Eliminate createRequire/require from EXPORT_ES6 output

src/lib/libatomic.js

@@ -170,9 +170,12 @@ addToLibrary({
 
   emscripten_has_threading_support: () => !!globalThis.SharedArrayBuffer,
 
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
+  emscripten_num_logical_cores__deps: ['$nodeOs'],
+#endif
   emscripten_num_logical_cores: () =>
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
-    ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE ? require('node:os').cpus().length :
+    ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE ? nodeOs.cpus().length :
 #endif
     navigator['hardwareConcurrency'],
 

src/lib/libcore.js

@@ -369,6 +369,12 @@ addToLibrary({
   },
 #endif
 
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
+  $nodeOs: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:os') }}}",
+  $nodeChildProcess: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:child_process') }}}",
+  $nodeFs: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:fs') }}}",
+  _emscripten_system__deps: ['$nodeChildProcess'],
+#endif
   _emscripten_system: (command) => {
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
     if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
@@ -377,8 +383,7 @@ addToLibrary({
       var cmdstr = UTF8ToString(command);
       if (!cmdstr.length) return 0; // this is what glibc seems to do (shell works test?)
 
-      var cp = require('node:child_process');
-      var ret = cp.spawnSync(cmdstr, [], {shell:true, stdio:'inherit'});
+      var ret = nodeChildProcess.spawnSync(cmdstr, [], {shell:true, stdio:'inherit'});
 
       var _W_EXITCODE = (ret, sig) => ((ret) << 8 | (sig));
 

src/lib/libnodepath.js

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // operations. Hence, using `nodePath` should be safe here.
 
 addToLibrary({
-  $nodePath: "require('node:path')",
+  $nodePath: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:path', false) }}}",
   $PATH__deps: ['$nodePath'],
   $PATH: `{
     isAbs: nodePath.isAbsolute,

src/lib/libnoderawfs.js

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
  */
 
 addToLibrary({
-  $NODERAWFS__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '$FS', '$NODEFS', '$mmapAlloc', '$FS_modeStringToFlags', '$NODERAWFS_stream_funcs'],
+  $nodeTTY: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:tty', false) }}}",
+  $NODERAWFS__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '$FS', '$NODEFS', '$mmapAlloc', '$FS_modeStringToFlags', '$NODERAWFS_stream_funcs', '$nodeTTY'],
   $NODERAWFS__postset: `
     if (!ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
       throw new Error("NODERAWFS is currently only supported on Node.js environment.")
     }
-    var nodeTTY = require('node:tty');
     function _wrapNodeError(func) {
       return (...args) => {
         try {

src/lib/libsockfs.js

@@ -5,10 +5,18 @@
  */
 
 addToLibrary({
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && EXPORT_ES6
+  // In ESM mode, require() is not natively available. When SOCKFS is used,
+  // we need require() to lazily load the 'ws' npm package for WebSocket
+  // support on Node.js. Set up a createRequire-based polyfill.
+  $nodeRequire: `ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE ? (await import('node:module')).createRequire(import.meta.url) : undefined`,
+  $SOCKFS__deps: ['$FS', '$nodeRequire'],
+#else
+  $SOCKFS__deps: ['$FS'],
+#endif
   $SOCKFS__postset: () => {
     addAtInit('SOCKFS.root = FS.mount(SOCKFS, {}, null);');
   },
-  $SOCKFS__deps: ['$FS'],
   $SOCKFS: {
 #if expectToReceiveOnModule('websocket')
     websocketArgs: {},
@@ -216,7 +224,11 @@ addToLibrary({
             var WebSocketConstructor;
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
             if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
+#if EXPORT_ES6
+              WebSocketConstructor = /** @type{(typeof WebSocket)} */(nodeRequire('ws'));
+#else
               WebSocketConstructor = /** @type{(typeof WebSocket)} */(require('ws'));
+#endif
             } else
 #endif // ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
             {
@@ -518,7 +530,11 @@ addToLibrary({
         if (sock.server) {
            throw new FS.ErrnoError({{{ cDefs.EINVAL }}});  // already listening
         }
+#if EXPORT_ES6
+        var WebSocketServer = nodeRequire('ws').Server;
+#else
         var WebSocketServer = require('ws').Server;
+#endif
         var host = sock.saddr;
 #if SOCKET_DEBUG
         dbg(`websocket: listen: ${host}:${sock.sport}`);

src/lib/libwasi.js

@@ -563,14 +563,21 @@ var WasiLibrary = {
 
   // random.h
 
-#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_SHELL
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && MIN_NODE_VERSION < 190000
+  $nodeCrypto: "{{{ makeNodeImport('node:crypto') }}}",
+#endif
+
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_SHELL && ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && MIN_NODE_VERSION < 190000
+  $initRandomFill__deps: ['$base64Decode', '$nodeCrypto'],
+#elif ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_SHELL
   $initRandomFill__deps: ['$base64Decode'],
+#elif ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && MIN_NODE_VERSION < 190000
+  $initRandomFill__deps: ['$nodeCrypto'],
 #endif
   $initRandomFill: () => {
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && MIN_NODE_VERSION < 190000
     // This block is not needed on v19+ since crypto.getRandomValues is builtin
     if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-      var nodeCrypto = require('node:crypto');
       return (view) => (nodeCrypto.randomFillSync(view), 0);
     }
 #endif // ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE

src/lib/libwasm_worker.js

@@ -293,9 +293,12 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_WASM_WORKER
     _wasmWorkers[id].postMessage({'_wsc': funcPtr, 'x': readEmAsmArgs(sigPtr, varargs) });
   },
 
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
+  emscripten_navigator_hardware_concurrency__deps: ['$nodeOs'],
+#endif
   emscripten_navigator_hardware_concurrency: () => {
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE
-    if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) return require('node:os').cpus().length;
+    if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) return nodeOs.cpus().length;
 #endif
     return navigator['hardwareConcurrency'];
   },

src/parseTools.mjs

@@ -975,6 +975,39 @@ function makeModuleReceiveWithVar(localName, moduleName, defaultValue) {
   return ret;
 }
 
+function makeNodeImport(module, guard = true) {
+  assert(ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE, 'makeNodeImport called when environment can never be node');
+  var expr;
+  if (EXPORT_ES6) {
+    // Emit a plain top-level `await import()`.  When Closure is enabled,
+    // `mangleUnsupportedSyntax()` rewrites `await import` to the
+    // EMSCRIPTEN$AWAIT$IMPORT placeholder before Closure runs and
+    // `fix_js_mangling()` restores it afterwards (Closure can't parse
+    // top-level await); without Closure it is left as-is.
+    //
+    // The `/* webpackIgnore: true */` hint is required because webpack does
+    // NOT auto-handle `node:`-prefixed URIs for dynamic import; without it,
+    // webpack fails with `UnhandledSchemeError: Reading from "node:xxx" is
+    // not handled by plugins` (see test_webpack_esm_output_clean).
+    // `/* @vite-ignore */` similarly silences vite's dynamic-import analysis.
+    expr = `await import(/* webpackIgnore: true */ /* @vite-ignore */ '${module}')`;
+  } else {
+    expr = `require('${module}')`;
+  }
+  if (guard) {
+    return `ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE ? ${expr} : undefined`;
+  }
+  return expr;
+}
+
+function makeNodeFilePath(filename) {
+  assert(ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE, 'makeNodeFilePath called when environment can never be node');
+  if (EXPORT_ES6) {
+    return `new URL('${filename}', import.meta.url)`;
+  }
+  return `__dirname + '/${filename}'`;
+}
+
 function makeRemovedFSAssert(fsName) {
   assert(ASSERTIONS);
   const lower = fsName.toLowerCase();
@@ -1253,6 +1286,8 @@ addToCompileTimeContext({
   makeModuleReceive,
   makeModuleReceiveExpr,
   makeModuleReceiveWithVar,
+  makeNodeFilePath,
+  makeNodeImport,
   makeRemovedFSAssert,
   makeRetainedCompilerSettings,
   makeReturn64,

src/preamble.js

@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ function instantiateSync(file, info) {
   var binary = getBinarySync(file);
 #if NODE_CODE_CACHING
   if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-    var v8 = require('node:v8');
+    var v8 = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:v8', false) }}};
     // Include the V8 version in the cache name, so that we don't try to
     // load cached code from another version, which fails silently (it seems
     // to load ok, but we do actually recompile the binary every time).

src/runtime_debug.js

@@ -8,23 +8,24 @@
 var runtimeDebug = true; // Switch to false at runtime to disable logging at the right times
 
 // Used by XXXXX_DEBUG settings to output debug messages.
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
+// dbg_node_fs and dbg_node_utils are declared and initialized in shell.js
+// when node modules (fs/utils) become available.
+#endif
 function dbg(...args) {
   if (!runtimeDebug && typeof runtimeDebug != 'undefined') return;
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
   // Avoid using the console for debugging in multi-threaded node applications
   // See https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/14804
-  if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-    // TODO(sbc): Unify with err/out implementation in shell.sh.
-    var fs = require('node:fs');
-    var utils = require('node:util');
+  if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE && dbg_node_fs) {
     function stringify(a) {
       switch (typeof a) {
-        case 'object': return utils.inspect(a);
+        case 'object': return dbg_node_utils.inspect(a);
         case 'undefined': return 'undefined';
       }
       return a;
     }
-    fs.writeSync(2, args.map(stringify).join(' ') + '\n');
+    dbg_node_fs.writeSync(2, args.map(stringify).join(' ') + '\n');
   } else
 #endif
   // TODO(sbc): Make this configurable somehow.  Its not always convenient for

src/shell.js

@@ -104,18 +104,9 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_PTHREAD) {
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (EXPORT_ES6 || PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
+#if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-#if EXPORT_ES6
-  // When building an ES module `require` is not normally available.
-  // We need to use `createRequire()` to construct the require()` function.
-  const { createRequire } = await import('node:module');
-  /** @suppress{duplicate} */
-  var require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
-#endif
-
-#if PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS
-  var worker_threads = require('node:worker_threads');
+  var worker_threads = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:worker_threads', false) }}};
   globalThis.Worker = worker_threads.Worker;
   ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER = !worker_threads.isMainThread;
 #if PTHREADS
@@ -126,7 +117,6 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
 #if WASM_WORKERS
   ENVIRONMENT_IS_WASM_WORKER = ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER && worker_threads.workerData == 'em-ww'
 #endif
-#endif // PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS
 }
 #endif // ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (EXPORT_ES6 || PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
 
@@ -197,11 +187,13 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
 
   // These modules will usually be used on Node.js. Load them eagerly to avoid
   // the complexity of lazy-loading.
-  var fs = require('node:fs');
+  var fs = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:fs', false) }}};
 
 #if EXPORT_ES6
   if (_scriptName.startsWith('file:')) {
-    scriptDirectory = require('node:path').dirname(require('node:url').fileURLToPath(_scriptName)) + '/';
+    var nodePath = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:path', false) }}};
+    var nodeUrl = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:url', false) }}};
+    scriptDirectory = nodePath.dirname(nodeUrl.fileURLToPath(_scriptName)) + '/';
   }
 #else
   scriptDirectory = __dirname + '/';
@@ -346,10 +338,17 @@ if (!ENVIRONMENT_IS_AUDIO_WORKLET)
 var defaultPrint = console.log.bind(console);
 var defaultPrintErr = console.error.bind(console);
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-  var utils = require('node:util');
+  var utils = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:util', false) }}};
   var stringify = (a) => typeof a == 'object' ? utils.inspect(a) : a;
   defaultPrint = (...args) => fs.writeSync(1, args.map(stringify).join(' ') + '\n');
   defaultPrintErr = (...args) => fs.writeSync(2, args.map(stringify).join(' ') + '\n');
+#if (ASSERTIONS || RUNTIME_DEBUG || AUTODEBUG) && (PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
+  // Initialize the lazy-loaded node modules for dbg() now that fs/utils are
+  // available. Declared here (before runtime_debug.js) to avoid Closure
+  // Compiler's JSC_REFERENCE_BEFORE_DECLARE warning.
+  var dbg_node_fs = fs;
+  var dbg_node_utils = utils;
+#endif
 }
 {{{ makeModuleReceiveWithVar('out', 'print',    'defaultPrint') }}}
 {{{ makeModuleReceiveWithVar('err', 'printErr', 'defaultPrintErr') }}}

src/shell_minimal.js

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ var ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER = !!globalThis.WorkerGlobalScope;
 
 #if ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (PTHREADS || WASM_WORKERS)
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-  var worker_threads = require('node:worker_threads');
+  var worker_threads = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:worker_threads', false) }}};
   globalThis.Worker = worker_threads.Worker;
   ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER = !worker_threads.isMainThread;
 }
@@ -104,9 +104,14 @@ if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE && ENVIRONMENT_IS_SHELL) {
 var defaultPrint = console.log.bind(console);
 var defaultPrintErr = console.error.bind(console);
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-  var fs = require('node:fs');
+  var fs = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:fs', false) }}};
   defaultPrint = (...args) => fs.writeSync(1, args.join(' ') + '\n');
   defaultPrintErr = (...args) => fs.writeSync(2, args.join(' ') + '\n');
+#if (ASSERTIONS || RUNTIME_DEBUG || AUTODEBUG)
+  var utils = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:util', false) }}};
+  var dbg_node_fs = fs;
+  var dbg_node_utils = utils;
+#endif
 }
 var out = defaultPrint;
 var err = defaultPrintErr;
@@ -115,6 +120,16 @@ var out = (...args) => console.log(...args);
 var err = (...args) => console.error(...args);
 #endif
 
+#if !PTHREADS && WASM_WORKERS && ENVIRONMENT_MAY_BE_NODE && (ASSERTIONS || RUNTIME_DEBUG || AUTODEBUG)
+// Initialize dbg() node module references for WASM_WORKERS without PTHREADS.
+// (With PTHREADS these are set in the print setup block above.)
+var dbg_node_fs, dbg_node_utils;
+if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
+  dbg_node_fs = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:fs', false) }}};
+  dbg_node_utils = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:util', false) }}};
+}
+#endif
+
 // Override this function in a --pre-js file to get a signal for when
 // compilation is ready. In that callback, call the function run() to start
 // the program.
@@ -179,13 +194,13 @@ if (!ENVIRONMENT_IS_PTHREAD) {
 // Wasm or Wasm2JS loading:
 
 if (ENVIRONMENT_IS_NODE) {
-  var fs = require('node:fs');
+  var fs = {{{ makeNodeImport('node:fs', false) }}};
 #if WASM == 2
-  if (globalThis.WebAssembly) Module['wasm'] = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/{{{ TARGET_BASENAME }}}.wasm');
-  else eval(fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/{{{ TARGET_BASENAME }}}.wasm.js')+'');
+  if (globalThis.WebAssembly) Module['wasm'] = fs.readFileSync({{{ makeNodeFilePath(TARGET_BASENAME + '.wasm') }}});
+  else eval(fs.readFileSync({{{ makeNodeFilePath(TARGET_BASENAME + '.wasm.js') }}})+'');
 #else
 #if !WASM2JS
-  Module['wasm'] = fs.readFileSync(__dirname + '/{{{ TARGET_BASENAME }}}.wasm');
+  Module['wasm'] = fs.readFileSync({{{ makeNodeFilePath(TARGET_BASENAME + '.wasm') }}});
 #endif
 #endif
 }

test/common.py

@@ -664,6 +664,9 @@ def require_wasm2js(self):
     if self.get_setting('WASM_ESM_INTEGRATION'):
       self.skipTest('wasm2js is not compatible with WASM_ESM_INTEGRATION')
 
+  def is_esm(self):
+    return self.get_setting('EXPORT_ES6') or self.get_setting('WASM_ESM_INTEGRATION') or self.get_setting('MODULARIZE') == 'instance'
+
   def setup_nodefs_test(self):
     self.require_node()
     if self.get_setting('WASMFS'):

test/fs/test_nodefs_home.c

@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <emscripten.h>
 
+EM_JS_DEPS(deps, "$nodePath");
+
 int main(void)
 {
     EM_ASM(
-        var path = require("path");
         var home = process.env.HOME;
         // On Windows HOME environment variable doesn't exist, but concatenating HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH
         // does the same thing.
         if (!home) home = process.env.HOMEDRIVE + process.env.HOMEPATH;
-        var parent = path.dirname(home);
-        var relative = path.relative(parent, home);
+        var parent = nodePath.dirname(home);
+        var relative = nodePath.relative(parent, home);
         FS.mkdir('/nodefs_home');
         FS.mount(NODEFS, { root: parent }, '/nodefs_home');
         // Reading C:/Users/(username) on Windows, /home/(username) on Linux