Slackware 所附带的最古老的压缩工具就是 gzip(1)
了。它一次只能处理一个文件。与 zip
能够压缩和打包不同,gzip
只能压缩。你第一感觉这是个缺点,但实际上这是它的强大之处。UNIX 的哲学之一就是让程序只做一件事并做到最好。这就让程序们能以无限多的组合方式来完成工作。要想压缩一个(或多个)文件,只需将它们作为参数传递给 gzip
。
darkstar:~$ gzip /tmp/large_file
解压就使用 gunzip
,它会解压出文件并删除原来的压缩文件。
darkstar:~$ gunzip /tmp/large_file.gz
darkstar:~$ ls /tmp/large_file*
/tmp/large_file
但如果我们不希望删除压缩文件,只想查看内容的话怎么办?zcat
程序能读取 gzip
文件,解压到内存并将内容传输到标准输出(也就是终端屏幕,除非使用了重定向。重定向详见“输入输出重定向”)。
darkstar:~$ zcat /tmp/large_file.gz
Wed Aug 26 10:00:38 CDT 2009
Slackware 13.0 x86 is released as stable! Thanks to everyone who helped
make this release possible -- see the RELEASE_NOTES for the credits.
The ISOs are off to the replicator. This time it will be a 6 CD-ROM
32-bit set and a dual-sided 32-bit/64-bit x86/x86_64 DVD. We're taking
pre-orders now at store.slackware.com. Please consider picking up a copy
to help support the project. Once again, thanks to the entire Slackware
community for all the help testing and fixing things and offering
suggestions during this development cycle.