[FEATURE]: Add Basic Prefix Sum Algorithm with Tests #1783

[Virus2hell]

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Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new JavaScript files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames should use the UpperCamelCase (PascalCase) style. There should be no spaces in filenames.
  Example:UserProfile.js is allowed but userprofile.js,Userprofile.js,user-Profile.js,userProfile.js are not
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #1783 .

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 85.94%. Comparing base (08d8c6b) to head (d051955).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1799      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.91%   85.94%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         379      380       +1     
  Lines       19778    19808      +30     
  Branches     3015     3021       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits        16993    17023      +30     
  Misses       2785     2785              

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