diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/__snapshots__/importUsageCheck.spec.ts.snap b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/__snapshots__/importUsageCheck.spec.ts.snap
index e648587449a..a82d6424f51 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/__snapshots__/importUsageCheck.spec.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/__snapshots__/importUsageCheck.spec.ts.snap
@@ -49,6 +49,21 @@ return { fooBar, get FooBaz() { return FooBaz }, get FooQux() { return FooQux },
 })"
 `;
 
+exports[`custom template lang 1`] = `
+"import { defineComponent as _defineComponent } from 'vue'
+import { Thing1, Thing2, Thing3, Thing4, Thing5, Thing6 } from "./types.ts"
+    
+export default /*@__PURE__*/_defineComponent({
+  setup(__props, { expose: __expose }) {
+  __expose();
+
+      
+return { get Thing2() { return Thing2 }, get Thing3() { return Thing3 }, get Thing4() { return Thing4 }, get Thing5() { return Thing5 }, get Thing6() { return Thing6 } }
+}
+
+})"
+`;
+
 exports[`directive 1`] = `
 "import { defineComponent as _defineComponent } from 'vue'
 import { vMyDir } from './x'
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/importUsageCheck.spec.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/importUsageCheck.spec.ts
index 210fa09688a..66c38697b1a 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/importUsageCheck.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/__tests__/compileScript/importUsageCheck.spec.ts
@@ -265,3 +265,31 @@ test('shorthand binding w/ kebab-case', () => {
   )
   expect(content).toMatch('return { get fooBar() { return fooBar }')
 })
+
+test('custom template lang', () => {
+  const { content } = compile(
+    `
+    <script setup lang="ts">
+      import { Thing1, Thing2, Thing3, Thing4, Thing5, Thing6 } from "./types.ts"
+    </script>
+    <template lang="pug">
+      h1 Thing1
+        div {{ Thing2 }}
+      
+        Thing3 World
+
+        div(v-bind:abc='Thing4')
+
+        div(v-text='Thing5')
+
+        div(ref='Thing6')
+    </template>
+    `,
+    { templateOptions: { preprocessLang: 'pug' } },
+  )
+  // Thing1 is just a string in the template so should not be included
+  expect(content).toMatch(
+    'return { get Thing2() { return Thing2 }, get Thing3() { return Thing3 }, get Thing4() { return Thing4 }, get Thing5() { return Thing5 }, get Thing6() { return Thing6 } }',
+  )
+  assertCode(content)
+})
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/compileScript.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/compileScript.ts
index cbd4abdf71a..430df7555c1 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/compileScript.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/compileScript.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_FILENAME,
   type SFCDescriptor,
   type SFCScriptBlock,
+  type SFCTemplateBlock,
 } from './parse'
 import type { ParserPlugin } from '@babel/parser'
 import { generateCodeFrame } from '@vue/shared'
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import {
 import { CSS_VARS_HELPER, genCssVarsCode } from './style/cssVars'
 import {
   type SFCTemplateCompileOptions,
+  type SFCTemplateCompileResults,
   compileTemplate,
 } from './compileTemplate'
 import { warnOnce } from './warn'
@@ -245,6 +247,8 @@ export function compileScript(
     ctx.s.move(start, end, 0)
   }
 
+  let customTemplateLangCompiledSFC: SFCTemplateCompileResults | undefined
+
   function registerUserImport(
     source: string,
     local: string,
@@ -260,10 +264,22 @@ export function compileScript(
       needTemplateUsageCheck &&
       ctx.isTS &&
       sfc.template &&
-      !sfc.template.src &&
-      !sfc.template.lang
+      !sfc.template.src
     ) {
-      isUsedInTemplate = isImportUsed(local, sfc)
+      if (!sfc.template.lang) {
+        isUsedInTemplate = isImportUsed(
+          local,
+          sfc.template.content,
+          sfc.template.ast!,
+        )
+      } else {
+        customTemplateLangCompiledSFC ||= compileSFCTemplate(sfc.template)
+        isUsedInTemplate = isImportUsed(
+          local,
+          sfc.template.content,
+          customTemplateLangCompiledSFC.ast!,
+        )
+      }
     }
 
     ctx.userImports[local] = {
@@ -293,6 +309,28 @@ export function compileScript(
     })
   }
 
+  function compileSFCTemplate(
+    sfcTemplate: SFCTemplateBlock,
+  ): SFCTemplateCompileResults {
+    return compileTemplate({
+      filename,
+      ast: sfcTemplate.ast,
+      source: sfcTemplate.content,
+      inMap: sfcTemplate.map,
+      ...options.templateOptions,
+      id: scopeId,
+      scoped: sfc.styles.some(s => s.scoped),
+      isProd: options.isProd,
+      ssrCssVars: sfc.cssVars,
+      compilerOptions: {
+        ...(options.templateOptions && options.templateOptions.compilerOptions),
+        inline: true,
+        isTS: ctx.isTS,
+        bindingMetadata: ctx.bindingMetadata,
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
   const scriptAst = ctx.scriptAst
   const scriptSetupAst = ctx.scriptSetupAst!
 
@@ -880,24 +918,9 @@ export function compileScript(
       }
       // inline render function mode - we are going to compile the template and
       // inline it right here
-      const { code, ast, preamble, tips, errors, map } = compileTemplate({
-        filename,
-        ast: sfc.template.ast,
-        source: sfc.template.content,
-        inMap: sfc.template.map,
-        ...options.templateOptions,
-        id: scopeId,
-        scoped: sfc.styles.some(s => s.scoped),
-        isProd: options.isProd,
-        ssrCssVars: sfc.cssVars,
-        compilerOptions: {
-          ...(options.templateOptions &&
-            options.templateOptions.compilerOptions),
-          inline: true,
-          isTS: ctx.isTS,
-          bindingMetadata: ctx.bindingMetadata,
-        },
-      })
+      const { code, ast, preamble, tips, errors, map } = compileSFCTemplate(
+        sfc.template,
+      )
       templateMap = map
       if (tips.length) {
         tips.forEach(warnOnce)
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/parse.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/parse.ts
index c8be865508f..ce8b93f0316 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/parse.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/parse.ts
@@ -448,7 +448,10 @@ export function hmrShouldReload(
   for (const key in prevImports) {
     // if an import was previous unused, but now is used, we need to force
     // reload so that the script now includes that import.
-    if (!prevImports[key].isUsedInTemplate && isImportUsed(key, next)) {
+    if (
+      !prevImports[key].isUsedInTemplate &&
+      isImportUsed(key, next.template!.content!, next.template!.ast!)
+    ) {
       return true
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/importUsageCheck.ts b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/importUsageCheck.ts
index 22ef37cf37f..2251388aa5e 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/importUsageCheck.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-sfc/src/script/importUsageCheck.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import type { SFCDescriptor } from '../parse'
 import {
   type ExpressionNode,
   NodeTypes,
+  type RootNode,
   type SimpleExpressionNode,
   type TemplateChildNode,
   parserOptions,
@@ -15,14 +15,20 @@ import { camelize, capitalize, isBuiltInDirective } from '@vue/shared'
  * the properties that should be included in the object returned from setup()
  * when not using inline mode.
  */
-export function isImportUsed(local: string, sfc: SFCDescriptor): boolean {
-  return resolveTemplateUsedIdentifiers(sfc).has(local)
+export function isImportUsed(
+  local: string,
+  content: string,
+  ast: RootNode,
+): boolean {
+  return resolveTemplateUsedIdentifiers(content, ast).has(local)
 }
 
 const templateUsageCheckCache = createCache<Set<string>>()
 
-function resolveTemplateUsedIdentifiers(sfc: SFCDescriptor): Set<string> {
-  const { content, ast } = sfc.template!
+function resolveTemplateUsedIdentifiers(
+  content: string,
+  ast: RootNode,
+): Set<string> {
   const cached = templateUsageCheckCache.get(content)
   if (cached) {
     return cached
@@ -30,7 +36,7 @@ function resolveTemplateUsedIdentifiers(sfc: SFCDescriptor): Set<string> {
 
   const ids = new Set<string>()
 
-  ast!.children.forEach(walk)
+  ast.children.forEach(walk)
 
   function walk(node: TemplateChildNode) {
     switch (node.type) {
@@ -89,6 +95,10 @@ function extractIdentifiers(ids: Set<string>, node: ExpressionNode) {
   if (node.ast) {
     walkIdentifiers(node.ast, n => ids.add(n.name))
   } else if (node.ast === null) {
-    ids.add((node as SimpleExpressionNode).content)
+    const content = (node as SimpleExpressionNode).content.replace(
+      /^_ctx\./,
+      '',
+    )
+    ids.add(content)
   }
 }