diff --git a/news/12477.feature.rst b/news/12477.feature.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e318d2924bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/12477.feature.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Make pip freeze and pip uninstall of legacy editable installs of packages whose name
+contains ``_`` compatible with ``setuptools>=69``.
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py b/src/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
index eb57ed1519f..4a384a63682 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/utils/egg_link.py
@@ -15,24 +15,31 @@
 ]
 
 
-def _egg_link_name(raw_name: str) -> str:
+def _egg_link_names(raw_name: str) -> List[str]:
     """
     Convert a Name metadata value to a .egg-link name, by applying
     the same substitution as pkg_resources's safe_name function.
     Note: we cannot use canonicalize_name because it has a different logic.
+
+    We also look for the raw name (without normalization) as setuptools 69 changed
+    the way it names .egg-link files (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4167).
     """
-    return re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.]+", "-", raw_name) + ".egg-link"
+    return [
+        re.sub("[^A-Za-z0-9.]+", "-", raw_name) + ".egg-link",
+        f"{raw_name}.egg-link",
+    ]
 
 
 def egg_link_path_from_sys_path(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
     """
     Look for a .egg-link file for project name, by walking sys.path.
     """
-    egg_link_name = _egg_link_name(raw_name)
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
     for path_item in sys.path:
-        egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, egg_link_name)
-        if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
-            return egg_link
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egg_link = os.path.join(path_item, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egg_link):
+                return egg_link
     return None
 
 
@@ -64,9 +71,10 @@ def egg_link_path_from_location(raw_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
             sites.append(user_site)
         sites.append(site_packages)
 
-    egg_link_name = _egg_link_name(raw_name)
+    egg_link_names = _egg_link_names(raw_name)
     for site in sites:
-        egglink = os.path.join(site, egg_link_name)
-        if os.path.isfile(egglink):
-            return egglink
+        for egg_link_name in egg_link_names:
+            egglink = os.path.join(site, egg_link_name)
+            if os.path.isfile(egglink):
+                return egglink
     return None
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_check.py b/tests/functional/test_check.py
index e2b1c60ef3a..79b6df39c19 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_check.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_check.py
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ def test_check_complicated_name_missing(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
 
     # Without dependency
     result = script.pip("install", "--no-index", package_a_path, "--no-deps")
-    assert "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout, str(result)
+    assert (
+        "Successfully installed package_A-1.0" in result.stdout
+        or "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout
+    ), str(result)
 
     result = script.pip("check", expect_error=True)
     expected_lines = ("package-a 1.0 requires dependency-b, which is not installed.",)
@@ -142,7 +145,10 @@ def test_check_complicated_name_broken(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
 
     # With broken dependency
     result = script.pip("install", "--no-index", package_a_path, "--no-deps")
-    assert "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout, str(result)
+    assert (
+        "Successfully installed package_A-1.0" in result.stdout
+        or "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout
+    ), str(result)
 
     result = script.pip(
         "install",
@@ -175,7 +181,10 @@ def test_check_complicated_name_clean(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     )
 
     result = script.pip("install", "--no-index", package_a_path, "--no-deps")
-    assert "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout, str(result)
+    assert (
+        "Successfully installed package_A-1.0" in result.stdout
+        or "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout
+    ), str(result)
 
     result = script.pip(
         "install",
@@ -203,7 +212,10 @@ def test_check_considers_conditional_reqs(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     )
 
     result = script.pip("install", "--no-index", package_a_path, "--no-deps")
-    assert "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout, str(result)
+    assert (
+        "Successfully installed package_A-1.0" in result.stdout
+        or "Successfully installed package-A-1.0" in result.stdout
+    ), str(result)
 
     result = script.pip("check", expect_error=True)
     expected_lines = ("package-a 1.0 requires dependency-b, which is not installed.",)
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_freeze.py b/tests/functional/test_freeze.py
index b2fd1d62982..b7af974ea61 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_freeze.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_freeze.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def test_freeze_editable_not_vcs(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     # the freeze code does.
     expected = textwrap.dedent(
         f"""\
-    ...# Editable install with no version control (version-pkg==0.1)
+    ...# Editable install with no version control (version...pkg==0.1)
     -e {os.path.normcase(pkg_path)}
     ..."""
     )
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def test_freeze_editable_git_with_no_remote(
     # the freeze code does.
     expected = textwrap.dedent(
         f"""\
-    ...# Editable Git install with no remote (version-pkg==0.1)
+    ...# Editable Git install with no remote (version...pkg==0.1)
     -e {os.path.normcase(pkg_path)}
     ..."""
     )
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ def test_freeze_git_remote(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     expected = os.path.normcase(
         textwrap.dedent(
             f"""
-            ...# Editable Git...(version-pkg...)...
+            ...# Editable Git...(version...pkg...)...
             # '{other_remote}'
             -e {repo_dir}...
         """
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_install.py b/tests/functional/test_install.py
index b18fabc84c9..3411f66d801 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_install.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_install.py
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def test_basic_install_editable_from_svn(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     checkout_path = _create_test_package(script.scratch_path)
     repo_url = _create_svn_repo(script.scratch_path, checkout_path)
     result = script.pip("install", "-e", "svn+" + repo_url + "#egg=version-pkg")
-    result.assert_installed("version-pkg", with_files=[".svn"])
+    result.assert_installed("version_pkg", with_files=[".svn"])
 
 
 def _test_install_editable_from_git(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_install_reqs.py b/tests/functional/test_install_reqs.py
index c2d951f2695..993f25a2abf 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_install_reqs.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_install_reqs.py
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ def test_install_local_editable_with_subdirectory(script: PipTestEnvironment) ->
         ),
     )
 
-    result.assert_installed("version-subpkg", sub_dir="version_subdir")
+    result.assert_installed("version_subpkg", sub_dir="version_subdir")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.network
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_install_vcs_git.py b/tests/functional/test_install_vcs_git.py
index 2abc7aa0fd2..e59b269a61f 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_install_vcs_git.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_install_vcs_git.py
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ def test_git_with_ambiguous_revs(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     assert "Could not find a tag or branch" not in result.stdout
     # it is 'version-pkg' instead of 'version_pkg' because
     # egg-link name is version-pkg.egg-link because it is a single .py module
-    result.assert_installed("version-pkg", with_files=[".git"])
+    result.assert_installed("version_pkg", with_files=[".git"])
 
 
 def test_editable__no_revision(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_new_resolver.py b/tests/functional/test_new_resolver.py
index 62e56adb2b5..afe07cbf3ec 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_new_resolver.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_new_resolver.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
 
 import pytest
+from packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
 
 from tests.conftest import ScriptFactory
 from tests.lib import (
@@ -27,9 +28,13 @@ def assert_editable(script: PipTestEnvironment, *args: str) -> None:
     # This simply checks whether all of the listed packages have a
     # corresponding .egg-link file installed.
     # TODO: Implement a more rigorous way to test for editable installations.
-    egg_links = {f"{arg}.egg-link" for arg in args}
-    assert egg_links <= set(
-        os.listdir(script.site_packages_path)
+    egg_links = {f"{canonicalize_name(arg)}.egg-link" for arg in args}
+    actual_egg_links = {
+        f"{canonicalize_name(p.stem)}.egg-link"
+        for p in script.site_packages_path.glob("*.egg-link")
+    }
+    assert (
+        egg_links <= actual_egg_links
     ), f"{args!r} not all found in {script.site_packages_path!r}"
 
 
@@ -1847,7 +1852,7 @@ def test_new_resolver_succeeds_on_matching_constraint_and_requirement(
 
     script.assert_installed(test_pkg="0.1.0")
     if editable:
-        assert_editable(script, "test-pkg")
+        assert_editable(script, "test_pkg")
 
 
 def test_new_resolver_applies_url_constraint_to_dep(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_show.py b/tests/functional/test_show.py
index b8ec0510a1e..05fccbbe327 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_show.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_show.py
@@ -277,7 +277,10 @@ def test_show_required_by_packages_basic(
     lines = result.stdout.splitlines()
 
     assert "Name: simple" in lines
-    assert "Required-by: requires-simple" in lines
+    assert (
+        "Required-by: requires_simple" in lines
+        or "Required-by: requires-simple" in lines
+    )
 
 
 def test_show_required_by_packages_capitalized(
@@ -294,7 +297,10 @@ def test_show_required_by_packages_capitalized(
     lines = result.stdout.splitlines()
 
     assert "Name: simple" in lines
-    assert "Required-by: Requires-Capitalized" in lines
+    assert (
+        "Required-by: Requires_Capitalized" in lines
+        or "Required-by: Requires-Capitalized" in lines
+    )
 
 
 def test_show_required_by_packages_requiring_capitalized(
@@ -314,8 +320,13 @@ def test_show_required_by_packages_requiring_capitalized(
     lines = result.stdout.splitlines()
     print(lines)
 
-    assert "Name: Requires-Capitalized" in lines
-    assert "Required-by: requires-requires-capitalized" in lines
+    assert (
+        "Name: Requires_Capitalized" in lines or "Name: Requires-Capitalized" in lines
+    )
+    assert (
+        "Required-by: requires_requires_capitalized" in lines
+        or "Required-by: requires-requires-capitalized" in lines
+    )
 
 
 def test_show_skip_work_dir_pkg(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/lib/__init__.py b/tests/lib/__init__.py
index f14837e24ea..ea755c83812 100644
--- a/tests/lib/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/lib/__init__.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 from pip._internal.models.selection_prefs import SelectionPreferences
 from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
 from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
+from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import _egg_link_names
 from tests.lib.venv import VirtualEnvironment
 from tests.lib.wheel import make_wheel
 
@@ -305,6 +306,12 @@ def files_updated(self) -> FoundFiles:
     def files_deleted(self) -> FoundFiles:
         return FoundFiles(self._impl.files_deleted)
 
+    def _get_egg_link_path_created(self, egg_link_paths: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        for egg_link_path in egg_link_paths:
+            if egg_link_path in self.files_created:
+                return egg_link_path
+        return None
+
     def assert_installed(
         self,
         pkg_name: str,
@@ -320,7 +327,7 @@ def assert_installed(
         e = self.test_env
 
         if editable:
-            pkg_dir = e.venv / "src" / pkg_name.lower()
+            pkg_dir = e.venv / "src" / canonicalize_name(pkg_name)
             # If package was installed in a sub directory
             if sub_dir:
                 pkg_dir = pkg_dir / sub_dir
@@ -329,22 +336,30 @@ def assert_installed(
             pkg_dir = e.site_packages / pkg_name
 
         if use_user_site:
-            egg_link_path = e.user_site / f"{pkg_name}.egg-link"
+            egg_link_paths = [
+                e.user_site / egg_link_name
+                for egg_link_name in _egg_link_names(pkg_name)
+            ]
         else:
-            egg_link_path = e.site_packages / f"{pkg_name}.egg-link"
+            egg_link_paths = [
+                e.site_packages / egg_link_name
+                for egg_link_name in _egg_link_names(pkg_name)
+            ]
 
+        egg_link_path_created = self._get_egg_link_path_created(egg_link_paths)
         if without_egg_link:
-            if egg_link_path in self.files_created:
+            if egg_link_path_created:
                 raise TestFailure(
-                    f"unexpected egg link file created: {egg_link_path!r}\n{self}"
+                    f"unexpected egg link file created: {egg_link_path_created!r}\n"
+                    f"{self}"
                 )
         else:
-            if egg_link_path not in self.files_created:
+            if not egg_link_path_created:
                 raise TestFailure(
-                    f"expected egg link file missing: {egg_link_path!r}\n{self}"
+                    f"expected egg link file missing: {egg_link_paths!r}\n{self}"
                 )
 
-            egg_link_file = self.files_created[egg_link_path]
+            egg_link_file = self.files_created[egg_link_path_created]
             egg_link_contents = egg_link_file.bytes.replace(os.linesep, "\n")
 
             # FIXME: I don't understand why there's a trailing . here