Task 3

src/main/java/task_1/solution/Main.java

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+package task_1.solution;
+
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        TimeMachine timeMachine = new TimeMachine(2023);
+
+        TimeTraveler traveler1 = new TimeTraveler("Travis", 1990, 2100);
+        TimeTraveler traveler2 = new TimeTraveler("Ja", 1985, 2050);
+
+        try {
+            timeMachine.travelInTime(traveler1, 2000);
+            timeMachine.travelInTime(traveler2, 2075);
+        } catch (TimeTravelException e) {
+            System.out.println("Произошла ошибка: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_1/solution/TimeMachine.java

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+package task_1.solution;
+
+public class TimeMachine {
+    private int currentYear;
+    private boolean isWorking;
+
+    public TimeMachine(int currentYear) {
+        this.currentYear = currentYear;
+        this.isWorking = true;
+    }
+
+    public void travelInTime(TimeTraveler timeTraveler, int year) throws TimeTravelException {
+        if (!isWorking) {
+            throw new TimeTravelException("The time machine is not working at the moment.");
+        }
+
+        if (year < timeTraveler.getBirthYear()) {
+            throw new TimeTravelException("The year of travel to the past is less than the year of the traveler's " +
+                    "birth.");
+        }
+
+        if (year > timeTraveler.getDeathYear()) {
+            throw new TimeTravelException("The year of the travel into the future is longer than the year of the " +
+                    "traveler's death.");
+        }
+
+        System.out.println(timeTraveler.getName() + " travels through time in " + year + " year.");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_1/solution/TimeTravelException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package task_1.solution;
+
+public class TimeTravelException extends Exception {
+    public TimeTravelException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_1/solution/TimeTraveler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package task_1.solution;
+
+public class TimeTraveler {
+    private String name;
+    private int birthYear;
+    private int deathYear;
+
+    public TimeTraveler(String name, int birthYear, int deathYear) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.birthYear = birthYear;
+        this.deathYear = deathYear;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public int getBirthYear() {
+        return birthYear;
+    }
+
+    public int getDeathYear() {
+        return deathYear;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package task_2.solution;
+
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NoOrdersException;
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughMaterialException;
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughWoodException;
+
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        try {
+            Wand wand1 = new Wand("Дуб", 12, "-", 10);
+            WandOrder order1 = new WandOrder("Петр", wand1, 3);
+
+            Wand wand2 = new Wand("Ель", 11, "-", 12);
+            WandOrder order2 = new WandOrder("Шавкат", wand2, 2);
+
+            OlivandersShop olivanders = new OlivandersShop();
+            olivanders.placeOrder(order1);
+            olivanders.placeOrder(order2);
+
+            Wand mostPowerfulWand = olivanders.findMostPowerfulWand();
+            System.out.println("Самая сильная палочка : " + mostPowerfulWand.getWoodType() + " " + mostPowerfulWand.getCoreMaterial());
+        } catch (NotEnoughWoodException | NotEnoughMaterialException | NoOrdersException e) {
+            System.out.println("Ошибка: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/OlivandersShop.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package task_2.solution;
+
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NoOrdersException;
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughMaterialException;
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughWoodException;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class OlivandersShop {
+    private List<WandOrder> orders;
+    private Map<String, Integer> woodTypeCount;
+    private Map<String, Integer> coreMaterialCount;
+
+    public OlivandersShop() {
+        orders = new ArrayList<>();
+        woodTypeCount = new HashMap<>();
+        coreMaterialCount = new HashMap<>();
+    }
+    public void placeOrder(WandOrder order) throws NotEnoughMaterialException, NotEnoughWoodException {
+        String woodType = order.getWand().getWoodType();
+        int requiredWoodCount = order.getQuantity();
+
+        if (woodTypeCount.containsKey(woodType)) {
+            int availableWoodCount = woodTypeCount.get(woodType);
+            if (availableWoodCount < requiredWoodCount) {
+                throw new NotEnoughWoodException(woodType);
+            }
+            woodTypeCount.put(woodType, availableWoodCount - requiredWoodCount);
+        } else {
+            throw new NotEnoughWoodException(woodType);
+        }
+
+        String coreMaterial = order.getWand().getCoreMaterial();
+        int requiredMaterialCount = order.getQuantity();
+
+        if (coreMaterialCount.containsKey(coreMaterial)) {
+            int availableMaterialCount = coreMaterialCount.get(coreMaterial);
+            if (availableMaterialCount < requiredMaterialCount) {
+                throw new NotEnoughMaterialException(coreMaterial);
+            }
+            coreMaterialCount.put(coreMaterial, availableMaterialCount - requiredMaterialCount);
+        } else {
+            throw new NotEnoughMaterialException(coreMaterial);
+        }
+
+        orders.add(order);
+    }
+    public Wand findMostPowerfulWand() throws NoOrdersException{
+        if (orders.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new NoOrdersException("Заказы недоступны");
+        }
+
+        Wand mostPowerfulWand = orders.get(0).getWand();
+        int maxPowerLevel = mostPowerfulWand.getPowerLevel();
+
+        for (WandOrder order : orders) {
+            if (order.getWand().getPowerLevel() > maxPowerLevel) {
+                mostPowerfulWand = order.getWand();
+                maxPowerLevel = mostPowerfulWand.getPowerLevel();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return mostPowerfulWand;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/Wand.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package task_2.solution;
+
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughMaterialException;
+import task_2.solution.exceptions.NotEnoughWoodException;
+
+public class Wand {
+    private String woodType;
+    private double length;
+    private String coreMaterial;
+    private int powerLevel;
+
+    public Wand(String woodType, int length, String coreMaterial, int powerLevel) throws NotEnoughWoodException,
+            NotEnoughMaterialException {
+        if (woodType == null || woodType.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new NotEnoughWoodException("Тип дерева не может быть пустым");
+        }
+        if (length <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Длина должна быть больше 0");
+        }
+        if (coreMaterial == null || coreMaterial.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new NotEnoughMaterialException("Материал не может быть пустым");
+        }
+        if (powerLevel <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Уровень мощности должен быть больше 0");
+        }
+        this.woodType = woodType;
+        this.length = length;
+        this.coreMaterial = coreMaterial;
+        this.powerLevel = powerLevel;
+    }
+
+    public String getWoodType() {
+        return woodType;
+    }
+
+    public double getLength() {
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    public String getCoreMaterial() {
+        return coreMaterial;
+    }
+
+    public int getPowerLevel() {
+        return powerLevel;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/WandOrder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package task_2.solution;
+
+public class WandOrder {
+    private String customerName;
+    private Wand wand;
+    private int quantity;
+    public WandOrder(String customerName, Wand wand, int quantity) {
+        if (customerName == null || customerName.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Имя клиента не может быть пустым");
+        }
+        if (quantity <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Количество должно быть больше 0");
+        }
+
+        this.customerName = customerName;
+        this.wand = wand;
+        this.quantity = quantity;
+    }
+
+    public String getCustomerName() {
+        return customerName;
+    }
+
+    public Wand getWand() {
+        return wand;
+    }
+
+    public int getQuantity() {
+        return quantity;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/exceptions/NoOrdersException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package task_2.solution.exceptions;
+
+public class NoOrdersException extends Exception{
+    public NoOrdersException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/exceptions/NotEnoughMaterialException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package task_2.solution.exceptions;
+
+public class NotEnoughMaterialException extends Exception{
+    public NotEnoughMaterialException(String material) {
+        super("Недостаточно материала для сердца палочки: " + material);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_2/solution/exceptions/NotEnoughWoodException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package task_2.solution.exceptions;
+
+public class NotEnoughWoodException extends Exception{
+    public NotEnoughWoodException(String woodType) {
+        super("Недостаточно дерева типа " + woodType + " для изготовления палочек.");
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_3/solution/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package task_3.solution;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args){
+        SimpsonsSchool simpsonsSchool = new SimpsonsSchool();
+
+        SimpsonsCharacter bart = new SimpsonsCharacter("Bart", 11, 1);
+        SimpsonsCharacter lisa = new SimpsonsCharacter("Lisa", 9, 2);
+
+        SimpsonsCourse math = new SimpsonsCourse("Math", 1);
+        SimpsonsCourse barts_pranks = new SimpsonsCourse("Bart's Pranks", 2);
+        SimpsonsCourse history = new SimpsonsCourse("History", 3);
+
+        simpsonsSchool.enrollCharacter(bart, List.of(math, barts_pranks));
+        simpsonsSchool.enrollCharacter(lisa, List.of(math, history, barts_pranks));
+
+        try {
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(bart, math, 4);
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(bart, history, 3);
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(bart,  barts_pranks, 5);
+
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(lisa, math, 5);
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(lisa, history, 4);
+            simpsonsSchool.addGrade(lisa, barts_pranks, 0);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_3/solution/SimpsonsCharacter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package task_3.solution;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class SimpsonsCharacter {
+    private String name;
+    private int age;
+    private int characterId;
+    private List<SimpsonsCourse> enrolledCourses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Map<SimpsonsCourse, Integer> grades = new HashMap<>();
+
+    public SimpsonsCharacter(String name, int age, int characterId) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.age = age;
+        this.characterId = characterId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public int getAge() {
+        return age;
+    }
+
+    public int getCharacterId() {
+        return characterId;
+    }
+
+    public List<SimpsonsCourse> getEnrolledCourses() {
+        return enrolledCourses;
+    }
+
+    public Map<SimpsonsCourse, Integer> getGrades() {
+        return grades;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/task_3/solution/SimpsonsCourse.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package task_3.solution;
+
+public class SimpsonsCourse {
+    private String courseName;
+    private int courseId;
+
+    public SimpsonsCourse(String courseName, int courseId) {
+        this.courseName = courseName;
+        this.courseId = courseId;
+    }
+
+    public String getCourseName() {
+        return courseName;
+    }
+
+    public int getCourseId() {
+        return courseId;
+    }
+}