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from_state_vector: Fixed arg_pe bug where orbit is very slightly inclined#50

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RazerM:masterfrom
mgiuca:from_state_vector-small-z
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from_state_vector: Fixed arg_pe bug where orbit is very slightly inclined#50
mgiuca wants to merge 7 commits into
RazerM:masterfrom
mgiuca:from_state_vector-small-z

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@mgiuca mgiuca commented Sep 16, 2025

If the Z coordinate is negative, but the inclination is extremely small, it triggers the non-inclined case, which hard-codes raan to 0, yet still runs the code path which inverts arg_pe if ev.z < 0. This code path only makes sense if raan is also rotated 180°, which it is not.

Moved the ev.z < 0 code path into the i-not-small condition. This also makes the code more readable, as now all the code that sets arg_pe is in one place.

Added regression test cases for this issue.

Fixes #44.

This is intended to be based on top of PR #49.

Adds a missing check for the case where the eccentricity vector is in the third
or fourth quadrant, requiring arg_pe to be negated.

Note that this causes an edge case where arg_pe should be 0° but it comes out as
360° because we are not using modulo, but rather adding 2*pi. I didn't want to
fix that in this commit because all the calculations in from_state_vector behave
the same way.

Fixes RazerM#39.
When negating an angle, consistently use mod 2*pi instead of adding 2*pi. This
causes 0 to remain as 0 instead of becoming 2*pi.
This was caused by missing check for the case where e ~= 0 when orbits are
inclined, thus dividing by the eccentricity resulted in a divide-by-zero.

Fixes RazerM#38.
…orbits.

This was calculating both raan and f as nan, since i=180° was going into the
inclined orbit code path, when it is actually non-inclined. When invoked via
KeplerianElements.from_state_vector, the nan value would fail an assertion.

This also adds an important case needed to get the correct value of arg_pe
for retrograde non-inclined orbits: if i=180°, arg_pe needs to be inverted since
the orbit itself is upside down. Added two regression test cases for this case.

Fixes RazerM#18 and RazerM#25.
…tion.

This abstracts the repeated code that finds the unsigned minimum angle between
two vectors using acos to a standalone function.
This was caused by the argument to acos being slightly higher than 1.0 due to
rounding errors, resulting in nan (when it should just be 0).

Fixes RazerM#40.
…ined.

If the Z coordinate is negative, but the inclination is extremely small, it
triggers the non-inclined case, which hard-codes raan to 0, yet still runs the
code path which inverts arg_pe if ev.z < 0. This code path only makes sense if
raan is also rotated 180°, which it is not.

Moved the ev.z < 0 code path into the i-not-small condition. This also makes the
code more readable, as now all the code that sets arg_pe is in one place.

Added regression test cases for this issue.

Fixes RazerM#44.
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mgiuca commented Sep 16, 2025

That's the last one for now :)

I didn't realize GitHub doesn't let me make a PR that only shows the changes between two of my own branches, so if reviewing all of these PRs at once, you will need to look at the individual commits, not the whole PR which contains the changes from all previous PRs.

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from_state_vector inverts arg_pe when Z coordinate is extremely small and negative

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