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Try using popover API for image lightbox #68726

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@felixarntz felixarntz commented Jan 16, 2025

This PR explores using the popover API for the image lightbox as well as related animation capabilities, in order to improve accessibility and simplify the implementation.

Benefits:

  • Accessibility out of the box, e.g. based on popovertarget attribute used on both the button to open the lightbox and the button to close it (see https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aam-1.0/#att-popovertarget).
  • Open/closed state out of the box, via popover and popovertarget attributes, which allows removing some now unnecessary event listeners.
    • The tabindex="-1" is now no longer necessary on the lightbox container element as it cannot be focused unless open anyways.
  • Better semantics by wrapping the img element itself with a button, as the image itself can be clicked to open the lightbox.
    • What was previously the button is now simply a visual indicator that the image can be clicked to open a lightbox, within the actual button.
    • That visual indicator now uses aria-hidden="true" because for screen readers it's not helpful, since the button itself already provides the information about the possible interaction.
  • Appears in top-level, which allows to remove all the z-index hacks (top-level is higher than any z-index can be).
  • Automatically includes a ::backdrop pseudo element that can be styled, which allows removing the semantically pointless div.scrim element.
  • Pressing Escape automatically closes the lightbox.
  • Uses the transition CSS property on the [popover] element and its ::backdrop in combination with special overlay property and the allow-discrete value to keep the elements in the DOM after closure until the animation is completed, avoiding the need for the previous workaround with the show-closing-animation extra class.

I have tested and compared this in depth with the original behavior, both with and without the (hard-coded) zoom class on the lightbox container (which based on its presence will lead to different animation behavior). From what I can tell, everything is working as expected. Of course further testing is much appreciated.

Learn more:

Previous related experiment is #68725, which however is not as suitable for an approach.

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github-actions bot commented Jan 16, 2025

Size Change: +161 B (+0.01%)

Total Size: 1.84 MB

Filename Size Change
build-module/block-library/image/view.min.js 1.86 kB +91 B (+5.13%) 🔍
build/block-library/blocks/image/style-rtl.css 1.62 kB +17 B (+1.06%)
build/block-library/blocks/image/style.css 1.61 kB +17 B (+1.07%)
build/block-library/style-rtl.css 15 kB +17 B (+0.11%)
build/block-library/style.css 15 kB +19 B (+0.13%)
ℹ️ View Unchanged
Filename Size
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build/react-refresh-runtime/index.min.js 6.76 kB
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build/reusable-blocks/index.min.js 2.55 kB
build/reusable-blocks/style-rtl.css 256 B
build/reusable-blocks/style.css 256 B
build/rich-text/index.min.js 10.3 kB
build/router/index.min.js 5.42 kB
build/server-side-render/index.min.js 1.94 kB
build/shortcode/index.min.js 1.4 kB
build/style-engine/index.min.js 2.04 kB
build/token-list/index.min.js 581 B
build/url/index.min.js 3.9 kB
build/vendors/react-dom.min.js 41.7 kB
build/vendors/react-jsx-runtime.min.js 556 B
build/vendors/react.min.js 4.02 kB
build/viewport/index.min.js 965 B
build/vips/index.min.js 36.2 kB
build/warning/index.min.js 250 B
build/widgets/index.min.js 7.16 kB
build/widgets/style-rtl.css 1.16 kB
build/widgets/style.css 1.16 kB
build/wordcount/index.min.js 1.03 kB

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github-actions bot commented Jan 17, 2025

Flaky tests detected in 43f3bb7.
Some tests passed with failed attempts. The failures may not be related to this commit but are still reported for visibility. See the documentation for more information.

🔍 Workflow run URL: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/actions/runs/12939977013
📝 Reported issues:

@westonruter
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  • Image cannot use popovertarget attribute, so requires a manual data-wp-on--click to open the lightbox.

Why, because of Kses?

@felixarntz
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Why, because of Kses?

It looks like popovertarget can only be used on buttons, or "button-like" elements. For instance, I saw this mentioned in https://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_popovertarget.asp:

The popovertarget only works when type="button".

I tried adding it to the img element, even adding type="button" to it (which I don't think is actually possible), but it didn't work. So I'll research further, but it may currently not be possible.

@westonruter
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Thanks for clarifying that. Then what if the BUTTON.lightbox-trigger wrapped the IMG image so that the SVG is a sibling of the IMG instead? It seems the child SVG element for displaying the lightbox click hint could then be positioned to the top-right, rather than positioning the entire BUTTON up there.

Aside: I just found that Modern Image Formats prevents that button from ever being visible on hover when Picture Element is enabled. This is because of this CSS rule (source):

.wp-lightbox-container img:hover+button {
    opacity: 1;
}

That rule would not be necessary if the BUTTON.lightbox-trigger wrapped the IMG, since hovering over the button could always then cause the SVG to be revealed:

.wp-lightbox-container button.lightbox-trigger:hover > SVG {
    opacity: 1;
}

@felixarntz
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Thanks for clarifying that. Then what if the BUTTON.lightbox-trigger wrapped the IMG image so that the SVG is a sibling of the IMG instead? It seems the child SVG element for displaying the lightbox click hint could then be positioned to the top-right, rather than positioning the entire BUTTON up there.

That might work, but would like to explore other options first to try to make minimal markup changes. That said, can you have an img in a button? 🤔

Aside: I just found that Modern Image Formats prevents that button from ever being visible on hover when Picture Element is enabled. This is because of this CSS rule (source):

That's a good catch. Can you report this in a new issue? cc @adamsilverstein

@westonruter
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westonruter commented Jan 17, 2025

That said, can you have an img in a button? 🤔

Yes, that's totally fine: https://g.co/gemini/share/23ec98c2b90d

Example with popover: https://codepen.io/westonruter/pen/NPKBdLd

That's a good catch. Can you report this in a new issue?

Here you go: WordPress/performance#1805

@adamsilverstein
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  • Image cannot use popovertarget attribute, so requires a manual data-wp-on--click to open the lightbox.

Why, because of Kses?

related: WordPress/wordpress-develop#8133

@Mamaduka
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@felixarntz, is there a tracking issue for these improvements?

@felixarntz
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No, since they are purely explorations at this point. If something seems worthwhile doing, I would open one.

If anything, we could open an issue to encompass these different explorations so that they're linked in one place if that's helpful.

@felixarntz
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I made some good progress here and was able to figure out and address the remaining quirks from before. I updated the PR description with all relevant context. All behaviors and animations should now work like they did before, but using a more browser native approach with certain accessibility best practices automatically baked in.

$button =
$img[0]
. '<button
class="lightbox-trigger"
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maybe worth checking if anything in Gutenberg or other plugins references this class before removing it.

* If this handler is triggered due to a click on the close button, it should be ignored as that
* button automatically hides the lightbox via `popovertarget` and `popovertargetaction`.
*/
if ( event?.target?.tagName === 'BUTTON' ) {
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isn't the entire image a button now? does this bit still work/is it still needed?

@@ -136,10 +164,6 @@ const { state, actions, callbacks } = store(
const { ref } = getElement();
ref.querySelector( 'button' ).focus();
}
// Closes the lightbox when the user presses the escape key.
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very cool that this can be removed!

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4 participants