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Introduction

This document holds all the API detail of the libnmstate Python module. For quick start, you may refer to Python code examples

The libnmstate package exposes the following API::

Query network state

Example of querying network state:

import json
import libnmstate
from libnmstate.schema import Interface

net_state = libnmstate.show()
for iface_state in net_state[Interface.KEY]:
    print(iface_state[Interface.NAME])

Apply network state

Nmstate supports partial editing, only the specified data is changed, the unspecified data is preserved/untouched. Some properties(e.g. InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS ) do not support partial editing, please refer to their document for detail.

Example of changing eth1 MTU to 1460:

import libnmstate
from libnmstate.schema import Interface

libnmstate.apply({
    Interface.KEY: [
        {
            Interface.NAME: 'eth1',
            Interface.MTU: 1460
        }
    ]
})

Change Network State with Manual Transaction Control

Error handling

NmstateError

All the exceptions are stored in libnmstate.error and are all is inherited from NmstateError.

NmstateDependencyError

Nmstate requires external tools installed and/or started for desired state.

NmstateValueError

Exception happens at pre-apply check, user should resubmit the amended desired state. Example: * JSON/YAML syntax issue. * Nmstate schema issue. * Invalid value of desired property, like bond missing slave.

NmstatePermissionError

Permission deny when applying the desired state.

NmstateConflictError

An existing Nmstate transaction is in progress.

NmstateLibnmError

Exception for unexpected NetworkManager libnm failure.

NmstateVerificationError

After applied desired state, the desired state does not match the refreshed current state.

NmstateNotImplementedError

Desired feature is not supported by Nmstate yet.

NmstateInternalError

Unexpected behaviour happened. It is a bug of libnmstate which should be fixed.

Schema

The YAML schema file is placed at libnmstate/schemas/operational-state.yaml.

In stead of using hard coded string, please use constants defined in libnmstate.schmea.

Limitations

Please refer to limitations in code base

Network State Main layout

The network state is represented in a dictionary:

from libnmstate.schema import Interface
from libnmstate.schema import Route
from libnmstate.schema import DNS

network_state = {
    DNS.KEY: {},            # Check section of 'DNS'
    Route.KEY: {},          # Check section of 'Route'
    Interface.KEY: [],      # Check section of 'Interface -- Basic'
}

Basic Interface

An interface represents a hardware or software network interface. Each interface has these basic properties represented as a dictionary.

Basic Interface: Example

{
    Interface.NAME: 'eth1',
    Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
    Interface.TYPE: InterfaceType.ETHERNET,
    Interface.IPV4: {
        InterfaceIPv4.ENABLED: True,
        InterfaceIPv4.DHCP: False,
        InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS: [
            {
                InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_IP: '192.0.2.251',
                InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_PREFIX_LENGTH: 24,
            }
        ],
    },
    Interface.IPV6: {
        InterfaceIPv6.ENABLED: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.DHCP: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTOCONF: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_DNS: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_GATEWAY: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_ROUTES: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS: [],
    }
}

Interface.NAME

The kernel name of the interface.

Type: string

Interface.TYPE

The interface type.

Type: string

Possible values:

  • InterfaceType.ETHERNET
  • InterfaceType.BOND
  • InterfaceType.LINUX_BRIDGE
  • InterfaceType.OVS_BRIDGE
  • InterfaceType.OVS_PORT
  • InterfaceType.OVS_INTERFACE
  • InterfaceType.VLAN
  • InterfaceType.VXLAN

Interface.STATE

The interface state.

Type: string

Possible values:

  • InterfaceState.UP

    Bring interface link up.

  • InterfaceState.DOWN

    Remove interface. Might change to bring interface link down in future release.

  • InterfaceState.ABSENT

    Remove interface.

Interface.MTU

The maximum transmission unit of interface.

Type: interger

Interface.MAC_ADDRESS

The MAC address of interface.

Type: String in the format of EA:60:E4:08:17:F1. Case insensitive.

InterfaceIP

The InterfaceIP class is holding the share constants between InterfaceIPv4 and InterfaceIPv6:

  • InterfaceIP.ENABLED
  • InterfaceIP.DHCP
  • InterfaceIP.AUTO_DNS
  • InterfaceIP.AUTO_GATEWAY
  • InterfaceIP.AUTO_ROUTES
  • InterfaceIP.ADDRESS
  • InterfaceIP.ADDRESS_IP
  • InterfaceIP.ADDRESS_PREFIX_LENGTH

Interface.IPV4

The Interface.IPV4 property holds the IPv4 stack information in a dictionary.

Example:

{
    Interface.IPV4: {
        InterfaceIPv4.ENABLED: True,
        InterfaceIPv4.DHCP: True,
        InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS: [],
        InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_DNS: True,
        InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_GATEWAY: True,
        InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_ROUTES: True,
    }
}

InterfaceIPv4.ENABLED

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - IPv4 stack is enabled.

  • False - IPv4 stack is disabled.

When applying network state with IPv4 disabled, all the remaining IPv4 configurations are ignored.

When showing the network state, if IPv4 is disabled, all the remaining properties are excluded in returned network state.

InterfaceIPv4.DHCP

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - DHCPv4 is enabled.

  • False - DHCPv4 is disabled.

InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_ROUTES

Type: bool

Possible values:

This property only shows when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is True when querying.

This property is ignored when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is False when applying.

InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_GATEWAY

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - Apply gateway retrieved from DHCPv4.

  • False - Ignore gateway retrieved from DHCPv4.

This property only shows when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is True when querying.

This property is ignored when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is False when applying.

InterfaceIPv4.AUTO_DNS

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True

    Apply gateway retrieved from DHCPv4.

  • False

    Ignore gateway retrieved from DHCPv4.

This property only shows when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is True when querying.

This property is ignored when Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is False when applying.

InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS

The static IPv4 addresses. This property does not support partial editing, the full list of IP addresses is required in desired state.

Type: array of dictionary.

When Interface.IPV4[InterfaceIPv4.DHCP] is set to True, the address defined in this property is also ignored.

Example:

InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS: [
    {
        InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_IP: '192.0.2.251',
        InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_PREFIX_LENGTH: 24,
    }
]

InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_IP

The static IPv4 address.

Type: string

Format: 192.0.2.251

InterfaceIPv4.ADDRESS_PREFIX_LENGTH

The prefix length of static IPv4 address.

Type: interger.

Interface.IPV6

The Interface.IPV6 property holds the IPv6 stack information in a dictionary.

Example:

{
    Interface.IPV6: {
        InterfaceIPv6.ENABLED: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.DHCP: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS: [],
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_DNS: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_GATEWAY: True,
        InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_ROUTES: True,
    }
}

InterfaceIPv6.ENABLED

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - IPv6 stack is enabled.

  • False - IPv6 stack is disabled.

When applying network state with IPv6 disabled, all the remaining IPv6 configurations are ignored.

When showing network state, if IPv6 is disabled, all the remaining properties are excluded in the returned network state.

InterfaceIPv6.DHCP

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - DHCPv6 is enabled.
  • False - DHCPv6 is disabled.

InterfaceIPv6.AUTOCONF

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - Auto configuration(IPv6 router advertisement) is enabled.
  • False - Auto configuration(IPv6 router advertisement) is disabled.

InterfaceIPv6.AUTO_ROUTES

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True

    Apply routes(including gateway) retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement.

  • False

    Ignore routes(including gateway) retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement.

InterfaceIPv6.IGNORE_GATEWAY

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True - Apply gateway retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement.

  • False - Ignore gateway retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement.

InterfaceIPv6.IGNORE_DNS

Type: bool

Possible values:

  • True

    Apply DNS client configuration retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement and DHCPv6.

  • False

    Ignore DNS client configuration retrieved from IPv6 router advertisement and DHCPv6.

InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS

The static IPv6 addresses. This property does not support partial editing, the full list of IP addresses is required in desired state.

Type: array of dictionary.

When Interface.IPV6[InterfaceIPv6.DHCP] or Interface.IPV6[InterfaceIPv6.AUTOCONF] is set to True, the address defined in this property is also ignored.

Example:

InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS: [
    {
        InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS_IP: '2001:db8:1::f',
        InterfaceIPv6.ADDRESS_PREFIX_LENGTH: 64,
    }
]

Ethernet

Besides basic interface properties, each Ethernet interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key Ethernet.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

For virtual interface like virtio_net or veth, there is no Ethernet.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [
        {
            Interface.NAME: "eth1",
            Interface.TYPE: InterfaceType.ETHERNET,
            Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
            Ethernet.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
                Ethernet.AUTO_NEGOTIATION: True,
                Ethernet.DUPLEX: Ethernet.FULL_DUPLEX,
                Ethernet.SPEED: 1000
            }
        }
    ]
}

Ethernet.AUTO_NEGOTIATION

Type: bool

When TRUE, enforce auto-negotiation of speed and duplex mode. If Ethernet.SPEED and Ethernet.DUPLEX properties are both specified, only that single mode is advertised and accepted during the link auto-negotiation process: this works only for BASE-T 802.3 specifications and is useful for enforcing gigabits modes, as in these cases link negotiation is mandatory. When FALSE, Ethernet.SPEED and Ethernet.DUPLEX properties should be both set or link configuration is skipped.

Ethernet.DUPLEX

Type: string, Ethernet.FULL_DUPLEX or Ethernet.HALF_DUPLEX.

Ethernet duplex mode.

Ethernet.SPEED

Type: integer

Ethernet speed in the unit of Mbps.

Ethernet.SRIOV_SUBTREE

If the ethernet interface supports SR-IOV, the Ethernet.SRIOV_SUBTREE dictionary allows to configure it. Nmstate supports the following options:

Ethernet.SRIOV.TOTAL_VFS

Type: integer

Total number of Virtual Functions per Physical Function. Changing the total VFs will also change the interfaces that are visible in the Nmstate state. Reducing the total VFs without setting Interface.STATE to InterfaceState.ABSENT for the corresponding interfaces might lead to an undefined system state or error.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [
	{
		Interface.NAME: "eth1",
		Interface.TYPE: InterfaceType.ETHERNET,
		Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
		Ethernet.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
			Ethernet.SRIOV_SUBTREE: {
				Ethernet.SRIOV.TOTAL_VFS: 3
			}
		}
	}
    ]
}

VLAN

Besides basic interface properties, each VLAN interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key VLAN.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [
        {
            Interface.NAME: "eth1.101",
            Interface.TYPE: VLAN.TYPE,
            Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
            VLAN.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
                VLAN.ID: 101,
                VLAN.BASE_IFACE: 'eth1'
            }
        }
    ]
}

VLAN.ID

Type: integer

The VLAN ID.

To change VLAN ID, please use InterfaceState.ABSENT for existing one and add new one after that.

VLAN.BASE_IFACE

Type: string

The interface name which current VLAN is based on.

VXLAN

Besides basic interface properties, each VXLAN interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key VXLAN.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [{
        Interface.NAME: 'eth1.101',
        Interface.TYPE: VXLAN.TYPE,
        Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
        VXLAN.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
            VXLAN.ID: 101,
            VXLAN.BASE_IFACE: 'eth1',
            VXLAN.REMOTE: '192.0.2.2',
            VXLAN.DESTINATION_PORT: 4790 # optional
        }
    }]
}

VXLAN.ID

Type: integer

The VXLAN ID.

To change the VXLAN ID, please remove the interface first by setting the state to InterfaceState.ABSENT and then add a new one.

VXLAN.BASE_IFACE

Type: string

The name of the underlying interface for the VXLAN.

VXLAN.REMOTE

Type: string

The unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets when the destination link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device forwarding database, or the multicast IP address to join.

VXLAN.DESTINATION_PORT

Type: integer

The UDP destination port to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint. Default: 4789

Linux Bridge

Besides basic interface properties, each Linux Bridge interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key LinuxBridge.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [{
        Interface.NAME: "linux-br0",
        Interface.TYPE: LinuxBridge.TYPE,
        Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
        LinuxBridge.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
            LinuxBridge.OPTIONS_SUBTREE: {
                LinuxBridge.Options.GROUP_FORWARD_MASK: 0,
                LinuxBridge.Options.MAC_AGEING_TIME: 300,
                LinuxBridge.Options.MULTICAST_SNOOPING: True,
                LinuxBridge.STP_SUBTREE: {
                    LinuxBridge.STP.ENABLED: True,
                    LinuxBridge.STP.FORWARD_DELAY: 15,
                    LinuxBridge.STP.HELLO_TIME: 2,
                    LinuxBridge.STP.MAX_AGE: 20,
                    LinuxBridge.STP.PRIORITY: 32768
                }
            },
            LinuxBridge.PORT_SUBTREE: [
                {
                    LinuxBridge.Port.NAME: "eth1",
                    LinuxBridge.Port.STP_PRIORITY: 32,
                    LinuxBridge.Port.STP_HAIRPIN_MODE: False,
                    LinuxBridge.Port.STP_PATH_COST: 100
                }
            ]
        }
    }]
}

LinuxBridge.Options.GROUP_FORWARD_MASK

Type: integer

The mask of group address to forward.

LinuxBridge.Options.MAC_AGEING_TIME

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) maximum message age, in seconds.

LinuxBridge.Options.MULTICAST_SNOOPING

Type: bool

Whether IGMP snooping is enabled for this bridge.

LinuxBridge.STP.ENABLED

Type: bool

Whether Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled for this bridge.

LinuxBridge.STP.FORWARD_DELAY

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) forwarding delay, in seconds.

LinuxBridge.STP.HELLO_TIME

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) hello time, in seconds.

LinuxBridge.STP.MAX_AGE

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) maximum message age, in seconds.

LinuxBridge.STP.PRIORITY

Type: integer

Sets the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) priority for this bridge. Lower values are "better"; the lowest priority bridge will be elected the root bridge.

LinuxBridge.Port.SUBTREE

Type: List of dictionary.

This property does not support partial editing, the full list of ports is required in desired state.

LinuxBridge.Port.NAME

Type: string

The interface name of the linux bridge port.

LinuxBridge.Port.STP_PRIORITY

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) priority of this bridge port. Lower values are "better".

LinuxBridge.Port.STP_HAIRPIN_MODE

Type: bool

Whether hairpin mode is enabled or not for the port.

LinuxBridge.Port.STP_PATH_COST

Type: integer

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) port cost for destinations via this port.

LinuxBridge.Port.VLAN_SUBTREE

Each Linux Bridge port also features a subtree to configure the allowed VLANs passing through it. If the VLAN subtree is not configured, all the VLANs are allowed; when the VLAN subtree is specified, the user needs to provide the full list of bridge ports.

Example:

{
    LinuxBridge.Port.VLAN_SUBTREE: {
        LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.MODE: LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.Mode.TRUNK,
        LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.ENABLE_NATIVE: True,
        LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.TAG: 105,
        LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.TRUNK_TAGS: [
            LinuxBridge.Port.TrunkTags.ID: 100,
            LinuxBridge.Port.TrunkTags.ID_RANGE: {
                LinuxBridge.Port.TrunkTags.MIN_RANGE: 500,
                LinuxBridge.Port.TrunkTags.MAX_RANGE: 599,
            }
        ]
    }
}

LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.MODE

Type: string

The operational mode of the port. Allowed values are:

  • LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.Mode.ACCESS
  • LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.Mode.TRUNK

LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.ENABLE_NATIVE

Type: bool Default: false

Can only be used for trunk ports. When enabled, it configures the VLAN specified by LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.TAG as a native VLAN.

LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.TAG

Type: integer

The access tag of the access port, or the native vlan of the trunk port.

LinuxBridge.Port.Vlan.TRUNK_TAGS

Type: array of dictionary.

Defines the white-list of VLANs accepted on this port. It accepts two formats:

  • single tag - a dictionary with a single id key, and an integer value (0-4095)
  • tag ranges - a dictionary with a single id-range key, whose value is a dict with two keys: min and max. Both values are integers, in the (0-4095) range.

Interface - Bond

Besides basic interface properties, each bond interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key BOND.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [
        {
            Interface.NAME: "bond99",
            Interface.TYPE: InterfaceType.BOND,
            Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
            Bond.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
                Bond.MODE: "balance-rr",
                Bond.OPTIONS_SUBTREE: {},
                Bond.SLAVES: ["eth1"]
            },
        }
    ]
}

Bond.MODE

Type: string

The bond mode in kernel. Possible values are:

  • BondMode.ROUND_ROBIN
  • BondMode.ACTIVE_BACKUP
  • BondMode.XOR
  • BondMode.BROADCAST
  • BondMode.LACP
  • BondMode.TLB
  • BondMode.ALB

Please refer to kernel document for detail.

When changing bond mode, the Bond.OPTIONS will not merge from current state. User is required to provide full desire bond options when switching bond mode.

Bond.OPTIONS

Type: dictionary

The dictionary of bond options. Please refer to kernel document for detail.

Bond.SLAVES

Type: list of string

The names of bond slave interfaces. This property does not support partial editing, full list of salves is required in desired state.

Interface - Open vSwitch(OVS) Bridge

Besides basic interface properties, each OVS bridge interface state also contains a dictionary saved in key OVSBridge.CONFIG_SUBTREE.

Example:

{
    Interface.KEY: [{
        Interface.NAME: "ovs-br0",
        Interface.TYPE: InterfaceType.BOND,
        Interface.STATE: InterfaceState.UP,
        OVSBridge.CONFIG_SUBTREE: {
            OVSBridge.OPTIONS_SUBTREE: {
                OVSBridge.FAIL_MODE: "",
                OVSBridge.MCAST_SNOOPING_ENABLE: False,
                OVSBridge.RSTP: False,
                OVSBridge.STP: True
            },
            OVSBridge.PORT_SUBTREE: [
                {
                    OVSBridge.PORT_NAME: "ovs0",
                },
                {
                    OVSBridge.PORT_NAME: "eth1",
                }
            ]
        },
    }]
}

OVSBridge.Options.FAIL_MODE

Type: string, 'secure' or 'standalone' or empty.

The bridge failure mode.

OVSBridge.Options.MCAST_SNOOPING_ENABLE

Type: bool

Enable or disable multicast snooping.

OVSBridge.Options.RSTP

Type: bool

Enable or disable RSTP.

OVSBridge.Options.STP

Type: bool

Enable or disable STP.

OVSBridge.PORT_SUBTREE

Type: List of dictionary.

This property does not support partial editing, the full list of ports is required in desired state.

OVSBridge.Port.NAME

Type: string

The OVS bridge port name.

Route

Nmstate provides both running and in-config routes via libnmstate.show(). Example:

{
    Route.KEY: {
        Route.CONFIG: [
            {
                Route.TABLE_ID: 0,
                Route.DESTINATION: "0.0.0.0/0",
                Route.NEXT_HOP_INTERFACE: "eth1",
                Route.NEXT_HOP_ADDRESS: "192.0.2.1",
                Route.METRIC: -1
            }
        ],
        Route.RUNNING: [
            {
                Route.TABLE_ID: 254,
                Route.DESTINATION: "192.0.2.0/24",
                Route.NEXT_HOP_INTERFACE: "eth1",
                Route.NEXT_HOP_ADDRESS: "",
                Route.METRIC: 100
            },
    }
}

The running routes contains route entries in kernel, which might contain:

  • Routes from DHCP or IPv6-RA.
  • Routes generated by kernel automatically. Like multicast, LAN and etc.

The config routes are the static routes saved in configuration files.

The libnmstate.apply(desire_state) merges current config routes into desire_state, to remove config route entry, please use Route.STATE: Route.STATE_ABSENT in the route entry:

  • Remove specific route config entry:

    Just add Route.STATE: Route.STATE_ABSENT to the route entry to be removed.

  • Remove all route config entry that matches:

    If any property is not defined in config absent route, it is treat as wildcard. For example, the following route entry removes all routes whose next hop is 'eth1'.

    {
        Route.STATE: Route.STATE_ABSENT,
        Route.NEXT_HOP_INTERFACE: "eth1"
    }

Route.TABLE_ID

Type: integer

The route table ID. If not defined, set as Route.USE_DEFAULT_ROUTE_TABLE to use the default route table.

Route.DESTINATION

Type: string

The route destination in the format like 192.0.2.0/24 or 2001:db8:1::/64.

Route.NEXT_HOP_INTERFACE

Type: string

The next hop interface. Mandatory.

Route.NEXT_HOP_ADDRESS

Type: string

The next hop address.

Route.METRIC

Type: integer

The route metric. If not define, set to Route.USE_DEFAULT_METRIC for the default metric.

DNS client configuration

Nmstate provides both running and in-config DNS client configuration via libnmstate.show(). Example:

{
    DNS.KEY: {
        DNS.CONFIG: {
            DNS.SEARCH: [
                "example.org",
                "example.com",
            ],
            DNS.SERVER: [
                "192.0.2.1"
            ]
        },
        DNS.RUNNING: {
            DNS.SEARCH: [
                "example.org",
                "example.com",
            ],
            DNS.SERVER: [
                "192.0.2.1"
            ]
        }
    },
}

The running DNS config it might contains DNS config from DHCP or IPv6-RA. The config DNS is the static configuration saved in configuration files.

The libnmstate.apply(desire_state) copies current DNS config to desire_state if DNS.KEY is missing from desire_state. Otherwise, DNS config in desire_state overrides current DNS configurations.

DNS.SEARCH

Type: list of string

Search list for host-name lookup.

DNS.SERVER

Type: list of string

Name server IP addresses.