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# CAP Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File

If sensitive information is written to a log entry using the CAP Node.js logging API, a malicious user may be able to gain access to user data.

Data that may expose system information such as full path names, system information, usernames and passwords should not be logged.

## Recommendation

CAP applications should not log sensitive information.
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I think it'd be great to add some examples of sensitive information and ways to mitigate it.


## Examples

This CAP service directly logs the sensitive information.
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Can you add more details to how this vulnerability can be exploited?


``` javascript
import cds from '@sap/cds'
const LOG = cds.log("logger");

class SampleVulnService extends cds.ApplicationService {
init() {
LOG.info(`[INFO] Environment: ${JSON.stringify(process.env)}`); // CAP log exposure alert
}
}
```

## References

- OWASP 2021: [Security Logging and Monitoring Failures](https://owasp.org/Top10/A09_2021-Security_Logging_and_Monitoring_Failures/).
- OWASP: [Logging Cheat Sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Logging_Cheat_Sheet.html).
- OWASP: [User Privacy Protection Cheat Sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/User_Privacy_Protection_Cheat_Sheet.html).
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/**
* @name Insertion of sensitive information into log files
* @description Writing heuristically sensitive information to log files can allow that
* information to be leaked to an attacker more easily.
* @kind path-problem
* @problem.severity warning
* @security-severity 7.5
* @precision low
* @id js/cap-sensitive-log-heurisitic-source
* @tags security
* external/cwe/cwe-532
*/

import javascript
import advanced_security.javascript.frameworks.cap.CDS
import advanced_security.javascript.frameworks.cap.CAPLogInjectionQuery
private import semmle.javascript.security.dataflow.CleartextLoggingCustomizations::CleartextLogging as CleartextLogging
import DataFlow::PathGraph

class SensitiveLogExposureConfig extends TaintTracking::Configuration {
SensitiveLogExposureConfig() { this = "SensitiveLogExposure" }

override predicate isSource(DataFlow::Node source) { source instanceof CleartextLogging::Source }

override predicate isSink(DataFlow::Node sink) { sink instanceof CdsLogSink }
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@jeongsoolee09 jeongsoolee09 Aug 1, 2025

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Add an appropriate sanitizer definition (either from CAP or predefined) and add a test case that uses such sanitizer.

}

from SensitiveLogExposureConfig config, DataFlow::PathNode source, DataFlow::PathNode sink
where config.hasFlowPath(source, sink)
select sink, source, sink, "This logs sensitive data returned by $@ as clear text.",
source.getNode(), source.getNode().(CleartextLogging::Source).describe()
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WARNING: module 'PathGraph' has been deprecated and may be removed in future (SensitiveExposureHeuristicSource.ql:18,8-27)
WARNING: type 'Configuration' has been deprecated and may be removed in future (SensitiveExposureHeuristicSource.ql:20,42-70)
WARNING: type 'PathNode' has been deprecated and may be removed in future (SensitiveExposureHeuristicSource.ql:28,41-59)
WARNING: type 'PathNode' has been deprecated and may be removed in future (SensitiveExposureHeuristicSource.ql:28,68-86)
nodes
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:41:6:67 | JSON.st ... ss.env) |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env |
edges
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:41:6:67 | JSON.st ... ss.env) | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:41:6:67 | JSON.st ... ss.env) | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:41:6:67 | JSON.st ... ss.env) |
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:41:6:67 | JSON.st ... ss.env) |
#select
| sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:18:6:69 | `[INFO] ... .env)}` | This logs sensitive data returned by $@ as clear text. | sensitive-exposure-heuristic-source.js:6:56:6:66 | process.env | process environment |
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import cds from '@sap/cds'
const LOG = cds.log("logger");

class SampleVulnService extends cds.ApplicationService {
init() {
LOG.info(`[INFO] Environment: ${JSON.stringify(process.env)}`); // CAP log exposure alert
}
}
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sensitive-exposure/SensitiveExposureHeuristicSource.ql