fix: skip AutoGraph verbose-logging calls when verbosity is disabled

[rmshaffer]

Issue #, if available:

Description of changes:

Short-circuits AutoGraph's verbose-logging call sites when verbosity is off, avoiding the cost of formatting log messages that would be discarded. Improves performance of @aq.main compilation of larger programs by roughly 10%, where unnecessary logging was happening on every single transformation.

Includes another unrelated performance optimization to cache the results of get_args(QubitIdentifierType).

Testing done:

Merge Checklist

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base (d143092) to head (a4f0534).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##              main      #107   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage   100.00%   100.00%           
=========================================
  Files           50        50           
  Lines         2161      2163    +2     
  Branches       251       250    -1     
=========================================
+ Hits          2161      2163    +2     

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