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photoproc.c
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/*
** ATOP - System & Process Monitor
**
** The program 'atop' offers the possibility to view the activity of
** the system on system-level as well as process-/thread-level.
**
** This source-file contains functions to read the process-administration
** of every running process from kernel-space and extract the required
** activity-counters.
** ==========================================================================
** Author: Gerlof Langeveld
** E-mail: [email protected]
** Date: November 1996
** LINUX-port: June 2000
** --------------------------------------------------------------------------
** Copyright (C) 2000-2022 Gerlof Langeveld
**
** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
** under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
** Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
** later version.
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
** WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
** See the GNU General Public License for more details.
**
** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
** along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
** Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
** --------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "atop.h"
#include "photoproc.h"
#define SCANSTAT "%c %d %*d %*d %*d %*d " \
"%*d %lld %*d %lld %*d %lld " \
"%lld %*d %*d %d %d %*d " \
"%*d %ld %lld %lld %*d %*d " \
"%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d " \
"%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d " \
"%d %d %d %lld"
/* ATOP-extension line of /proc/pid/stat */
#define ATOPSTAT "%lld %llu %lld %llu %lld %llu %lld %llu " \
"%lld %llu %lld %llu %lld %lld"
static int procstat(struct tstat *, unsigned long long, char);
static int procstatus(struct tstat *);
static int procio(struct tstat *);
static int proccont(struct tstat *);
static void proccmd(struct tstat *);
static void procsmaps(struct tstat *);
static void procwchan(struct tstat *);
static count_t procschedstat(struct tstat *);
static int proccgroupv2(struct tstat *);
static struct cgroupv2vals *
alloccgroupv2(char *, int);
static struct cgroupv2vals *
findhashcgroupv2(char *, int *);
void fillcgroupv2(struct cgroupv2vals *, char *, char *, int);
int readcgroupv2(char *, char *, char *, int, long []);
static void wipecgroupv2(void);
unsigned long
photoproc(struct tstat *tasklist, int maxtask)
{
static int firstcall = 1;
static unsigned long long bootepoch;
register struct tstat *curtask;
FILE *fp;
DIR *dirp;
struct dirent *entp;
char origdir[1024], dockstat=0;
unsigned long tval=0;
/*
** one-time initialization stuff
*/
if (firstcall)
{
/*
** check if this kernel offers io-statistics per task
*/
regainrootprivs();
if ( (fp = fopen("/proc/1/io", "r")) )
{
supportflags |= IOSTAT;
fclose(fp);
}
/*
** check if this kernel offers cgroups version 2
*/
if ( (fp = fopen("/proc/1/cgroup", "r")) )
{
char line[128];
if (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
if (memcmp(line, "0::", 3) == 0) // equal?
supportflags |= CGROUPV2;
}
fclose(fp);
}
if (! droprootprivs())
mcleanstop(42, "failed to drop root privs\n");
/*
** find epoch time of boot moment
*/
bootepoch = getboot();
firstcall = 0;
}
/*
** probe if the netatop module and (optionally) the
** netatopd daemon are active
*/
regainrootprivs();
netatop_probe();
if (supportflags & CGROUPV2)
wipecgroupv2();
if (! droprootprivs())
mcleanstop(42, "failed to drop root privs\n");
/*
** read all subdirectory-names below the /proc directory
*/
if ( getcwd(origdir, sizeof origdir) == NULL)
mcleanstop(53, "failed to save current dir\n");
if ( chdir("/proc") == -1)
mcleanstop(54, "failed to change to /proc\n");
dirp = opendir(".");
while ( (entp = readdir(dirp)) && tval < maxtask )
{
/*
** skip non-numerical names
*/
if (!isdigit(entp->d_name[0]))
continue;
/*
** change to the process' subdirectory
*/
if ( chdir(entp->d_name) != 0 )
continue;
/*
** gather process-level information
*/
curtask = tasklist+tval;
if ( !procstat(curtask, bootepoch, 1)) /* from /proc/pid/stat */
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
if ( !procstatus(curtask) ) /* from /proc/pid/status */
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
if ( !procio(curtask) ) /* from /proc/pid/io */
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
procschedstat(curtask); /* from /proc/pid/schedstat */
proccmd(curtask); /* from /proc/pid/cmdline */
dockstat += proccont(curtask); /* from /proc/pid/cpuset */
/*
** cgroups v2: determine cgroup for process and register most
** relevant limits
*/
if (supportflags & CGROUPV2)
proccgroupv2(curtask);
/*
** reading the smaps file for every process with every sample
** is a really 'expensive' from a CPU consumption point-of-view,
** so gathering this info is optional
*/
if (calcpss)
procsmaps(curtask); /* from /proc/pid/smaps */
/*
** determine thread's wchan, if wanted ('expensive' from
** a CPU consumption point-of-view)
*/
if (getwchan)
procwchan(curtask);
// read network stats from netatop
netatop_gettask(curtask->gen.tgid, 'g', curtask);
tval++; /* increment for process-level info */
/*
** if needed (when number of threads is larger than 1):
** read and fill new entries with thread-level info
*/
if (curtask->gen.nthr > 1)
{
DIR *dirtask;
struct dirent *tent;
curtask->gen.nthrrun = 0;
curtask->gen.nthrslpi = 0;
curtask->gen.nthrslpu = 0;
/*
** rundelay and blkdelay on process level only
** concerns the delays of the main thread;
** totalize the delays of all threads
*/
curtask->cpu.rundelay = 0;
curtask->cpu.blkdelay = 0;
/*
** open underlying task directory
*/
if ( chdir("task") == 0 )
{
unsigned long cur_nth = 0;
dirtask = opendir(".");
/*
** due to race condition, opendir() might
** have failed (leave task and process-level
** directories)
*/
if( dirtask == NULL )
{
if(chdir("../..") == -1);
continue;
}
while ((tent=readdir(dirtask)) && tval<maxtask)
{
struct tstat *curthr = tasklist+tval;
/*
** change to the thread's subdirectory
*/
if ( tent->d_name[0] == '.' ||
chdir(tent->d_name) != 0 )
continue;
if ( !procstat(curthr, bootepoch, 0))
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
if ( !procstatus(curthr) )
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
if ( !procio(curthr) )
{
if ( chdir("..") == -1);
continue;
}
/*
** determine thread's wchan, if wanted
** ('expensive' from a CPU consumption
** point-of-view)
*/
if (getwchan)
procwchan(curthr);
// totalize delays of all threads
curtask->cpu.rundelay +=
procschedstat(curthr);
curtask->cpu.blkdelay +=
curthr->cpu.blkdelay;
strcpy(curthr->gen.container,
curtask->gen.container);
switch (curthr->gen.state)
{
case 'R':
curtask->gen.nthrrun += 1;
break;
case 'S':
curtask->gen.nthrslpi += 1;
break;
case 'I':
case 'D':
curtask->gen.nthrslpu += 1;
break;
}
curthr->gen.nthr = 1;
// read network stats from netatop
netatop_gettask(curthr->gen.pid, 't',
curthr);
// all stats read now
tval++; /* increment thread-level */
cur_nth++; /* increment # threads */
if ( chdir("..") == -1); /* thread */
}
closedir(dirtask);
if ( chdir("..") == -1); /* leave task */
// calibrate number of threads
curtask->gen.nthr = cur_nth;
}
}
if ( chdir("..") == -1); /* leave process-level directry */
}
closedir(dirp);
if ( chdir(origdir) == -1)
mcleanstop(55, "cannot change to %s\n", origdir);
if (dockstat)
supportflags |= DOCKSTAT;
else
supportflags &= ~DOCKSTAT;
return tval;
}
/*
** count number of tasks in the system, i.e.
** the number of processes plus the total number of threads
*/
unsigned long
counttasks(void)
{
unsigned long nr=0;
char linebuf[256];
FILE *fp;
DIR *dirp;
struct dirent *entp;
char origdir[1024];
/*
** determine total number of threads
*/
if ( (fp = fopen("/proc/loadavg", "r")) != NULL)
{
if ( fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), fp) != NULL)
{
if ( sscanf(linebuf, "%*f %*f %*f %*d/%lu", &nr) < 1)
mcleanstop(53, "wrong /proc/loadavg\n");
}
else
mcleanstop(53, "unreadable /proc/loadavg\n");
fclose(fp);
}
else
mcleanstop(53, "can not open /proc/loadavg\n");
/*
** add total number of processes
*/
if ( getcwd(origdir, sizeof origdir) == NULL)
mcleanstop(53, "cannot determine cwd\n");
if ( chdir("/proc") == -1)
mcleanstop(53, "cannot change to /proc\n");
dirp = opendir(".");
while ( (entp = readdir(dirp)) )
{
/*
** count subdirectory names under /proc starting with a digit
*/
if (isdigit(entp->d_name[0]))
nr++;
}
closedir(dirp);
if ( chdir(origdir) == -1)
mcleanstop(53, "cannot change to %s\n", origdir);
return nr;
}
/*
** open file "stat" and obtain required info
*/
static int
procstat(struct tstat *curtask, unsigned long long bootepoch, char isproc)
{
FILE *fp;
int nr;
char line[4096], *p, *cmdhead, *cmdtail;
if ( (fp = fopen("stat", "r")) == NULL)
return 0;
if ( (nr = fread(line, 1, sizeof line-1, fp)) == 0)
{
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
line[nr] = '\0'; // terminate string
/*
** fetch command name
*/
cmdhead = strchr (line, '(');
cmdtail = strrchr(line, ')');
if (!cmdhead || !cmdtail || cmdtail < cmdhead) // parsing failed?
{
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
if ( (nr = cmdtail-cmdhead-1) > PNAMLEN)
nr = PNAMLEN;
p = curtask->gen.name;
memcpy(p, cmdhead+1, nr);
*(p+nr) = 0;
while ( (p = strchr(p, '\n')) != NULL)
{
*p = '?';
p++;
}
/*
** fetch other values
*/
curtask->gen.isproc = isproc;
curtask->cpu.rtprio = 0;
curtask->cpu.policy = 0;
curtask->gen.excode = 0;
sscanf(line, "%d", &(curtask->gen.pid)); /* fetch pid */
nr = sscanf(cmdtail+2, SCANSTAT,
&(curtask->gen.state), &(curtask->gen.ppid),
&(curtask->mem.minflt), &(curtask->mem.majflt),
&(curtask->cpu.utime), &(curtask->cpu.stime),
&(curtask->cpu.prio), &(curtask->cpu.nice),
&(curtask->gen.btime),
&(curtask->mem.vmem), &(curtask->mem.rmem),
&(curtask->cpu.curcpu), &(curtask->cpu.rtprio),
&(curtask->cpu.policy), &(curtask->cpu.blkdelay));
if (nr < 12) /* parsing failed? */
{
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
/*
** normalization
*/
curtask->gen.btime = (curtask->gen.btime+bootepoch)/hertz;
curtask->cpu.prio += 100; /* was subtracted by kernel */
curtask->mem.vmem /= 1024;
curtask->mem.rmem *= pagesize/1024;
fclose(fp);
switch (curtask->gen.state)
{
case 'R':
curtask->gen.nthrrun = 1;
break;
case 'S':
curtask->gen.nthrslpi = 1;
break;
case 'I':
case 'D':
curtask->gen.nthrslpu = 1;
break;
}
return 1;
}
/*
** open file "status" and obtain required info
*/
static int
procstatus(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[4096];
if ( (fp = fopen("status", "r")) == NULL)
return 0;
curtask->gen.nthr = 1; /* for compat with 2.4 */
curtask->cpu.sleepavg = 0; /* for compat with 2.4 */
curtask->mem.vgrow = 0; /* calculated later */
curtask->mem.rgrow = 0; /* calculated later */
while (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
if (memcmp(line, "Tgid:", 5) ==0)
{
sscanf(line, "Tgid: %d", &(curtask->gen.tgid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "Pid:", 4) ==0)
{
sscanf(line, "Pid: %d", &(curtask->gen.pid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "SleepAVG:", 9)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "SleepAVG: %d%%",
&(curtask->cpu.sleepavg));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "Uid:", 4)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "Uid: %d %d %d %d",
&(curtask->gen.ruid), &(curtask->gen.euid),
&(curtask->gen.suid), &(curtask->gen.fsuid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "Gid:", 4)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "Gid: %d %d %d %d",
&(curtask->gen.rgid), &(curtask->gen.egid),
&(curtask->gen.sgid), &(curtask->gen.fsgid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "envID:", 6) ==0)
{
sscanf(line, "envID: %d", &(curtask->gen.ctid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VPid:", 5) ==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VPid: %d", &(curtask->gen.vpid));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "Threads:", 8)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "Threads: %d", &(curtask->gen.nthr));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmData:", 7)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmData: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vdata));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmStk:", 6)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmStk: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vstack));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmExe:", 6)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmExe: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vexec));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmLib:", 6)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmLib: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vlibs));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmSwap:", 7)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmSwap: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vswap));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "VmLck:", 6)==0)
{
sscanf(line, "VmLck: %lld", &(curtask->mem.vlock));
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, "SigQ:", 5)==0)
break;
}
fclose(fp);
return 1;
}
/*
** open file "io" (>= 2.6.20) and obtain required info
*/
#define IO_READ "read_bytes:"
#define IO_WRITE "write_bytes:"
#define IO_CWRITE "cancelled_write_bytes:"
static int
procio(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[4096];
count_t dskrsz=0, dskwsz=0, dskcwsz=0;
if (supportflags & IOSTAT)
{
regainrootprivs();
if ( (fp = fopen("io", "r")) )
{
while (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
if (memcmp(line, IO_READ,
sizeof IO_READ -1) == 0)
{
sscanf(line, "%*s %llu", &dskrsz);
dskrsz /= 512; // in sectors
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, IO_WRITE,
sizeof IO_WRITE -1) == 0)
{
sscanf(line, "%*s %llu", &dskwsz);
dskwsz /= 512; // in sectors
continue;
}
if (memcmp(line, IO_CWRITE,
sizeof IO_CWRITE -1) == 0)
{
sscanf(line, "%*s %llu", &dskcwsz);
dskcwsz /= 512; // in sectors
continue;
}
}
fclose(fp);
curtask->dsk.rsz = dskrsz;
curtask->dsk.rio = dskrsz; // to enable sort
curtask->dsk.wsz = dskwsz;
curtask->dsk.wio = dskwsz; // to enable sort
curtask->dsk.cwsz = dskcwsz;
}
if (! droprootprivs())
mcleanstop(42, "failed to drop root privs\n");
}
return 1;
}
/*
** store the full command line; the command-line may contain:
** - null-bytes as a separator between the arguments
** - newlines (e.g. arguments for awk or sed)
** - tabs (e.g. arguments for awk or sed)
** these special bytes will be converted to spaces
*/
static void
proccmd(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
register int i, nr;
memset(curtask->gen.cmdline, 0, CMDLEN+1);
if ( (fp = fopen("cmdline", "r")) != NULL)
{
register char *p = curtask->gen.cmdline;
nr = fread(p, 1, CMDLEN, fp);
fclose(fp);
if (nr >= 0) /* anything read ? */
{
for (i=0; i < nr-1; i++, p++)
{
switch (*p)
{
case '\0':
case '\n':
case '\t':
*p = ' ';
}
}
}
}
}
/*
** determine the wait channel of a sleeping thread
** i.e. the name of the kernel function in which the thread
** has been put in sleep state)
*/
static void
procwchan(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
register int nr = 0;
if ( (fp = fopen("wchan", "r")) != NULL)
{
nr = fread(curtask->cpu.wchan, 1,
sizeof(curtask->cpu.wchan)-1, fp);
if (nr < 0)
nr = 0;
fclose(fp);
}
curtask->cpu.wchan[nr] = 0;
}
/*
** store the container ID, retrieved from the 'cpuset'
** that might look like this:
**
** In case of Docker:
** /system.slice/docker-af78216c2a230f1aa5dce56cbf[SNAP].scope (e.g. CentOS)
** /docker/af78216c2a230f1aa5dce56cbf[SNAP] (e.g. openSUSE and Ubuntu))
**
** In case of Docker created by K8s:
** /kubepods/burstable/pod07dbb922-[SNAP]/223dc5e15b[SNAP]
**
** In case of podman:
** /machine.slice/libpod-0b5836e9ea98aefd89481123bi[SNAP].scope
**
** In general:
** - search for last '/' (basename)
** - check if '/' followed by 'docker-': then skip 'docker-'
** - check if '/' followed by 'libpod-': then skip 'libpod-'
** - take 12 positions for the container ID
**
** Return value:
** 0 - no container
** 1 - container
*/
#define CIDSIZE 12
#define SHA256SIZE 64
#define DOCKPREFIX "docker-"
#define PODMANPREFIX "libpod-"
static int
proccont(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[256];
if ( (fp = fopen("cpuset", "r")) != NULL)
{
register char *p;
if ( fgets(line, sizeof line, fp) )
{
fclose(fp);
// fast check for processes not using cpuset
// i.e. anyhow not container
if (memcmp(line, "/\n", 3) == 0)
return 0;
// possibly container: find basename in path and
// verify that its minimum length is the size of SHA256
if ( (p = strrchr(line, '/')) != NULL &&
strlen(p) >= SHA256SIZE)
{
p++;
if (memcmp(p, DOCKPREFIX,
sizeof(DOCKPREFIX)-1) == 0)
{
p += sizeof(DOCKPREFIX)-1;
}
else
{
if (memcmp(p, PODMANPREFIX,
sizeof(PODMANPREFIX)-1) == 0)
{
p += sizeof(PODMANPREFIX)-1;
}
}
memcpy(curtask->gen.container, p, CIDSIZE);
return 1;
}
}
else
{
fclose(fp);
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
** open file "smaps" and obtain required info
** since Linux-4.14, kernel supports "smaps_rollup" which has better
** performence. check "smaps_rollup" in first call
** if kernel supports "smaps_rollup", use "smaps_rollup" instead
*/
static void
procsmaps(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[4096];
count_t pssval;
static int procsmaps_firstcall = 1;
static char *smapsfile = "smaps";
if (procsmaps_firstcall)
{
regainrootprivs();
if ( (fp = fopen("/proc/1/smaps_rollup", "r")) )
{
smapsfile = "smaps_rollup";
fclose(fp);
}
procsmaps_firstcall = 0;
}
/*
** open the file (always succeeds, even if no root privs)
*/
regainrootprivs();
if ( (fp = fopen(smapsfile, "r")) )
{
curtask->mem.pmem = 0;
while (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
if (memcmp(line, "Pss:", 4) != 0)
continue;
// PSS line found to be accumulated
sscanf(line, "Pss: %llu", &pssval);
curtask->mem.pmem += pssval;
}
/*
** verify if fgets returned NULL due to error i.s.o. EOF
*/
if (ferror(fp))
curtask->mem.pmem = (unsigned long long)-1LL;
fclose(fp);
}
else
{
curtask->mem.pmem = (unsigned long long)-1LL;
}
if (! droprootprivs())
mcleanstop(42, "failed to drop root privs\n");
}
/*
** get run_delay from /proc/<pid>/schedstat
** ref: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/scheduler/sched-stats.rst?h=v5.7-rc6
*/
static count_t
procschedstat(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[4096];
count_t runtime, rundelay = 0;
unsigned long pcount;
static char *schedstatfile = "schedstat";
/*
** open the schedstat file
*/
if ( (fp = fopen(schedstatfile, "r")) )
{
curtask->cpu.rundelay = 0;
if (fgets(line, sizeof line, fp))
{
sscanf(line, "%llu %llu %lu\n",
&runtime, &rundelay, &pcount);
curtask->cpu.rundelay = rundelay;
}
/*
** verify if fgets returned NULL due to error i.s.o. EOF
*/
if (ferror(fp))
curtask->cpu.rundelay = 0;
fclose(fp);
}
else
{
curtask->cpu.rundelay = 0;
}
return curtask->cpu.rundelay;
}
/*
** CGROUP V2 specific items
*/
#define CGROUPROOT "/sys/fs/cgroup"
#define CGROUPNHASH 64
#define CGROUPMASK 0x3f
#define MAXSLASH 16 // max. number of slashes in relative path
struct cgroupv2vals {
char *path;
int cpuweight; // -1=max, -2=undefined
int cpumax; // -1=max, -2=undefined (perc)
int cpumaxr; // -1=max, -2=undefined (perc)
long long memmax; // -1=max, -2=undefined (KiB)
long long memmaxr; // -1=max, -2=undefined (KiB)
long long swpmax; // -1=max, -2=undefined (KiB)
long long swpmaxr; // -1=max, -2=undefined (KiB)
struct cgroupv2vals *next;
};
static struct cgroupv2vals *cgrouphash[CGROUPNHASH];
/*
** get cgroup related to process from /proc/<pid>/cgroup
** return code: 0 - no cgroup v2 in use
** 1 - cgroup v2 in use
** 2 - cgroup version can not be determined
*/
static int
proccgroupv2(struct tstat *curtask)
{
FILE *fp;
char line[1024], *relpath, abspath[1200];
int hash, pathlen, restlen, nslash;
struct cgroupv2vals *pvals = NULL, *ptarget;
char *p, *slashes[MAXSLASH];
/*