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WalkthroughThe encryption utility was updated to switch from AES-CBC with PKCS5 padding to AES-GCM with no padding, enhancing both security and implementation. The initialization vector (IV) is now a randomly generated 12-byte value for each encryption, replacing the previous static IV. The IV is prepended to the ciphertext before encoding. The secret key is normalized to a 32-byte array for consistent key length. Exception handling was unified, and the decryption method signature no longer declares checked exceptions. Changes
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Actionable comments posted: 0
🧹 Nitpick comments (3)
src/main/java/org/runimo/runimo/auth/service/EncryptUtil.java (3)
27-34: Consider implementing a KDF-based key derivation instead of zero-padding.
Zero-padding can weaken security if the provided secret key is too short. A KDF like PBKDF2 is more robust.
38-45: Well-implemented random IV generation and GCM parameter setup.
If additional data integrity is needed, consider using AAD withcipher.updateAAD(...).🧰 Tools
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
[warning] 42-42: Use of AES with ECB mode detected. ECB doesn't provide message confidentiality and is not semantically secure so should not be used. Instead, use a strong, secure cipher: Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS7PADDING"). See https://owasp.org/www-community/Using_the_Java_Cryptographic_Extensions for more information.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-327]: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures
- https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/10/rc4-is-still-considered-harmful.html(use-of-aes-ecb-java)
[warning] 42-42: Triple DES (3DES or DESede) is considered deprecated. AES is the recommended cipher. Upgrade to use AES.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-326]: Inadequate Encryption Strength [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/bugs.htm#TDES_USAGE
- https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2017/Update-to-Current-Use-and-Deprecation-of-TDEA(desede-is-deprecated-java)
57-77: Check cipherText length before extracting the IV.
If the Base64-decoded data is shorter than 12 bytes, an out-of-bounds error may occur. Consider validating length to handle malformed input gracefully.🧰 Tools
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
[warning] 68-68: Use of AES with ECB mode detected. ECB doesn't provide message confidentiality and is not semantically secure so should not be used. Instead, use a strong, secure cipher: Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS7PADDING"). See https://owasp.org/www-community/Using_the_Java_Cryptographic_Extensions for more information.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-327]: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures
- https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/10/rc4-is-still-considered-harmful.html(use-of-aes-ecb-java)
[warning] 68-68: Triple DES (3DES or DESede) is considered deprecated. AES is the recommended cipher. Upgrade to use AES.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-326]: Inadequate Encryption Strength [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/bugs.htm#TDES_USAGE
- https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2017/Update-to-Current-Use-and-Deprecation-of-TDEA(desede-is-deprecated-java)
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📒 Files selected for processing (1)
src/main/java/org/runimo/runimo/auth/service/EncryptUtil.java(2 hunks)
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
src/main/java/org/runimo/runimo/auth/service/EncryptUtil.java
[warning] 42-42: Use of AES with ECB mode detected. ECB doesn't provide message confidentiality and is not semantically secure so should not be used. Instead, use a strong, secure cipher: Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS7PADDING"). See https://owasp.org/www-community/Using_the_Java_Cryptographic_Extensions for more information.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-327]: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures
- https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/10/rc4-is-still-considered-harmful.html
(use-of-aes-ecb-java)
[warning] 68-68: Use of AES with ECB mode detected. ECB doesn't provide message confidentiality and is not semantically secure so should not be used. Instead, use a strong, secure cipher: Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS7PADDING"). See https://owasp.org/www-community/Using_the_Java_Cryptographic_Extensions for more information.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-327]: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://owasp.org/Top10/A02_2021-Cryptographic_Failures
- https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2022/10/rc4-is-still-considered-harmful.html
(use-of-aes-ecb-java)
[warning] 42-42: Triple DES (3DES or DESede) is considered deprecated. AES is the recommended cipher. Upgrade to use AES.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-326]: Inadequate Encryption Strength [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/bugs.htm#TDES_USAGE
- https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2017/Update-to-Current-Use-and-Deprecation-of-TDEA
(desede-is-deprecated-java)
[warning] 68-68: Triple DES (3DES or DESede) is considered deprecated. AES is the recommended cipher. Upgrade to use AES.
Context: Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_TRANS)
Note: [CWE-326]: Inadequate Encryption Strength [OWASP A03:2017]: Sensitive Data Exposure [OWASP A02:2021]: Cryptographic Failures [REFERENCES]
- https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/bugs.htm#TDES_USAGE
- https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2017/Update-to-Current-Use-and-Deprecation-of-TDEA
(desede-is-deprecated-java)
🔇 Additional comments (5)
src/main/java/org/runimo/runimo/auth/service/EncryptUtil.java (5)
3-4: Good use of StandardCharsets and SecureRandom.
These imports are appropriate for a secure and consistent implementation.
7-7: Proper import of GCMParameterSpec.
GCMParameterSpec is the recommended parameter spec for AES-GCM mode.
47-51: Concise logic for combining IV and ciphertext.
Prepending the IV clearly separates it from the ciphertext.
43-43: False positives in static analysis regarding ECB and 3DES.
The code is using AES/GCM/NoPadding, not ECB or 3DES. No action needed.Also applies to: 69-69
17-22:Details
❓ Verification inconclusive
Correct switch to AES/GCM with sensible parameters.
The constants (32-byte key, 12-byte IV, 128-bit tag) are security best practices for GCM. However, confirm your runtime environment allows 256-bit keys.
🏁 Script executed:
#!/bin/bash # Check if the current environment supports AES 256-bit. # If "AES_256" is present in the output, your environment likely supports it. java -version strings $(/usr/bin/dirname $(/usr/bin/readlink -f $(which java)))/../lib/security/local_policy.jar | grep -i "AES_256" strings $(/usr/bin/dirname $(/usr/bin/readlink -f $(which java)))/../lib/security/policy/unlimited/local_policy.jar | grep -i "AES_256"Length of output: 1193
Action Required: Confirm AES 256-bit Support in Your Java Runtime
The encryption constants (32-byte key, 12-byte IV, 128-bit tag) correctly follow AES/GCM best practices. However, our automated verification was inconclusive due to command errors (missing commands like
whichandstrings), so we couldn’t confirm if your Java runtime supports AES 256-bit encryption. Please manually verify that the unlimited cryptography policy is enabled in your runtime environment (e.g., inspect the local_policy.jar and unlimited_policy.jar files).
- Code validations:
- The constants in
src/main/java/org/runimo/runimo/auth/service/EncryptUtil.java(lines 17-22) are correctly defined.- Manual verification required:
- Confirm that your Java environment (OpenJDK 17 in this case) supports AES 256-bit keys, ensuring unlimited cryptographic policy is in effect.
2 participants
작업내역
기존의
AES/CBC는Padding Oracle Attack의 위험이 있어 Padding을 사용하지 않는 알고리즘으로 변경하라는 제안이 있어 업데이트 했습니다.ref) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padding_oracle_attack
GCM 알고리즘의 경우 병렬처리가 가능해져 성능상 이점도 존재한다고 합니다!
ref) https://beatmejy.tistory.com/59
https://isuruka.medium.com/selecting-the-best-aes-block-cipher-mode-aes-gcm-vs-aes-cbc-ee3ebae173c
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