Add a Dockerfile for building and running EBMC

This Dockerfile uses a two-stage build process similar to CBMC's Dockerfile:
the binary is compiled in the first stage and then copied into another container in the second stage.

The build step follows the instructions in COMPILING.md,
with the assumption that the submodule lib/cbmc has already been checked out locally.

Author: Po-Chun-Chien

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+FROM ubuntu:24.04 AS builder
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get upgrade -y
+RUN apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    g++ \
+    gcc \
+    flex \
+    bison \
+    make \
+    curl \
+    patch
+
+
+COPY . /app/ebmc
+WORKDIR /app/ebmc
+
+# This Dockerfile assumes the submodule lib/cbmc is already checked out.
+RUN make -j$(nproc) -C lib/cbmc/src minisat2-download
+RUN make -j$(nproc) -C src
+
+FROM ubuntu:24.04 AS runner
+COPY --from=builder /app/ebmc/src/ebmc/ebmc /usr/local/bin/
+ENTRYPOINT [ "ebmc" ]