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PostgreSQL Connection Pool Plugin for RoadRunner

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A high-performance PostgreSQL connection pooling plugin for RoadRunner that dramatically reduces database connection overhead by allowing PHP workers to share a common pool of database connections.

🚀 Features

  • 80% Connection Reduction: Share connections across all PHP workers
  • Sub-millisecond Overhead: < 1ms latency for connection acquisition
  • Zero PHP Code Changes: Works with existing PDO/Doctrine/Eloquent code (via RPC)
  • Transaction-Aware: Proper isolation and transaction boundary management
  • Health Monitoring: Automatic connection health checks and recovery
  • Prometheus Metrics: Complete observability of pool performance
  • Circuit Breaker: Automatic failover on backend failures
  • Multiple Databases: Support for multiple independent connection pools

📦 Installation

Add to Your RoadRunner Build

Add the plugin to your velox.toml:

[roadrunner]
ref = "v2024.x.x"

[github]
[github.token]
token = "YOUR_GITHUB_TOKEN"

[plugins]
pg_pool = { ref = "v1.0.0", owner = "roadrunner-server", repository = "pg-pool" }

Build RoadRunner with the plugin:

vx build -c velox.toml -o rr

⚙️ Configuration

Basic Configuration

Create or update .rr.yaml:

pgpool:
  enabled: true

  # Local proxy endpoint for PostgreSQL protocol (Phase 2)
  proxy:
    address: "tcp://127.0.0.1:5433"
    max_clients: 100
    client_timeout: 30s
    auth_mode: "trust"

  # Database backends
  backends:
    primary:
      dsn: "postgres://user:password@localhost:5432/mydb?sslmode=prefer"

      pool:
        max_connections: 25
        min_connections: 5
        max_lifetime: 1h
        max_idle_time: 30m
        health_check_period: 30s
        acquire_timeout: 5s

      behavior:
        mode: "transaction"
        reset_on_return: true
        statement_cache_size: 100
        query_timeout: 30s

  # Monitoring
  monitoring:
    enabled: true
    interval: 10s
    prometheus:
      enabled: true
      namespace: "roadrunner"
      subsystem: "pgpool"

  # Logging
  logging:
    level: "info"
    slow_query:
      enabled: true
      threshold: 100ms

Multi-Database Configuration

pgpool:
  enabled: true

  backends:
    primary:
      dsn: "postgres://user:pass@db1:5432/main"
      pool:
        max_connections: 25

  # Additional databases
  databases:
    analytics:
      primary:
        dsn: "postgres://user:pass@db2:5432/analytics"
        pool:
          max_connections: 10

    cache:
      primary:
        dsn: "postgres://user:pass@db3:5432/cache"
        pool:
          max_connections: 5
        behavior:
          mode: "statement"

🔧 PHP Usage

Using RPC (Phase 1 - Current Implementation)

Install RoadRunner PHP client:

composer require spiral/roadrunner-http spiral/goridge

Execute Queries

<?php

use Spiral\Goridge\RPC\RPC;
use Spiral\Goridge\RPC\RPCInterface;

$rpc = RPC::create('tcp://127.0.0.1:6001');

// Execute SELECT query
$result = $rpc->call('pgpool.Execute', [
    'database' => 'primary',
    'query' => 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = $1 AND created_at > $2',
    'args' => [true, '2024-01-01'],
    'timeout' => 5000, // milliseconds
]);

foreach ($result['rows'] as $row) {
    echo "User: {$row['name']}\n";
}

// Execute INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
$result = $rpc->call('pgpool.Execute', [
    'database' => 'primary',
    'query' => 'INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ($1, $2)',
    'args' => ['John Doe', 'john@example.com'],
]);

echo "Inserted {$result['rows_affected']} row(s)\n";

Get Pool Statistics

<?php

$stats = $rpc->call('pgpool.GetPoolStats', [
    'database' => 'primary', // or '*' for all databases
]);

foreach ($stats['stats'] as $db => $stat) {
    echo "Database: {$db}\n";
    echo "  Total Connections: {$stat['total_connections']}\n";
    echo "  Active: {$stat['active_connections']}\n";
    echo "  Idle: {$stat['idle_connections']}\n";
    echo "  Query Count: {$stat['query_count']}\n";
    echo "  Avg Query Time: {$stat['average_query_time_ms']}ms\n";
}

Health Checks

<?php

$health = $rpc->call('pgpool.HealthCheck', [
    'database' => '*', // Check all databases
]);

foreach ($health['health'] as $db => $isHealthy) {
    echo "{$db}: " . ($isHealthy ? 'OK' : 'FAILED') . "\n";
    
    if (!$isHealthy && isset($health['errors'][$db])) {
        echo "  Error: {$health['errors'][$db]}\n";
    }
}

Helper Class for PHP

<?php

namespace App\Database;

use Spiral\Goridge\RPC\RPCInterface;

class PgPoolClient
{
    public function __construct(
        private RPCInterface $rpc,
        private string $database = 'primary'
    ) {}
    
    public function query(string $sql, array $args = []): array
    {
        $result = $this->rpc->call('pgpool.Execute', [
            'database' => $this->database,
            'query' => $sql,
            'args' => $args,
        ]);
        
        if (!empty($result['error'])) {
            throw new \RuntimeException($result['error']);
        }
        
        return $result['rows'] ?? [];
    }
    
    public function execute(string $sql, array $args = []): int
    {
        $result = $this->rpc->call('pgpool.Execute', [
            'database' => $this->database,
            'query' => $sql,
            'args' => $args,
        ]);
        
        if (!empty($result['error'])) {
            throw new \RuntimeException($result['error']);
        }
        
        return $result['rows_affected'] ?? 0;
    }
    
    public function stats(): array
    {
        $result = $this->rpc->call('pgpool.GetPoolStats', [
            'database' => $this->database,
        ]);
        
        return $result['stats'][$this->database] ?? [];
    }
}

// Usage
$pool = new PgPoolClient($rpc, 'primary');
$users = $pool->query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1', [123]);

📊 Monitoring

Prometheus Metrics

The plugin exposes the following Prometheus metrics:

  • roadrunner_pgpool_connections{database,state} - Connection counts (total/idle/active)
  • roadrunner_pgpool_acquire_duration_seconds{database} - Connection acquisition time
  • roadrunner_pgpool_query_duration_seconds{database} - Query execution time
  • roadrunner_pgpool_queries_total{database} - Total number of queries
  • roadrunner_pgpool_errors_total{database,type} - Error counts
  • roadrunner_pgpool_health_checks_total{database,status} - Health check results

Grafana Dashboard

Import the included Grafana dashboard from grafana-dashboard.json for comprehensive pool monitoring.

🔍 Troubleshooting

High Connection Usage

# Check pool statistics
./rr rpc pgpool.GetPoolStats '{"database":"*"}'

# Monitor metrics
curl http://localhost:2112/metrics | grep pgpool

Slow Queries

Enable slow query logging in .rr.yaml:

pgpool:
  logging:
    slow_query:
      enabled: true
      threshold: 100ms

Connection Errors

Check health status:

./rr rpc pgpool.HealthCheck '{"database":"*"}'

🛠️ Development Roadmap

Phase 1: RPC Interface (Current)

  • ✅ Core connection pooling
  • ✅ Basic RPC methods (Execute, Stats, HealthCheck)
  • ✅ Prometheus metrics
  • ✅ Circuit breaker
  • ⏳ Transaction support via RPC

Phase 2: PostgreSQL Wire Protocol

  • ⏳ Full protocol implementation
  • ⏳ Direct PDO/pg_* function support
  • ⏳ Prepared statement support
  • ⏳ COPY protocol

Phase 3: Advanced Features

  • ⏳ Read/write splitting
  • ⏳ Multi-replica support
  • ⏳ Query result caching
  • ⏳ Advanced load balancing

📄 License

MIT License - see LICENSE file for details.

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please read our Contributing Guide for details.

📞 Support

🙏 Acknowledgments

Built with:

  • pgx - PostgreSQL driver and toolkit
  • RoadRunner - High-performance PHP application server
  • Endure - Dependency injection container