[CLIENT-3167] Add option to validate keys for metadata dictionary

[juliannguyen4]

Extra Changes

• remove_bin(): fix bug where passing an invalid metadata dictionary as an argument does not raise an exception
• remove_bin(): fix bug when metadata dictionary is not set, set to None, or set to a dictionary without a "ttl" key, the command-level write policy's ttl does not get used, or the client-level write policy's ttl if the command-level policy is not set
• put(): remove unnecessary as_record_init
• put(): fix potential memory leaks when an invalid type is passed as a bin name, or when the bin name is longer than the maximum 15 chars limit

https://aerospike-python-client--850.org.readthedocs.build/en/850/aerospike.html#:~:text=validate_keys,-(bool

TODO:

• docs for metadata dictionary not specific enough
• test

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 79.24528% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 82.39%. Comparing base (34c2e3f) to head (ac4ff3d).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/conversions.c	74.41%	11 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #850      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   82.35%   82.39%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files          99       99              
  Lines       14379    14358      -21     
==========================================
- Hits        11842    11830      -12     
+ Misses       2537     2528       -9     

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