cmake: upgrade to Conan 2 (#2318)

[battlmonstr]

extras:

• refactor compiler_install.sh
• reduce verbosity of cmake configuration output

"light" workflow jobs build time of conan (cmake configuration command):

gcc (linux-gcc-12-release) - no conan cache
- conan 1 - 2,6 min
- conan 2 - 2,5 min
clang (linux-clang-16-release) - no conan cache
- conan 1 - 3 min
- conan 2 - 13 min

gcc (linux-gcc-12-release) - with conan cache
- conan 1 - 0,3 min
- conan 2 - 0,23 min
clang (linux-clang-16-release) - with conan cache
- conan 1 - 0,25  min
- conan 2 - 0,22  min

conan 2 has no clang binaries for Linux, so the first build on clang has to build everything from source. That takes 10 min longer compared to conan 1 where we build only 2-3 libs from source. It is cached and then the build time is about equal.

[battlmonstr]

superseded by #2607