    C. ...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS VPC\\n    B. Amazon Route 53\\n    C....</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS CloudFormation\\n    B. AWS CloudTra...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. AWS Lambda\\n    B. Amazon EC2\\n    C. A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>A. Amazon S3\\n    B. AWS CloudTrail\\n    C...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 16
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.590880Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.584120Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def convert_index(capital):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return zero-based index from capital, 'A' has unicode code as 65\"\"\"\n",
    "    return ord(capital) - 65\n",
    "\n",
    "def split_choice(answer):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Split the `answer` data into multiple choices\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    # print(answer)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Use 'Correct Answer(s): ' to split text.\n",
    "    # Index 0 is all choices, index 1 is all answers\n",
    "    if 'Correct Answer' in answer:\n",
    "        split_all = re.split(r'Correct Answer[s]*: ', answer)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        split_all = re.split('Correct: ', answer)\n",
    "    # print(\"After strip 'Correct Answer(s): ' or 'Correct: ':\", split_all)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    choices = split_all[0]\n",
    "    # print('Choices text:', choices)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    correct_stack = split_all[1]\n",
    "    # print('Correct stack:', correct_stack)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Split using ','\n",
    "    correct_stack = correct_stack.split(',')\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Pick only first capital indicating the choices\n",
    "    correct_note = [item.strip()[0] for item in correct_stack]\n",
    "    # print('Correct note:', correct_note)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Make zero-based index from alphabet\n",
    "    correct_index = [convert_index(item) for item in correct_note]\n",
    "    # print('Correct index', correct_index)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Split using 'X. ', index 0 is '', so pass\n",
    "    choices = re.split(r'[A-Z]\\.[ ]', choices)[1:]\n",
    "    # Strip right side of choice text\n",
    "    choices = [choice.rstrip() for choice in choices]\n",
    "    # print('All choices in list: ', choices)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # Separate choices into lists as `incorrect` and `correct`\n",
    "    incorrect = [choice for index, choice in enumerate(choices) if index not in correct_index]\n",
    "    # print('Incorrect in list: ', incorrect)\n",
    "    correct = [choice for index, choice in enumerate(choices) if index in correct_index]\n",
    "    # print('Correct in list: ', correct)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return {'incorrect': incorrect,\n",
    "            'correct': correct}"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 17
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.599356Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.593154Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Make a copy of `df1`\n",
    "df2 = df1.copy()"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 18
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.605010Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.601015Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Test the function with sub set of data\n",
    "df_test = df2.iloc[20:22]['answer'].apply(split_choice)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 19
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.616626Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.607452Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Print out to preview results\n",
    "display(df_test.str['incorrect'])\n",
    "df_test.str['correct']"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "20    [Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]\n",
       "21                     [High availability]\n",
       "Name: answer, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "20    [Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...\n",
       "21    [Serverless architecture, Pay-per-use pricing,...\n",
       "Name: answer, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 20
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Apply the function to full dataset\n",
    "df2['incorrect'] = df2['answer'].apply(split_choice).str['incorrect']\n",
    "df2['correct'] = df2['answer'].apply(split_choice).str['correct']"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "id": "Byy1M1S5py4_",
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 71
    },
    "outputId": "519cfa2e-d9ec-4fcd-bc73-96d6dbe5bf63",
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.624690Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.618757Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 21
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.635113Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.627042Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Preview a row\n",
    "display(df2.loc[40, 'incorrect'])\n",
    "display(df2.loc[40, 'correct'])"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['Amazon EC2', 'AWS Elastic Beanstalk', 'Amazon ECS']"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['AWS Lambda']"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 22
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# New order of columns\n",
    "new_order = ['question', 'incorrect', 'correct']\n",
    "\n",
    "# Make a copy of `df2` with new order of columns\n",
    "df_clean = df2[new_order].copy()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Preview data in a row\n",
    "display(df_clean['incorrect'][45])\n",
    "display(df_clean['correct'][45])\n",
    "df_clean.iloc[45]"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "id": "KJFbdYUWPxBo",
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 88
    },
    "outputId": "8505dc81-3eb7-4b10-8328-b50fb6c50bb5",
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.652692Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.637024Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['AWS CloudTrail', 'AWS CloudFormation', 'Amazon S3']"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['AWS IAM']"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "question     Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...\n",
       "incorrect      [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]\n",
       "correct                                              [AWS IAM]\n",
       "Name: 45, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 23
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Preview the whole final table\n",
    "df_clean"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 1000
    },
    "id": "f5bjnWu3oIXc",
    "outputId": "2b181966-cbbc-479c-8c67-fb9047491665",
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.686755Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.654933Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "                                             question  \\\n",
       "0    A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.   \n",
       "1   Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...   \n",
       "2   AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...   \n",
       "3   AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "4   AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...   \n",
       "5   Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...   \n",
       "6   AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...   \n",
       "7   AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "8   AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...   \n",
       "9   AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "10  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "11    What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?   \n",
       "12  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "13  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "14  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "15  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "16  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "17  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "18  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "19  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "20  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "21  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "22  Which of the following are components of an AW...   \n",
       "23  Which of the following are valid ways to confi...   \n",
       "24  Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...   \n",
       "25  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "26  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "27  Which of the following are ways to access reso...   \n",
       "28  Which of the following are valid ways to manag...   \n",
       "29  Which of the following are ways to secure an A...   \n",
       "30  AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...   \n",
       "31  AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "32  AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...   \n",
       "33  Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...   \n",
       "34  AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...   \n",
       "35  AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "36  AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...   \n",
       "37  AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "38  Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...   \n",
       "39  AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...   \n",
       "40  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "41        What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?   \n",
       "42  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "43  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "44  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "45  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "46  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "47  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "48  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "49  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            incorrect  \\\n",
       "0                                              [True]   \n",
       "1                                              [True]   \n",
       "2                                              [True]   \n",
       "3                                              [True]   \n",
       "4                                              [True]   \n",
       "5                                              [True]   \n",
       "6                                             [False]   \n",
       "7                                             [False]   \n",
       "8                                              [True]   \n",
       "9                                             [False]   \n",
       "10                [Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "11  [Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...   \n",
       "12    [AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "13    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "14       [Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]   \n",
       "15    [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "16       [Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "17       [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]   \n",
       "18                [AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "19     [Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]   \n",
       "20               [Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]   \n",
       "21                                [High availability]   \n",
       "22                                   [Load balancers]   \n",
       "23                   [Using CloudFront distributions]   \n",
       "24                               [Analyzing log data]   \n",
       "25               [Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]   \n",
       "26                  [Built-in monitoring and logging]   \n",
       "27  [Using a direct connection, Using a public sub...   \n",
       "28   [Using AWS CloudFormation, Using AWS CloudTrail]   \n",
       "29                            [Using Lambda triggers]   \n",
       "30                                            [False]   \n",
       "31                                             [True]   \n",
       "32                                             [True]   \n",
       "33                                            [False]   \n",
       "34                                            [False]   \n",
       "35                                            [False]   \n",
       "36                                            [False]   \n",
       "37                                            [False]   \n",
       "38                                            [False]   \n",
       "39                                            [False]   \n",
       "40    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "41  [Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...   \n",
       "42    [AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "43    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "44       [Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]   \n",
       "45    [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "46       [Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "47       [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]   \n",
       "48                [AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "49     [Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                              correct  \n",
       "0                                             [False]  \n",
       "1                                             [False]  \n",
       "2                                             [False]  \n",
       "3                                             [False]  \n",
       "4                                             [False]  \n",
       "5                                             [False]  \n",
       "6                                              [True]  \n",
       "7                                              [True]  \n",
       "8                                             [False]  \n",
       "9                                              [True]  \n",
       "10                                       [Amazon ECS]  \n",
       "11                           [Providing DNS services]  \n",
       "12                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "13                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "14                                  [Amazon DynamoDB]  \n",
       "15                                          [AWS IAM]  \n",
       "16                                          [AWS VPC]  \n",
       "17                               [AWS CloudFormation]  \n",
       "18                            [AWS Elastic Beanstalk]  \n",
       "19                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "20  [Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...  \n",
       "21  [Serverless architecture, Pay-per-use pricing,...  \n",
       "22           [Subnets, Route tables, Security groups]  \n",
       "23  [Using IAM policies, Using bucket policies, Us...  \n",
       "24  [Creating custom metrics, Using predefined met...  \n",
       "25  [Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...  \n",
       "26  [Simplified deployment process, Automatic scal...  \n",
       "27      [Using a NAT gateway, Using a VPN connection]  \n",
       "28           [Using AWS Organizations, Using AWS IAM]  \n",
       "29  [Using IAM roles, Using VPC endpoints, Using L...  \n",
       "30                                             [True]  \n",
       "31                                            [False]  \n",
       "32                                            [False]  \n",
       "33                                             [True]  \n",
       "34                                             [True]  \n",
       "35                                             [True]  \n",
       "36                                             [True]  \n",
       "37                                             [True]  \n",
       "38                                             [True]  \n",
       "39                                             [True]  \n",
       "40                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "41              [Providing real-time data processing]  \n",
       "42                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "43                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "44                                  [Amazon DynamoDB]  \n",
       "45                                          [AWS IAM]  \n",
       "46                                          [AWS VPC]  \n",
       "47                               [AWS CloudFormation]  \n",
       "48                            [AWS Elastic Beanstalk]  \n",
       "49                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  "
      ],
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>question</th>\n",
       "      <th>incorrect</th>\n",
       "      <th>correct</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing DNS services]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon DynamoDB]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS VPC]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Elastic Beanstalk]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[High availability]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Serverless architecture, Pay-per-use pricing,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are components of an AW...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Load balancers]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Subnets, Route tables, Security groups]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to confi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using CloudFront distributions]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using IAM policies, Using bucket policies, Us...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Analyzing log data]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Creating custom metrics, Using predefined met...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Built-in monitoring and logging]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Simplified deployment process, Automatic scal...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to access reso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using a direct connection, Using a public sub...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using a NAT gateway, Using a VPN connection]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to manag...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using AWS CloudFormation, Using AWS CloudTrail]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using AWS Organizations, Using AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to secure an A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using Lambda triggers]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using IAM roles, Using VPC endpoints, Using L...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing real-time data processing]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>43</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon DynamoDB]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS VPC]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Elastic Beanstalk]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 24
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Pick up the read blob name with '.txt' excluded, to make new json file name\n",
    "JSON_BLOB = READ_BLOB[:-4] + '.json'\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert `df_clean` to JSON string\n",
    "export_json_string = df_clean.to_json()"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "id": "E_zJ9U08cw8N",
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.693170Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.688843Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 25
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:07.442925Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:04.695086Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Write JSON string to GCS object as a JSON file\n",
    "gcs_write(BUCKET, JSON_BLOB, export_json_string)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 26
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:09.718083Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:07.445329Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Read just exported JSON file for testing purpose\n",
    "read_json_string = gcs_read(BUCKET, JSON_BLOB, j_load=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert to DataFrame\n",
    "df_json = pd.DataFrame(read_json_string)"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 27
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:09.783169Z",
     "start_time": "2024-07-01T06:46:09.720700Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "# Preview json file data as DataFrame\n",
    "df_json"
   ],
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "                                             question  \\\n",
       "0    A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.   \n",
       "1   Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...   \n",
       "2   AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...   \n",
       "3   AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "4   AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...   \n",
       "5   Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...   \n",
       "6   AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...   \n",
       "7   AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "8   AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...   \n",
       "9   AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "10  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "11    What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?   \n",
       "12  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "13  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "14  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "15  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "16  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "17  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "18  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "19  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "20  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "21  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "22  Which of the following are components of an AW...   \n",
       "23  Which of the following are valid ways to confi...   \n",
       "24  Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...   \n",
       "25  Which of the following are valid methods for d...   \n",
       "26  Which of the following are benefits of using A...   \n",
       "27  Which of the following are ways to access reso...   \n",
       "28  Which of the following are valid ways to manag...   \n",
       "29  Which of the following are ways to secure an A...   \n",
       "30  AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...   \n",
       "31  AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...   \n",
       "32  AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...   \n",
       "33  Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...   \n",
       "34  AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...   \n",
       "35  AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...   \n",
       "36  AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...   \n",
       "37  AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...   \n",
       "38  Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...   \n",
       "39  AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...   \n",
       "40  Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...   \n",
       "41        What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?   \n",
       "42  Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...   \n",
       "43  Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...   \n",
       "44  Which AWS service provides a managed database ...   \n",
       "45  Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...   \n",
       "46  Which AWS service allows you to create and man...   \n",
       "47  Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...   \n",
       "48  Which AWS service provides a managed service f...   \n",
       "49  Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            incorrect  \\\n",
       "0                                              [True]   \n",
       "1                                              [True]   \n",
       "2                                              [True]   \n",
       "3                                              [True]   \n",
       "4                                              [True]   \n",
       "5                                              [True]   \n",
       "6                                             [False]   \n",
       "7                                             [False]   \n",
       "8                                              [True]   \n",
       "9                                             [False]   \n",
       "10                [Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "11  [Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...   \n",
       "12    [AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "13    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "14       [Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]   \n",
       "15    [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "16       [Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "17       [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]   \n",
       "18                [AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "19     [Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]   \n",
       "20               [Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]   \n",
       "21                                [High availability]   \n",
       "22                                   [Load balancers]   \n",
       "23                   [Using CloudFront distributions]   \n",
       "24                               [Analyzing log data]   \n",
       "25               [Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]   \n",
       "26                  [Built-in monitoring and logging]   \n",
       "27  [Using a direct connection, Using a public sub...   \n",
       "28   [Using AWS CloudFormation, Using AWS CloudTrail]   \n",
       "29                            [Using Lambda triggers]   \n",
       "30                                            [False]   \n",
       "31                                             [True]   \n",
       "32                                             [True]   \n",
       "33                                            [False]   \n",
       "34                                            [False]   \n",
       "35                                            [False]   \n",
       "36                                            [False]   \n",
       "37                                            [False]   \n",
       "38                                            [False]   \n",
       "39                                            [False]   \n",
       "40    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "41  [Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...   \n",
       "42    [AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "43    [Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]   \n",
       "44       [Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]   \n",
       "45    [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "46       [Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "47       [AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]   \n",
       "48                [AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]   \n",
       "49     [Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                              correct  \n",
       "0                                             [False]  \n",
       "1                                             [False]  \n",
       "2                                             [False]  \n",
       "3                                             [False]  \n",
       "4                                             [False]  \n",
       "5                                             [False]  \n",
       "6                                              [True]  \n",
       "7                                              [True]  \n",
       "8                                             [False]  \n",
       "9                                              [True]  \n",
       "10                                       [Amazon ECS]  \n",
       "11                           [Providing DNS services]  \n",
       "12                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "13                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "14                                  [Amazon DynamoDB]  \n",
       "15                                          [AWS IAM]  \n",
       "16                                          [AWS VPC]  \n",
       "17                               [AWS CloudFormation]  \n",
       "18                            [AWS Elastic Beanstalk]  \n",
       "19                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "20  [Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...  \n",
       "21  [Serverless architecture, Pay-per-use pricing,...  \n",
       "22           [Subnets, Route tables, Security groups]  \n",
       "23  [Using IAM policies, Using bucket policies, Us...  \n",
       "24  [Creating custom metrics, Using predefined met...  \n",
       "25  [Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...  \n",
       "26  [Simplified deployment process, Automatic scal...  \n",
       "27      [Using a NAT gateway, Using a VPN connection]  \n",
       "28           [Using AWS Organizations, Using AWS IAM]  \n",
       "29  [Using IAM roles, Using VPC endpoints, Using L...  \n",
       "30                                             [True]  \n",
       "31                                            [False]  \n",
       "32                                            [False]  \n",
       "33                                             [True]  \n",
       "34                                             [True]  \n",
       "35                                             [True]  \n",
       "36                                             [True]  \n",
       "37                                             [True]  \n",
       "38                                             [True]  \n",
       "39                                             [True]  \n",
       "40                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "41              [Providing real-time data processing]  \n",
       "42                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  \n",
       "43                                       [AWS Lambda]  \n",
       "44                                  [Amazon DynamoDB]  \n",
       "45                                          [AWS IAM]  \n",
       "46                                          [AWS VPC]  \n",
       "47                               [AWS CloudFormation]  \n",
       "48                            [AWS Elastic Beanstalk]  \n",
       "49                                   [AWS CloudWatch]  "
      ],
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>question</th>\n",
       "      <th>incorrect</th>\n",
       "      <th>correct</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>A single AWS account can only have one IAM user.</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be directly accessed fro...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can only be triggered by ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can only be used to create ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and rel...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically scales you...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch only monitors resources within ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of Amazon Route 53?</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing DNS services]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon DynamoDB]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS VPC]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Elastic Beanstalk]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[High availability]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Serverless architecture, Pay-per-use pricing,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are components of an AW...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Load balancers]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Subnets, Route tables, Security groups]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to confi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using CloudFront distributions]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using IAM policies, Using bucket policies, Us...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to monitor AWS...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Analyzing log data]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Creating custom metrics, Using predefined met...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid methods for d...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS CLI, Using Terraform]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using the AWS Management Console, Using the A...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are benefits of using A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Built-in monitoring and logging]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Simplified deployment process, Automatic scal...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to access reso...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using a direct connection, Using a public sub...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using a NAT gateway, Using a VPN connection]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are valid ways to manag...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using AWS CloudFormation, Using AWS CloudTrail]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using AWS Organizations, Using AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which of the following are ways to secure an A...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using Lambda triggers]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Using IAM roles, Using VPC endpoints, Using L...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Lambda functions can be triggered by event...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudTrail can only record API calls made ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudFormation can be used to create, upda...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon DynamoDB supports both document and key...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Elastic Beanstalk can automatically scale ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated privat...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS CloudWatch can monitor resources in other ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS Organizations allows you to manage multipl...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>Amazon S3 buckets can be configured with diffe...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>AWS IAM users can be assigned specific permiss...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[False]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[True]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for managi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>What is the primary purpose of AWS Kinesis?</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing object storage, Managing virtual pr...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Providing real-time data processing]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for managing and mon...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>43</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is used for deploying and ma...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon EC2, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon ECS]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed database ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, Amazon Aurora]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon DynamoDB]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for securi...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS IAM]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service allows you to create and man...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon Route 53, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS VPC]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for automa...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudTrail, AWS CloudWatch, Amazon EC2]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudFormation]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service provides a managed service f...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Lambda, Amazon EC2, Amazon S3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS Elastic Beanstalk]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>Which AWS service is primarily used for collec...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[Amazon S3, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon CloudFront]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[AWS CloudWatch]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ]
     },
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
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   "execution_count": 28
  },
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    {
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      "text/plain": [
       "'Which AWS service is primarily used for securing access to your AWS resources?'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "execution_count": 29
  },
  {
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 29
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 ]
}