MINOR: [Docs] Add note to Windows docs about patch util

[amoeba]

Rationale for this change

For certain C++ build configurations, we require patch to be in the user's PATH. This was introduced in e1f727c and a Discussion pointed this out. For Linux and macOS, it's pretty reasonable for us to assume patch is available but not on Windows.

What changes are included in this PR?

Adds a note in the "Debug" section of the Windows docs.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, I'll add a screenshot to make review easier.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

[github-actions]

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Then could you also rename the pull request title in the following format?

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See also:

• Other pull requests
• Contribution Guidelines - Contributing Overview

[amoeba]

Build and previewed locally, here's how this looks:

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 52704cb.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 49 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.