feat: add support to add and drop linux capabilities

e2e-tests/capabilities-add-drop-build.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package:
+  name: busybox
+  description: Capabilities add-drop feature test
+  version: 0.1.0
+  epoch: 0
+
+capabilities:
+  add:
+    - CAP_NET_ADMIN
+  drop:
+    - CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+    - CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+environment:
+  contents:
+    packages:
+      - busybox
+      - cmd:capsh
+
+pipeline:
+  - name: Test default effective capability
+    runs: |
+      capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -i cap_dac_override
+
+  - name: Test added non-default effective capability
+    runs: |
+      capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -i cap_net_admin
+
+  - name: Test dropped default effective capability
+    runs: |
+      capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -vi cap_sys_chroot

e2e-tests/capabilities-add-drop-nopkg-test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package:
+  name: busybox
+  description: Capabilities add-drop feature test
+  version: 0.1.0
+  epoch: 0
+
+capabilities:
+  add:
+    - CAP_NET_ADMIN
+  drop:
+    - CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+    - CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+pipeline:
+
+test:
+  environment:
+    contents:
+      packages:
+        - busybox
+        - cmd:capsh
+  pipeline:
+    - name: Test default effective capability
+      runs: |
+        capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -i cap_dac_override
+
+    - name: Test added non-default effective capability
+      runs: |
+        capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -i cap_net_admin
+
+    - name: Test dropped default effective capability
+      runs: |
+        capsh --decode=$(grep CapEff /proc/self/status | cut -d ':' -f2 | xargs) | grep -vi cap_sys_chroot

examples/capabilities-add-drop.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package:
+  name: busybox
+  version: 0.1.0
+  epoch: 0
+
+capabilities:
+  add:
+    - CAP_NET_ADMIN
+  drop:
+    - CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+pipeline:
+  # Here your build pipeline.
+  # Capabilities are added/dropped to both build and test pipelines.
+
+test:
+  environment:
+    contents:
+      packages:
+        - busybox
+        - iproute2
+  pipeline:
+    # Note: you can't do it with bubblewrap runner,
+    # as it shares the host network namespace.
+    - name: Simulate a test attempting to create network interfaces
+      runs: |
+        ip link add dev myinterface type dummy

go.mod

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
 	github.com/kubescape/go-git-url v0.0.30
+	github.com/moby/moby v27.4.0+incompatible
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0
 	github.com/package-url/packageurl-go v0.1.3
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
@@ -93,6 +94,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240905190251-b4127c9b8d78 // indirect
 	github.com/common-nighthawk/go-figure v0.0.0-20210622060536-734e95fb86be // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.2 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/cyberphone/json-canonicalization v0.0.0-20231217050601-ba74d44ecf5f // indirect

go.sum

@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240905190251-b4127c9b8d78 h1:QVw89YDxXxEe+l8gU8E
 github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240905190251-b4127c9b8d78/go.mod h1:W+zGtBO5Y1IgJhy4+A9GOqVhqLpfZi+vwmdNXUehLA8=
 github.com/common-nighthawk/go-figure v0.0.0-20210622060536-734e95fb86be h1:J5BL2kskAlV9ckgEsNQXscjIaLiOYiZ75d4e94E6dcQ=
 github.com/common-nighthawk/go-figure v0.0.0-20210622060536-734e95fb86be/go.mod h1:mk5IQ+Y0ZeO87b858TlA645sVcEcbiX6YqP98kt+7+w=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24 h1:zxszGrGjrra1yYJW/6rhm9cJ1ZQ8rkKBR48brqsa7nA=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.24/go.mod h1:7QUzfURqZWCZV7RLNEn1XjUCQLEf0bkaK4GjUaZehxw=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter/estargz v0.16.2 h1:DMcqm1rd1ak2hFghkyHlquacSo+zRe+cysRR3CmSpGk=
@@ -349,6 +351,8 @@ github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 h1:jeMsZIYE/09sWLaz43PL7Gy6RuMjD2eJVyua
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0/go.mod h1:bFUtVrKA4DC2yAKiSyO/QUcy7e+RRV2QTWOzhPopBRo=
 github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 h1:jMKff3w6PgbfSa69GfNg+zN/XLhfXJGnEx3Nl2EsFP0=
 github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1/go.mod h1:eKmb5VW8vQEh/BAr2yvVNvuiJuY6UIocYsFu/DxxRpo=
+github.com/moby/moby v27.4.0+incompatible h1:jGXXZCMAmFZS9pKsQqUt9yAPHOC450PM9lbQYPSQnuc=
+github.com/moby/moby v27.4.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:fDXVQ6+S340veQPv35CzDahGBmHsiclFwfEygB/TWMc=
 github.com/moby/term v0.5.0 h1:xt8Q1nalod/v7BqbG21f8mQPqH+xAaC9C3N3wfWbVP0=
 github.com/moby/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:8FzsFHVUBGZdbDsJw/ot+X+d5HLUbvklYLJ9uGfcI3Y=
 github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 h1:nP9CBfwrvYnBRgY6qfDQkygYDmYwOilePFkwzv4dU8A=

pkg/build/build.go

@@ -1175,6 +1175,12 @@ func (b *Build) buildWorkspaceConfig(ctx context.Context) *container.Config {
 		cfg.Memory = b.Configuration.Package.Resources.Memory
 		cfg.Disk = b.Configuration.Package.Resources.Disk
 	}
+	if b.Configuration.Capabilities.Add != nil {
+		cfg.Capabilities.Add = b.Configuration.Capabilities.Add
+	}
+	if b.Configuration.Capabilities.Drop != nil {
+		cfg.Capabilities.Drop = b.Configuration.Capabilities.Drop
+	}
 
 	for k, v := range b.Configuration.Environment.Environment {
 		cfg.Environment[k] = v

pkg/build/test.go

@@ -574,6 +574,12 @@ func (t *Test) buildWorkspaceConfig(ctx context.Context, imgRef, pkgName string,
 		Environment:  map[string]string{},
 		RunAs:        imgcfg.Accounts.RunAs,
 	}
+	if t.Configuration.Capabilities.Add != nil {
+		cfg.Capabilities.Add = t.Configuration.Capabilities.Add
+	}
+	if t.Configuration.Capabilities.Drop != nil {
+		cfg.Capabilities.Drop = t.Configuration.Capabilities.Drop
+	}
 
 	for k, v := range imgcfg.Environment {
 		cfg.Environment[k] = v

pkg/config/config.go

@@ -595,12 +595,23 @@ type Input struct {
 	Required bool `json:"required,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// The root melange configuration
+// Capabilities is the configuration for Linux capabilities for the runner.
+type Capabilities struct {
+	// Linux process capabilities to add to the pipeline container.
+	Add []string `json:"add,omitempty" yaml:"add,omitempty"`
+	// Linux process capabilities to drop from the pipeline container.
+	Drop []string `json:"drop,omitempty" yaml:"drop,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Configuration is the root melange configuration.
 type Configuration struct {
 	// Package metadata
 	Package Package `json:"package" yaml:"package"`
 	// The specification for the packages build environment
 	Environment apko_types.ImageConfiguration `json:"environment" yaml:"environment"`
+	// Optional: Linux capabilities configuration to apply to the melange runner.
+	Capabilities Capabilities `json:"capabilities,omitempty" yaml:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+
 	// Required: The list of pipelines that produce the package.
 	Pipeline []Pipeline `json:"pipeline,omitempty" yaml:"pipeline,omitempty"`
 	// Optional: The list of subpackages that this package also produces.

pkg/container/bubblewrap_runner.go

@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"chainguard.dev/melange/internal/logwriter"
+
 	apko_build "chainguard.dev/apko/pkg/build"
 	apko_types "chainguard.dev/apko/pkg/build/types"
-	"chainguard.dev/melange/internal/logwriter"
 	"github.com/chainguard-dev/clog"
 	v1 "github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/v1"
+	moby "github.com/moby/moby/oci/caps"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 )
 
@@ -126,6 +128,23 @@ func (bw *bubblewrap) cmd(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config, debug bool, envOverr
 		baseargs = append(baseargs, "--gid", buildUserID)
 	}
 
+	// Add Docker runner-parity kernel capabilities to the container.
+	for _, c := range moby.DefaultCapabilities() {
+		baseargs = append(baseargs, "--cap-add", c)
+	}
+	// Add additional process kernel capabilities to the container as configured.
+	if cfg.Capabilities.Add != nil {
+		for _, c := range cfg.Capabilities.Add {
+			baseargs = append(baseargs, "--cap-add", c)
+		}
+	}
+	// Drop process kernel capabilities from the container as configured.
+	if cfg.Capabilities.Drop != nil {
+		for _, c := range cfg.Capabilities.Drop {
+			baseargs = append(baseargs, "--cap-drop", c)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if !debug {
 		// This flag breaks job control, which we only care about for --interactive debugging.
 		// So we usually include it, but if we're about to debug, don't set it.

pkg/container/config.go

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ type BindMount struct {
 
 type Capabilities struct {
 	Networking bool
+	Add        []string // List of kernel capabilities to add to the container.
+	Drop       []string // List of kernel capabilities to drop from the container.
 }
 
 type Config struct {

pkg/container/docker/docker_runner.go

@@ -99,6 +99,14 @@ func (dk *docker) StartPod(ctx context.Context, cfg *mcontainer.Config) error {
 	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
 		Mounts: mounts,
 	}
+	// Add process kernel capabilities to the container if configured.
+	if len(cfg.Capabilities.Add) > 0 {
+		hostConfig.CapAdd = cfg.Capabilities.Add
+	}
+	// Drop process kernel capabilities from the container if configured.
+	if len(cfg.Capabilities.Drop) > 0 {
+		hostConfig.CapDrop = cfg.Capabilities.Drop
+	}
 
 	platform := &image_spec.Platform{
 		Architecture: cfg.Arch.String(),