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threatened fish research highlight #49

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311 changes: 311 additions & 0 deletions research/highlights/2024_freshwater-fish-IUCN/_footer.html
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78 changes: 78 additions & 0 deletions research/highlights/2024_freshwater-fish-IUCN/index.qmd
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---
title: "Protecting Australia's freshwater fish at risk of extinction"
author: "Olivia Torresan"
date: "2024-11-22"
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authors: "Lintermans, M., Lutz, M., Whiterod, N. S., Gruber, B., Hammer, M. P., Kennard, M. J., Morgan, D. L., Raadik, T. A., Unmack, P., Brooks, S., Ebner, B. C., Gilligan, D., Butler, G. L., Moore, G., Brown, C., Freeman, R., Kerezsy, A., Bice, C. M., Le Feuvre, M. C., Beatty, S., Arthington, A. H., Koehn, J., Larson, H. K., Coleman, R., Mathwin, R., Pearce, L., Tonkin, Z., Bruce, A., Espinoza, T., Kern, P., Lieschke, J. A., Martin, K., Sparks, J., Stoessel, D. J., Wedderburn, S. D., Allan, H., Clunie, P., Cockayne, B., Ellis, I., Hardie, S., Koster, W., Moy, K., Roberts, D., Schmarr, D., Sharley, J., Sternberg, D., Zukowski, S., Walsh, C., Zampatti, B., Shelley, J. J., Sayer, C., Chapple, D. G."
year: 2024
title: "Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia’s native freshwater fishes"
publication: "Biological Conservation"
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110843
image_url: https://images.ala.org.au/image/details?imageId=87284989-1402-443e-b697-c66f07f255df
alt_text: Spotted galaxias (*Galaxias truttaceus*) swimming in the crisp waters of Tasmania
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[*Galaxias truttaceus* (Bruce Deagle CC BY 4.0)](https://images.ala.org.au/image/details?imageId=09750570-1501-4ca7-a2ca-ba146b18ed9b)
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Prepared by [Olivia Torresan](https://labs.ala.org.au/about/Torresan_Olivia/)
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More than half of Australia's freshwater fish species are unique to Australia and are found nowhere else in the world. This includes species like the ancient [Australian lungfish](https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/38a5a409-3f58-4522-acec-61444d999bd2#overview), the [longnose sooty grunter](https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/9435389a-d9de-48ba-92a9-8302b6243654#overview), and the [spotted galaxias](https://bie.ala.org.au/species/https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/e4d85845-3e34-4112-90a9-f954176721ec) (pictured left).

Despite this diversity, discussions on conserving freshwater fish in the last decade have focused largely on pest species and disrupted stream flows. While critical concerns, a comprehensive understanding of unique needs, behaviours and threats of fish is integral for best-practice management. *Galaxias*, for example, require calm and semi-isolated waterbodies (e.g, freshwater rock pools) for protection from other species (whilst improved stream flows are generally beneficial).

To help understand the diversity of needs and potential conservation disparities in freshwater fish conservation, Linterman et al. completed the first holistic assessment of Australian freshwater fishes and their potential risk of extinction through [IUCN Red List](https://www.iucnredlist.org/) categorisation protocols. Using current scientific literature and combined data from sources including the Atlas of Living Australia, the authors found that many Australian freshwater fish are showing signs of possible decline without any formal recognition.

Currently there are 63 freshwater fish species listed as at risk of extinction nationally and across state jurisdictions, with this study identifying a potential *35* more. Many of these species are already listed on the IUCN Red List. The authors also found 17 species to be potentially suitable for upgraded statuses (e.g., sensitive to threatened). Overall, these findings suggest that the current conservation effort for Australian freshwater fish may not align with the levels of current threats. Australia may need to urgently update their accepted assessment of risk to prevent extinction of many Australian freshwater fish species.

:::
:::::::
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