Track scope for CTEs to fix ambiguous column bug

[mafredri]

While adding a simple EXISTS condition, I ran into an sqlc bug because it wasn't tracking scope for CTEs.

query.sql:11:20: column reference "owner_id" is ambiguous
query.sql:24:20: column "w_owner_id" does not exist
query.sql:38:20: column reference "owner_id" is ambiguous

The query could look something like this:

WITH cte AS (
	SELECT owner_id
	FROM table_with_owner_id
	WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM another_table_with_owner_id)
)
SELECT * FROM cte;

Test queries have been added that reproduce the bug.

Some of the existing testdata also had to be updated because the tracking got improved.

Go installable branch: https://github.com/coder/sqlc/tree/mafredri/fix-ambiguous-column.import

CGO_ENABLED=1 go install github.com/coder/sqlc/cmd/sqlc@aab4e865a51df0c43e1839f81a9d349b41d14f05

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This bug was initially solved via Coder Tasks (Claude Code), but the solution was messy and followed the "throw code at it until it works", as such it has been mostly rewritten.

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Upstream sqlc-dev#4159

[mafredri]

Review: Why didn't I just use this workaround?

Because the CTE wasn't indexed and as such, unknown column w_owner_id.