feat(math): add palindrome number checker using standard headers

[siddharthhkk]

… headers

Description of Change

Checklist

• Added description of change
• File name matches File name guidelines
• Added tests and example, test must pass
• Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational
• Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes:

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