Add build-images workflow triggering for provider branches (#45167)

.github/workflows/build-images.yml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ on:  # yamllint disable-line rule:truthy
       - main
       - v2-10-stable
       - v2-10-test
+      - providers-[a-z]+-?[a-z]*/v[0-9]+-[0-9]+
 permissions:
   # all other permissions are set to none
   contents: read