3. Functions .ipynb

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    "# Functions\n",
    "Remember from our first chapter...\n",
    "## Using Python\n",
    "Python works with (mainly) 2 different things at the lowest level:\n",
    "1. Data types\n",
    "2. Functions\n",
    "\n",
    "Data types store data. Functions act on or change those bits of data.\n",
    "We name different <i> instances </i> of those data types and save them as variables to make our code easier to read and work with. \n",
    "\n",
    "## Why do we use functions?\n",
    "Functions allow us to:\n",
    "- reuse code - a bad pattern in programming is to duplicate code\n",
    "- test code\n",
    "- make code readable\n",
    "- control scope\n",
    "\n",
    "**Functional decomposition** is a key skill of a programmer. Functional decomposition means figuring out which pieces of code fit together in a function. Generally, a good rule of thumb is to try to make each function do just one thing but do it well. Functions shouldn't be very long- a good rule of thumb is not more than 20 lines. \n",
    "\n",
    "## Scope\n",
    "\n",
    "A local scope is made during the function call, which disapears after the function ends."
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    "## Writing Functions: Parameters\n",
    "\n",
    "Inputs to functions\n",
    "\n",
    "### Positional parameters\n",
    "\n",
    "Based on the order they appear within the ()."
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    "### Keyword parameters\n",
    "\n",
    "Based on the name\n",
    "- have defaults\n",
    "- use keyword args to enable functionality"
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    "The default values allow us to run the function without input:"
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    "We can use keyword args to enable functionality: "
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    "## Exercise - Writing your own functions\n"
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    "1. Write a function where we can multiply 2 numbers together, and add any number to it."
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    "2. Write a function to sum all the numbers in a list."
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    "3. Write a function to reverse a string. Sample String : \"1234abcd\""
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    "4. Write a function to multiply all the numbers in a list. Sample List : (8, 2, 3, -1, 7)"
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    "5. Write a function to check whether a number is in a given range."
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    "6. Write a function that takes a list and returns a new list with unique elements of the first list. Sample List : [1,2,3,3,3,3,4,5] Unique List : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
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    "7. Write a function to convert list to list of dictionaries. \n",
    "    - Sample lists: [\"Black\", \"Red\", \"Maroon\", \"Yellow\"], [\"#000000\", \"#FF0000\", \"#800000\", \"#FFFF00\"]\n",
    "    - Expected Output: [{'color_name': 'Black', 'color_code': '#000000'}, {'color_name': 'Red', 'color_code': '#FF0000'}, {'color_name': 'Maroon', 'color_code': '#800000'}, {'color_name': 'Yellow', 'color_code': '#FFFF00'}]"
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    "8. Write a function to check if a given number is within 100 of 1000. Should return either True or False."
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