Bài viết này hướng dẫn thiết lập môi trường biên dịch chéo cho Raspi 4, Pi OS 64bit
Phiên bản PiOS mình dùng là 2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64.img Phiên bản Ubuntu mình dùng là 22.04.5 LTS
Link drive lưu 1 vài file mình sử dụng trong quá trình build, đề phòng sau này có phiên bản mới không tương thích
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1INfJcckDI_olr4NDbNYfu6JdJKIJMWz6?usp=sharing
Cật nhập repo mới nhất
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgradeCài các package liên quan
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libjpeg-dev libfontconfig1-dev libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libxkbcommon-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libgles2-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev gstreamer1.0-omx libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-alsa libvpx-dev libsrtp2-dev libsnappy-dev libnss3-dev "^libxcb.*" flex bison libxslt-dev ruby gperf libbz2-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev libxi6 libxcomposite1 libfreetype6-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libx11-dev freetds-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libatspi2.0-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpci-dev libcap-dev libxrandr-dev libdirectfb-dev libaudio-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev gdbserverTạo folder chứa binaries của Qt6
sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt6
sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/binThêm đường dẫn thư viện
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/qt6/lib/' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrcCập nhật repo mới nhất
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgradeCài các gói cần thiết
sudo apt-get install make build-essential libclang-dev ninja-build gcc git bison python3 gperf pkg-config libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libatspi2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev build-essential gawk git texinfo bison file wget libssl-dev gdbserver gdb-multiarch libxcb-cursor-devTạo folder làm việt
cd ~
mkdir Qt6Cross cd ~/Qt6Cross
git clone https://github.com/Kitware/CMake.git
cd CMake
./bootstrap && make -j8&& sudo make installcd ~/Qt6Cross
mkdir gcc_all && cd gcc_all
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.35.2.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/glibc/glibc-2.31.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-10.3.0/gcc-10.3.0.tar.gz
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux
tar xf binutils-2.35.2.tar.bz2
tar xf glibc-2.31.tar.bz2
tar xf gcc-10.3.0.tar.gz
rm *.tar.*
cd gcc-10.3.0
contrib/download_prerequisitesGhi chú các câu lệnh bên trên (không cần tải, read only)
Tải binutils: bao gồm các tool như as (assembler), ld (linker), ar (archive tool)… Đây là các công cụ cơ bản cần cho quá trình biên dịch.
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.35.2.tar.bz2
Tải glibc: thư viện chuẩn C. Đây là thư viện runtime mà mọi chương trình C/C++ cần để chạy trên target.
Tải GCC: bộ biên dịch chính, sẽ dùng để biên dịch các chương trình C/C++ cho Raspberry Pi.
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-10.3.0/gcc-10.3.0.tar.gz
Clone source kernel của Raspberry Pi. Source kernel sẽ cung cấp kernel headers (các file .h) cho glibc và GCC build. GCC cần kernel headers để biết các interface của kernel (ví dụ các syscall, cấu trúc dữ liệu trong kernel) khi build glibc và các chương trình system-level.
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux
Tạo folder cài đặt chứa trình biên dịch chéo
sudo mkdir -p /opt/cross-pi-gcc
sudo chown $USER /opt/cross-pi-gcc
export PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin:$PATHSau bước này, thư mục /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include sẽ có đầy đủ header của kernel.
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all
cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7
make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu headers_installbuild và cài đặt binutils cho cross-compiler,
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all
mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils
../binutils-2.35.2/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-arch=armv8 --disable-multilib
make -j 8
make installKhai báo đoạn sau vào ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all/gcc-10.3.0/libsanitizer/asan/asan_linux.cpp
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif
Trên một số hệ thống (hoặc một số phiên bản glibc), PATH_MAX chưa được định nghĩa ở thời điểm GCC đọc file này.
Nếu không định nghĩa, khi build GCC bạn sẽ gặp lỗi kiểu: "asan_linux.cpp: error: 'PATH_MAX' was not declared in this scope"
sed -i '1i#ifndef PATH_MAX\n#define PATH_MAX 4096\n#endif' ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all/gcc-10.3.0/libsanitizer/asan/asan_linux.cppbuild GCC cross-compiler chính
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all
mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc
../gcc-10.3.0/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j8 all-gcc
make install-gccbuild và cài đặt glibc cho cross-compiler, cung cấp thư viện runtime C chuẩn để compiler có thể tạo binary chạy trên Raspberry Pi.
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all
mkdir build-glibc && cd build-glibc
../glibc-2.31/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu --build=$MACHTYPE --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-headers=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include --disable-multilib libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
make -j8 csu/subdir_lib
install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/libc.so
touch /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include/gnu/stubs.hbuild thư viện runtime libgcc cho cross-compiler
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8 all-target-libgcc
make install-target-libgccbuild glibc đầy đủ cho cross-compiler.
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all/build-glibc
make -j8
make installbuild và cài đặt GCC hoàn chỉnh sau khi đã chuẩn bị glibc và libgcc
cd ~/Qt6Cross/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8
make installcd ~/Qt6Cross
mkdir qt6 qt6/host qt6/pi qt6/host-build qt6/pi-build qt6/src
cd ~/Qt6Cross/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.5/6.5.1/submodules/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.5.1.tar.xz
tar xf qtbase-everywhere-src-6.5.1.tar.xzcd $HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/host-build/
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.5.1/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/host
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .Copy sysroot của RPI
cd ~/Qt6Cross
mkdir rpi-sysroot rpi-sysroot/usr
cd ~/Qt6Cross
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/usr/include rpi-sysroot/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/lib rpi-sysroot
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/usr/lib rpi-sysroot/usr
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py
python3 sysroot-relativelinks.py rpi-sysrootTạo file cmake để cấu hình biên dịch Qt6 cho RPI
cd $HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/pi-build
cat << 'EOF' > toolchain.cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include_guard(GLOBAL)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)
# You should change location of sysroot to your needs.
set(TARGET_SYSROOT $ENV{HOME}/Qt6Cross/rpi-sysroot)
set(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE aarch64-linux-gnu)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} $PKG_CONFIG_PATH:${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} /usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR} ${CMAKE_SYSROOT})
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-g++)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -isystem=/usr/include -isystem=/usr/local/include -isystem=/usr/include/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS "-march=armv8-a")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O2 -pipe")
set(QT_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath-link=${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE} -Wl,-rpath-link=$HOME/qt6/pi/lib")
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
include(CMakeInitializeConfigs)
function(cmake_initialize_per_config_variable _PREFIX _DOCSTRING)
if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(C|CXX|ASM)_FLAGS")
set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
foreach (config DEBUG RELEASE MINSIZEREL RELWITHDEBINFO)
if (DEFINED QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config})
set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_${config}_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config}}")
endif()
endforeach()
endif()
if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(SHARED|MODULE|EXE)_LINKER_FLAGS")
foreach (config SHARED MODULE EXE)
set(CMAKE_${config}_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_LINKER_FLAGS}")
endforeach()
endif()
_cmake_initialize_per_config_variable(${ARGV})
endfunction()
set(XCB_PATH_VARIABLE ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
set(GL_INC_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include)
set(GL_LIB_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)
set(EGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(EGL_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libEGL.so)
set(OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libOpenGL.so)
set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLIB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)
set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLESv2_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)
set(gbm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(gbm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libgbm.so)
set(Libdrm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(Libdrm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libdrm.so)
set(XCB_XCB_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(XCB_XCB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libxcb.so)
list(APPEND CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE})
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/cmake")
EOFBiên dịch Qt6 cho RPI
cd $HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/pi-build
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.5.1/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DINPUT_opengl=es2 -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DQT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/host -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=$HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/pi -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/qt6 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/pi-build/toolchain.cmake -DQT_QMAKE_TARGET_MKSPEC=devices/linux-rasp-pi4-aarch64 -DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON -DFEATURE_xcb_xlib=ON -DQT_FEATURE_xlib=ON
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .Send binaries sang cho RPI
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/Qt6Cross/qt6/pi/* [email protected]:/usr/local/qt6