diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/BaseFluids.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/BaseFluids.java
index 39c24276c..aa351946d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/BaseFluids.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/BaseFluids.java
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 package io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base;
 
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.machines.smelting.Slurry;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.recipes.CastingRecipe;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.recipes.MeltingRecipe;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.fluid.PylonFluid;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.fluid.tags.FluidTemperature;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.recipe.RecipeInput;
 import org.bukkit.Material;
-import org.bukkit.NamespacedKey;
 import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import static io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.BaseUtils.baseKey;
 
@@ -158,171 +153,33 @@ private BaseFluids() {
     // TODO refactor into static blocks as in BaseItems
     public static void initialize() {
         WATER.register();
-
         LAVA.register();
-
         OBSCYRA.register();
-
         SULFUR.register();
-
         MERCURY.register();
-
         COPPER.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                COPPER,
-                1083,
-                new ItemStack(Material.COPPER_INGOT),
-                BaseItems.COPPER_DUST,
-                null,
-                new ItemStack(Material.COPPER_BLOCK)
-        );
-
         GOLD.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                GOLD,
-                1064,
-                new ItemStack(Material.GOLD_INGOT),
-                BaseItems.GOLD_DUST,
-                null,
-                new ItemStack(Material.GOLD_BLOCK)
-        );
-
         IRON.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                IRON,
-                1064,
-                new ItemStack(Material.IRON_INGOT),
-                BaseItems.IRON_DUST,
-                new ItemStack(Material.IRON_NUGGET),
-                new ItemStack(Material.IRON_BLOCK)
-        );
-
         TIN.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                TIN,
-                231.9,
-                BaseItems.TIN_INGOT,
-                BaseItems.TIN_DUST,
-                BaseItems.TIN_NUGGET,
-                BaseItems.TIN_BLOCK
-        );
-
         COBALT.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                COBALT,
-                1495,
-                BaseItems.COBALT_INGOT,
-                BaseItems.COBALT_DUST,
-                BaseItems.COBALT_NUGGET,
-                BaseItems.COBALT_BLOCK
-        );
-
         NICKEL.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                NICKEL,
-                1455,
-                BaseItems.NICKEL_INGOT,
-                BaseItems.NICKEL_DUST,
-                BaseItems.NICKEL_NUGGET,
-                BaseItems.NICKEL_BLOCK
-        );
-
         BRONZE.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                BRONZE,
-                950,
-                BaseItems.BRONZE_INGOT,
-                BaseItems.BRONZE_DUST,
-                BaseItems.BRONZE_NUGGET,
-                BaseItems.BRONZE_BLOCK
-        );
-
         STEEL.register();
-        addMetalRecipes(
-                STEEL,
-                950,
-                BaseItems.STEEL_INGOT,
-                BaseItems.STEEL_DUST,
-                BaseItems.STEEL_NUGGET,
-                BaseItems.STEEL_BLOCK
-        );
 
         SLURRY.register();
-
         COAL_SLURRY.register();
-
         CARBON_SLURRY.register();
-
         SPONGE_IRON_SLURRY.register();
-
         RAW_COPPER_SLURRY.register();
-
         RAW_GOLD_SLURRY.register();
-
         RAW_IRON_SLURRY.register();
-
         RAW_TIN_SLURRY.register();
-
         REDSTONE_SLURRY.register();
 
         PLANT_OIL.register();
-
         HYDRAULIC_FLUID.register();
-
         DIRTY_HYDRAULIC_FLUID.register();
-
         REFLECTOR_FLUID.register();
-
         BIODIESEL.register();
     }
-
-    private static void addMetalRecipes(
-            PylonFluid fluid,
-            double temperature,
-            ItemStack ingot,
-            ItemStack dust,
-            @Nullable ItemStack nugget,
-            ItemStack block
-    ) {
-        CastingRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE.addRecipe(new CastingRecipe(
-                NamespacedKey.fromString(fluid.getKey() + "_to_ingot"),
-                RecipeInput.of(fluid, 144.0),
-                ingot,
-                temperature
-        ));
-
-        MeltingRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE.addRecipe(new MeltingRecipe(
-                NamespacedKey.fromString(fluid.getKey() + "_from_ingot"),
-                RecipeInput.of(ingot),
-                fluid,
-                144.0,
-                temperature
-        ));
-
-        MeltingRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE.addRecipe(new MeltingRecipe(
-                NamespacedKey.fromString(fluid.getKey() + "_from_dust"),
-                RecipeInput.of(dust),
-                fluid,
-                144.0,
-                temperature
-        ));
-
-        if (nugget != null) {
-            MeltingRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE.addRecipe(new MeltingRecipe(
-                    NamespacedKey.fromString(fluid.getKey() + "_from_nugget"),
-                    RecipeInput.of(nugget),
-                    fluid,
-                    16.0,
-                    temperature
-            ));
-        }
-
-        MeltingRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE.addRecipe(new MeltingRecipe(
-                NamespacedKey.fromString(fluid.getKey() + "_from_block"),
-                RecipeInput.of(block),
-                fluid,
-                1296.0,
-                temperature
-        ));
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/PylonBase.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/PylonBase.java
index d7b8b2e87..78ba24ce4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/PylonBase.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/PylonBase.java
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.building.IgneousCompositeListener;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.building.Immobilizer;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.machines.fluid.Sprinkler;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.machines.simple.Grindstone;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.tools.HealthTalisman;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.machines.smelting.Bloomery;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.tools.HealthTalisman;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.tools.ItemMagnet;
@@ -59,9 +61,10 @@ public void onEnable() {
         pm.registerEvents(new Rune.RuneListener(), this);
         pm.registerEvents(new SoulboundRune.SoulboundRuneListener(), this);
         pm.registerEvents(new Bloomery.CreationListener(), this);
+        pm.registerEvents(new Grindstone.PlaceListener(), this);
 
         new ItemMagnet.Ticker().runTaskTimer(this, 0, 10);
-        new HealthTalisman.HealthTalismanTicker().runTaskTimer(this, 0, 40);
+        new HealthTalisman.HealthTalismanTicker().runTaskTimer(this, 0, BaseConfig.HEALTH_TALISMAN_CHECK_INTERVAL);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/building/Immobilizer.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/building/Immobilizer.java
index e9c7b9c01..ecf279b1f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/building/Immobilizer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/building/Immobilizer.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.config.adapter.ConfigAdapter;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.i18n.PylonArgument;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.unit.UnitFormat;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.position.BlockPosition;
 import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
 import org.bukkit.NamespacedKey;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 import org.bukkit.scheduler.BukkitScheduler;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
+import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -46,9 +48,9 @@ public Item(@NotNull ItemStack stack) {
         @Override
         public @NotNull List<PylonArgument> getPlaceholders() {
             return List.of(
-                    PylonArgument.of("duration", duration),
-                    PylonArgument.of("radius", radius),
-                    PylonArgument.of("cooldown", cooldown)
+                    PylonArgument.of("duration", UnitFormat.formatDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(duration / 20))),
+                    PylonArgument.of("radius", UnitFormat.BLOCKS.format(radius)),
+                    PylonArgument.of("cooldown", UnitFormat.formatDuration(Duration.ofMillis(cooldown * 50L)))
             );
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/diesel/DieselPipeBender.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/diesel/DieselPipeBender.java
index 6d3a84a0e..11fa0e889 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/diesel/DieselPipeBender.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/diesel/DieselPipeBender.java
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.i18n.PylonArgument;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.builder.ItemStackBuilder;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.GuiItems;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.ProgressItem;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.unit.UnitFormat;
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
 
             // check output has no item or the same item as the result
             ItemStack outputItem = outputInventory.getItem(0);
-            if (outputItem != null && !PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(outputItem, recipe.result())) {
+            if (outputItem != null && !outputItem.isSimilar(recipe.result())) {
                 return;
             }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/CoalFiredPurificationTower.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/CoalFiredPurificationTower.java
index 178d5fd6c..d348ad011 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/CoalFiredPurificationTower.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/CoalFiredPurificationTower.java
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
         if (fuelTicksRemaining == null) {
             ItemStack item = inventory.getUnsafeItem(0);
             for (Map.Entry<ItemStack, Integer> fuel : FUELS.entrySet()) {
-                if (item == null || !PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(item, fuel.getKey())) {
+                if (item == null || !item.isSimilar(fuel.getKey())) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicExcavator.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicExcavator.java
index d4b0db44a..3eefc5cde 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicExcavator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicExcavator.java
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.BaseFluids;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.BaseKeys;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.PylonBlock;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonEntityHolderBlock;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonFluidBufferBlock;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonInteractBlock;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonTickingBlock;
@@ -133,13 +132,12 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
                 Block block = position.getBlock();
                 if (Tag.MINEABLE_SHOVEL.isTagged(block.getType())) {
                     block.breakNaturally();
+                    removeFluid(BaseFluids.HYDRAULIC_FLUID, hydraulicFluidUsed);
+                    addFluid(BaseFluids.DIRTY_HYDRAULIC_FLUID, hydraulicFluidUsed);
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        removeFluid(BaseFluids.HYDRAULIC_FLUID, hydraulicFluidUsed);
-        addFluid(BaseFluids.DIRTY_HYDRAULIC_FLUID, hydraulicFluidUsed);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicHammerHead.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicHammerHead.java
index 47f3399c8..31d9578f6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicHammerHead.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicHammerHead.java
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
 
         Bukkit.getScheduler().runTaskLater(PylonBase.getInstance(), () -> {
             BaseUtils.animate(getHammerHead(), hammer.cooldownTicks - GO_DOWN_TIME_TICKS, getHeadTransformation(0.7));
-            BaseUtils.animate(getHammerTip(), hammer.cooldownTicks - GO_DOWN_TIME_TICKS, getHeadTransformation(0.7));
+            BaseUtils.animate(getHammerTip(), hammer.cooldownTicks - GO_DOWN_TIME_TICKS, getTipTransformation(-0.3));
 
             new ParticleBuilder(Particle.BLOCK)
                     .data(baseBlock.getBlockData())
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicTableSaw.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicTableSaw.java
index 9f1c628e0..a095c46f7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicTableSaw.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/hydraulics/HydraulicTableSaw.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.fluid.FluidPointType;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.i18n.PylonArgument;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.unit.UnitFormat;
 import org.bukkit.Material;
 import org.bukkit.Particle;
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
             double hydraulicFluidUsed = recipe.timeTicks() * HYDRAULIC_FLUID_USAGE;
             if (fluidAmount(BaseFluids.HYDRAULIC_FLUID) < hydraulicFluidUsed
                     || fluidSpaceRemaining(BaseFluids.DIRTY_HYDRAULIC_FLUID) < hydraulicFluidUsed
-                    || !PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(stack, recipe.input())
+                    || !stack.isSimilar(recipe.input())
                     || stack.getAmount() < recipe.input().getAmount()
             ) {
                 continue;
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/simple/Grindstone.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/simple/Grindstone.java
index a9637bb50..6e5accf8b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/simple/Grindstone.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/simple/Grindstone.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.config.adapter.ConfigAdapter;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.ItemDisplayBuilder;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.transform.TransformBuilder;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.event.PrePylonBlockPlaceEvent;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.event.PrePylonCraftEvent;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.event.PylonCraftEvent;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.builder.ItemStackBuilder;
@@ -23,8 +24,11 @@
 import org.bukkit.Material;
 import org.bukkit.Particle;
 import org.bukkit.block.Block;
+import org.bukkit.block.data.type.Slab;
 import org.bukkit.entity.ItemDisplay;
 import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
+import org.bukkit.event.EventHandler;
+import org.bukkit.event.Listener;
 import org.bukkit.event.block.Action;
 import org.bukkit.event.player.PlayerInteractEvent;
 import org.bukkit.inventory.EquipmentSlot;
@@ -201,4 +205,20 @@ public boolean tryStartRecipe(@NotNull GrindstoneRecipe nextRecipe, @Nullable Pl
                 .rotate(0, rotation, 0)
                 .buildForItemDisplay();
     }
+
+    public static final class PlaceListener implements Listener {
+        @EventHandler
+        private void onPlace(PrePylonBlockPlaceEvent e) {
+            if (!e.getBlockSchema().getKey().equals(BaseKeys.GRINDSTONE)) return;
+            Slab slab = (Slab) e.getBlock().getBlockData();
+            switch (slab.getType()) {
+                case TOP -> {
+                    slab.setType(Slab.Type.BOTTOM);
+                    e.getBlock().setBlockData(slab);
+                }
+                case BOTTOM -> { /* Allow */ }
+                case DOUBLE -> e.setCancelled(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/Bloomery.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/Bloomery.java
index 02bd18590..b97bf9c8d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/Bloomery.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/Bloomery.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.ItemDisplayBuilder;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.transform.TransformBuilder;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
 import org.bukkit.Location;
 import org.bukkit.Material;
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
         ItemStack stack = itemDisplay.getItemStack();
         if (stack.getType().isAir()) return;
 
-        if (PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(stack, BaseItems.SPONGE_IRON)) {
+        if (stack.isSimilar(BaseItems.SPONGE_IRON)) {
             IronBloom bloom = new IronBloom(BaseItems.IRON_BLOOM.clone());
             bloom.setTemperature(0);
             bloom.setWorking(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(IronBloom.MIN_WORKING, IronBloom.MAX_WORKING + 1));
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ private void onSetFire(@NotNull BlockPlaceEvent event) {
             if (items.isEmpty()) return;
             Item gypsum = null;
             for (Item item : items) {
-                if (PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(item.getItemStack(), BaseItems.GYPSUM_DUST)) {
+                if (item.getItemStack().isSimilar(BaseItems.GYPSUM_DUST)) {
                     gypsum = item;
                     break;
                 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/BronzeAnvil.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/BronzeAnvil.java
index 8e69f7a08..27a34e863 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/BronzeAnvil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/BronzeAnvil.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.ItemDisplayBuilder;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.entity.display.transform.TransformBuilder;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import net.kyori.adventure.sound.Sound;
 import org.bukkit.Location;
 import org.bukkit.Particle;
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ private void onLeftClick(@NotNull PlayerInteractEvent event) {
         if (temperature == 0) {
             player.swingHand(EquipmentSlot.HAND);
             return;
-        } else if (PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(item, BaseItems.TONGS)) {
+        } else if (item.isSimilar(BaseItems.TONGS)) {
             workingChange -= temperature;
             getBlock().getWorld().playSound(TONGS_SOUND, player);
         } else if (PylonItem.fromStack(item) instanceof Hammer hammer) {
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ private void onLeftClick(@NotNull PlayerInteractEvent event) {
         }
         bloom.setWorking(newWorking);
         itemDisplay.setItemStack(bloom.getStack());
-        transformForWorking(newWorking, PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(item, BaseItems.TONGS));
+        transformForWorking(newWorking, item.isSimilar(BaseItems.TONGS));
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryBurner.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryBurner.java
index 5c33063aa..5b25818e6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryBurner.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryBurner.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import xyz.xenondevs.invui.gui.Gui;
 import xyz.xenondevs.invui.inventory.VirtualInventory;
 
-import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import static io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.BaseUtils.baseKey;
@@ -105,14 +104,14 @@ public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
         SmelteryController controller = getController();
         if (controller != null && controller.isRunning()) {
             if (fuel != null) {
-                controller.heatAsymptotically(deltaSeconds, fuel.temperature);
+                controller.heatAsymptotically(fuel.temperature);
             } else {
                 itemLoop:
                 for (int i = 0; i < inventory.getSize(); i++) {
                     ItemStack item = inventory.getItem(i);
                     if (item == null) continue;
                     for (Fuel fuel : FUELS) {
-                        if (PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(item, fuel.material)) {
+                        if (item.isSimilar(fuel.material)) {
                             this.fuel = fuel;
                             progressItem.setItemStackBuilder(burningProgressItem);
                             progressItem.setTotalTimeSeconds((int) fuel.burnTimeSeconds);
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryController.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryController.java
index dfeb09de5..cb3d37bf2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryController.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/machines/smelting/SmelteryController.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.BaseUtils;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.HslColor;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.BlockStorage;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.*;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonGuiBlock;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonMultiblock;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.base.PylonTickingBlock;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.context.BlockBreakContext;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.context.BlockCreateContext;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.config.Config;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@
 import xyz.xenondevs.invui.item.impl.AbstractItem;
 
 import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.BaseUtils.baseKey;
@@ -63,7 +66,7 @@ public final class SmelteryController extends SmelteryComponent
 
     private static final Config settings = Settings.get(BaseKeys.SMELTERY_CONTROLLER);
     public static final int TICK_INTERVAL = settings.getOrThrow("tick-interval", ConfigAdapter.INT);
-    public static final double FLUID_REACTION_PER_SECOND = settings.getOrThrow("fluid-reaction-per-second", ConfigAdapter.DOUBLE);
+    public static final double FLUID_REACTION_PER_TICK = settings.getOrThrow("fluid-reaction-per-tick", ConfigAdapter.DOUBLE);
     public static final double HEATING_FACTOR = settings.getOrThrow("heating-factor", ConfigAdapter.DOUBLE);
     public static final double COOLING_FACTOR = settings.getOrThrow("cooling-factor", ConfigAdapter.DOUBLE);
     public static final double ROOM_TEMPERATURE = settings.getOrThrow("room-temperature", ConfigAdapter.DOUBLE);
@@ -77,9 +80,12 @@ public final class SmelteryController extends SmelteryComponent
                     .thenComparing(fluid -> fluid.getKey().toString())
     );
 
-    @Getter private boolean running;
-    @Getter private double temperature;
-    @Getter private double capacity;
+    @Getter
+    private boolean running;
+    @Getter
+    private double temperature;
+    @Getter
+    private double capacity;
     private int height;
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unused")
@@ -102,6 +108,7 @@ public SmelteryController(@NotNull Block block, @NotNull PersistentDataContainer
 
     @Override
     public void write(@NotNull PersistentDataContainer pdc) {
+        applyHeat();
         pdc.set(RUNNING_KEY, PylonSerializers.BOOLEAN, running);
         pdc.set(TEMPERATURE_KEY, PylonSerializers.DOUBLE, temperature);
         pdc.set(FLUIDS_KEY, PylonSerializers.MAP.mapTypeFrom(PylonSerializers.PYLON_FLUID, PylonSerializers.DOUBLE), fluids);
@@ -289,13 +296,12 @@ public void onMultiblockFormed() {
 
     @Override
     public void onMultiblockRefreshed() {
-        double previousCapacity = capacity;
         capacity = height * insidePositions.size() * 1000;
-
-        if (capacity < previousCapacity) {
-            double removeRatio = 1 - (capacity / previousCapacity);
-            for (PylonFluid fluid : new HashSet<>(fluids.keySet())) {
-                removeFluid(fluid, fluids.getDouble(fluid) * removeRatio);
+        double totalFluid = getTotalFluid();
+        if (totalFluid > capacity) {
+            double ratio = capacity / totalFluid;
+            for (PylonFluid fluid : fluids.keySet()) {
+                fluids.computeDouble(fluid, (key, value) -> value * ratio);
             }
         }
 
@@ -397,8 +403,23 @@ public double getTotalFluid() {
 
     // <editor-fold desc="Heating" defaultstate="collapsed">
     private int heaters = 0;
-    public void heatAsymptotically(double dt, double target) {
-        temperature += (target - temperature) * HEATING_FACTOR * dt * ++heaters;
+    private double avgTarget = -1;
+
+    public void heatAsymptotically(double target) {
+        if (avgTarget == -1) {
+            avgTarget = target;
+            heaters = 1;
+        } else {
+            avgTarget += (target - avgTarget) / ++heaters;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void applyHeat() {
+        if (temperature < avgTarget) {
+            temperature += (avgTarget - temperature) * HEATING_FACTOR;
+        }
+        avgTarget = -1;
+        heaters = 0;
     }
     // </editor-fold>
 
@@ -407,17 +428,13 @@ public void heatAsymptotically(double dt, double target) {
     private static final int RESOLUTION = Settings.get(BaseKeys.SMELTERY_CONTROLLER).getOrThrow("display.resolution", ConfigAdapter.INT);
     private static final int PIXELS_PER_SIDE = 3 * RESOLUTION;
 
-    private final SimplexOctaveGenerator noise = new SimplexOctaveGenerator(
-            getBlock().getWorld().getSeed(), 4
-    );
+    private static final SimplexOctaveGenerator LAVA_NOISE = new SimplexOctaveGenerator(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(), 4);
 
-    {
-        noise.setScale(1 / 16.0);
+    static {
+        LAVA_NOISE.setScale(1 / 16.0);
     }
 
-    private double cumulativeSeconds = 0;
-
-    public void spawnPixels() {
+    private void spawnPixels() {
         pixels.clear();
 
         Location location = center.getLocation().add(-1, 0, -1);
@@ -439,14 +456,14 @@ public void spawnPixels() {
         }
     }
 
-    public @NotNull List<TextDisplay> getPixels() {
+    private @NotNull List<TextDisplay> getPixels() {
         if (pixels.isEmpty()) {
             spawnPixels();
         }
         return pixels;
     }
 
-    public void removePixels() {
+    private void removePixels() {
         for (TextDisplay pixel : pixels) {
             if (pixel.isValid()) {
                 pixel.remove();
@@ -480,10 +497,10 @@ private void updateFluidDisplay() {
 
             int x = i % PIXELS_PER_SIDE;
             int z = (i / PIXELS_PER_SIDE) % PIXELS_PER_SIDE;
-            double value = noise.noise(
+            double value = LAVA_NOISE.noise(
                     x,
                     z,
-                    cumulativeSeconds * LIGHTNESS_SPEED,
+                    (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000.0) * LIGHTNESS_SPEED,
                     0.01,
                     0.01,
                     true
@@ -513,7 +530,7 @@ private void updateFluidDisplay() {
     }
     // </editor-fold>
 
-    private void performRecipes(double deltaSeconds) {
+    private void performRecipes() {
         if (fluids.isEmpty()) return;
         recipeLoop:
         for (SmelteryRecipe recipe : SmelteryRecipe.RECIPE_TYPE) {
@@ -524,7 +541,7 @@ private void performRecipes(double deltaSeconds) {
             }
 
             double highestFluidAmount = getFluidAmount(recipe.getHighestFluid());
-            double consumptionRatio = highestFluidAmount / (deltaSeconds * FLUID_REACTION_PER_SECOND);
+            double consumptionRatio = highestFluidAmount / FLUID_REACTION_PER_TICK;
             double currentTemperature = temperature;
             for (var entry : recipe.getFluidInputs().entrySet()) {
                 PylonFluid fluid = entry.getKey();
@@ -542,13 +559,12 @@ private void performRecipes(double deltaSeconds) {
 
     @Override
     public void tick(double deltaSeconds) {
-        cumulativeSeconds += deltaSeconds;
         if (isFormedAndFullyLoaded()) {
             if (running) {
-                performRecipes(deltaSeconds);
+                applyHeat();
+                performRecipes();
             }
-            temperature -= (temperature - ROOM_TEMPERATURE) * COOLING_FACTOR * deltaSeconds;
-            heaters = 0;
+            temperature -= (temperature - ROOM_TEMPERATURE) * COOLING_FACTOR;
             updateFluidDisplay();
         }
         infoItem.notifyWindows();
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/resources/IronBloom.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/resources/IronBloom.java
index e41380d2b..e732cb99d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/resources/IronBloom.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/resources/IronBloom.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.datatypes.PylonSerializers;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.base.PylonInventoryTicker;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import org.bukkit.NamespacedKey;
 import org.bukkit.damage.DamageSource;
 import org.bukkit.damage.DamageType;
@@ -83,8 +82,8 @@ public long getTickInterval() {
 
     @Override
     public void onTick(@NotNull Player player) {
-        if (PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(player.getInventory().getItemInMainHand(), BaseItems.TONGS) ||
-                PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar(player.getInventory().getItemInOffHand(), BaseItems.TONGS)) {
+        if (player.getInventory().getItemInMainHand().isSimilar(BaseItems.TONGS) ||
+                player.getInventory().getItemInOffHand().isSimilar(BaseItems.TONGS)) {
             return;
         }
         player.damage(UNPROTECTED_DAMAGE, DamageSource.builder(DamageType.HOT_FLOOR).build());
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/science/Loupe.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/science/Loupe.java
index db42e756d..2f2c18329 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/science/Loupe.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/science/Loupe.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.science;
 
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.BaseKeys;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.PylonBase;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.block.BlockStorage;
@@ -31,11 +32,7 @@
 import org.bukkit.persistence.PersistentDataType;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.EnumMap;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.Locale;
-import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.*;
 
 
 @SuppressWarnings("UnstableApiUsage")
@@ -113,6 +110,11 @@ public void onUsedToRightClick(@NotNull PlayerInteractEvent event) {
     }
 
     private static boolean processMaterial(Material type, Player player) {
+        if (!type.isItem()) {
+            player.sendMessage(Component.translatable("pylon.pylonbase.message.loupe.invalid_block"));
+            return true;
+        }
+
         var items = player.getPersistentDataContainer().getOrDefault(CONSUMED_KEY, CONSUMED_TYPE, Map.of());
         ItemRarity rarity = type.getDefaultData(DataComponentTypes.RARITY);
         int maxUses = itemConfigs.get(rarity).uses;
@@ -155,12 +157,12 @@ public void onConsumed(@NotNull PlayerItemConsumeEvent event) {
         // process block aimed at
         Material blockType = toScan.getType();
         BlockType bt = blockType.asBlockType();
-        if (bt == null) return; // shouldn't happen
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(bt);
 
+        if (!new BlockBreakEvent(toScan, player).callEvent()) return;
         if (addPoints(blockType, Component.translatable(bt.translationKey()), player)) return;
         if (blockType.getHardness() > 0f) { // filter out unbreakable blocks
             toScan.setType(Material.AIR);
-            new BlockBreakEvent(toScan, player).callEvent();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/Hammer.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/Hammer.java
index 97fcc8980..1d203b736 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/Hammer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/Hammer.java
@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.event.PrePylonCraftEvent;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.event.PylonCraftEvent;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItemSchema;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.base.PylonBlockInteractor;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.registry.PylonRegistry;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.MiningLevel;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.RandomizedSound;
@@ -31,7 +29,6 @@
 import org.bukkit.util.Vector;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
-import org.jetbrains.annotations.Unmodifiable;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -81,10 +78,7 @@ public boolean tryDoRecipe(@NotNull Block block, @Nullable Player player, @Nulla
 
             anyRecipeAttempted = true;
 
-            float adjustedChance = recipe.chance() *
-                    // Each tier is twice as likely to succeed as the previous one
-                    (1 << miningLevel.getNumericalLevel() - recipe.level().getNumericalLevel());
-            if (ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextFloat() > adjustedChance) continue;
+            if (ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextFloat() > recipe.getChanceFor(miningLevel)) continue;
 
             for (ItemStack item : items) {
                 if (recipe.input().matches(item)) {
@@ -146,14 +140,6 @@ private static MiningLevel getMiningLevel(@NotNull NamespacedKey key) {
         ).get(key);
     }
 
-    public static @NotNull @Unmodifiable List<ItemStack> hammersWithMiningLevelAtLeast(@NotNull MiningLevel level) {
-        return PylonRegistry.ITEMS.getValues().stream()
-                .map(PylonItemSchema::getItemStack)
-                .filter(item -> fromStack(item) instanceof Hammer hammer
-                                && hammer.miningLevel.isAtLeast(level))
-                .toList();
-    }
-
     private static boolean recipeMatches(List<ItemStack> items, @NotNull HammerRecipe recipe) {
         return items.stream().anyMatch(recipe.input()::matches);
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/HydraulicCannon.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/HydraulicCannon.java
index d7d4c52cd..f60e0a2eb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/HydraulicCannon.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/content/tools/HydraulicCannon.java
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-import static io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.PylonUtils.isPylonSimilar;
-
 
 public class HydraulicCannon extends PylonItem implements PylonInteractor, HydraulicRefuelable {
 
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ public void onUsedToRightClick(@NotNull PlayerInteractEvent event) {
 
         boolean projectileFound = false;
         for (ItemStack stack : event.getPlayer().getInventory()) {
-            if (isPylonSimilar(stack, BaseItems.TIN_PROJECTILE)) {
+            if (BaseItems.TIN_PROJECTILE.isSimilar(stack)) {
                 stack.subtract();
                 projectileFound = true;
                 break;
diff --git a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/recipes/HammerRecipe.java b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/recipes/HammerRecipe.java
index 0610ac1c8..c37e97c96 100644
--- a/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/recipes/HammerRecipe.java
+++ b/src/main/java/io/github/pylonmc/pylon/base/recipes/HammerRecipe.java
@@ -1,27 +1,33 @@
 package io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.recipes;
 
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.content.tools.Hammer;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.config.ConfigSection;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.config.adapter.ConfigAdapter;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.guide.button.ItemButton;
-import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.builder.ItemStackBuilder;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.i18n.PylonArgument;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItem;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.item.PylonItemSchema;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.recipe.*;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.registry.PylonRegistry;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.MiningLevel;
 import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.GuiItems;
+import io.github.pylonmc.pylon.core.util.gui.unit.UnitFormat;
+import net.kyori.adventure.text.Component;
 import org.bukkit.NamespacedKey;
 import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import xyz.xenondevs.invui.gui.Gui;
-import xyz.xenondevs.invui.item.impl.AutoCycleItem;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import static io.github.pylonmc.pylon.base.util.BaseUtils.baseKey;
 
 /**
- * @param input the input item (setting the itemstack to have an amount that's not 1 will have no effect)
+ * @param input  the input item (setting the itemstack to have an amount that's not 1 will have no effect)
  * @param result the output item (respects amount)
- * @param level the minimum hammer mining level
+ * @param level  the minimum hammer mining level
  * @param chance the chance to succeed per attempt
  */
 public record HammerRecipe(
@@ -75,14 +81,37 @@ public record HammerRecipe(
                 )
                 .addIngredient('#', GuiItems.backgroundBlack())
                 .addIngredient('i', ItemButton.from(input))
-                .addIngredient('h', new AutoCycleItem(20,
-                        Hammer.hammersWithMiningLevelAtLeast(level)
-                                .stream()
-                                .map(ItemStackBuilder::of)
-                                .toList()
-                                .toArray(ItemStackBuilder[]::new)
-                ))
+                .addIngredient('h', new ItemButton(getHammers()))
                 .addIngredient('o', ItemButton.from(result))
                 .build();
     }
+
+    public float getChanceFor(@NotNull MiningLevel hammerLevel) {
+        if (!hammerLevel.isAtLeast(level)) {
+            return 0f;
+        }
+        // Each tier is twice as likely to succeed as the previous one
+        return chance * (1 << hammerLevel.getNumericalLevel() - level.getNumericalLevel());
+    }
+
+    private List<ItemStack> getHammers() {
+        List<ItemStack> hammers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (PylonItemSchema itemSchema : PylonRegistry.ITEMS.getValues()) {
+            ItemStack stack = itemSchema.getItemStack();
+            PylonItem item = PylonItem.fromStack(stack);
+            if (item instanceof Hammer hammer) {
+                float chance = Math.min(1, getChanceFor(hammer.miningLevel));
+                if (chance <= 0f) continue;
+                List<Component> lore = stack.lore();
+                Preconditions.checkNotNull(lore);
+                lore.add(Component.empty());
+                lore.add(Component.translatable("pylon.pylonbase.guide.recipe.hammer",
+                        PylonArgument.of("chance", UnitFormat.PERCENT.format(chance * 100f).significantFigures(3))
+                ));
+                stack.lore(lore);
+                hammers.add(stack);
+            }
+        }
+        return hammers;
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/resources/lang/en.yml b/src/main/resources/lang/en.yml
index 6b7d54b18..0ab078dcc 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/lang/en.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/lang/en.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ item:
     name: "Bronze Nugget"
 
   bronze_block:
-    name: "Bronze Block"
+    name: "Block of Bronze"
 
   bronze_sheet:
     name: "Bronze Sheet"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ item:
     name: "Cobalt Nugget"
 
   cobalt_block:
-    name: "Cobalt Block"
+    name: "Block of Cobalt"
 
   carbon:
     name: "Carbon"
@@ -485,19 +485,19 @@ item:
     name: "Diamond Hammer"
     lore: |-
       <arrow> <insn>Right click</insn> an item dropped on top of a placed <white>block of diamond</white> to use the hammer on it
-      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are more likely to succeed
+      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are twice as likely to succeed than the tier below them for a given recipe
 
   iron_hammer:
     name: "Iron Hammer"
     lore: |-
       <arrow> <insn>Right click</insn> an item dropped on top of a placed <white>block of iron</white> to use the hammer on it
-      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are more likely to succeed
+      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are twice as likely to succeed than the tier below them for a given recipe
 
   stone_hammer:
     name: "Stone Hammer"
     lore: |-
-      <arrow> <insn>Right click</insn> an item dropped on top of a placed <white>stone</white> to use the hammer on it
-      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are more likely to succeed
+      <arrow> <insn>Right click</insn> an item dropped on top of a placed <white>stone block</white> to use the hammer on it
+      <arrow> Higher tier hammers are twice as likely to succeed than the tier below them for a given recipe
 
   immobilizer:
     name: "Immobilizer"
@@ -518,9 +518,9 @@ item:
   loupe:
     name: "Loupe"
     lore: |-
-      <arrow> Examining items with the loupe yields research points
-      <arrow> The rarer the item, the more times it can be examined
-      <arrow> <red>The examined item will be consumed</red>
+      <arrow> Examining items/blocks with the loupe yields research points
+      <arrow> The rarer the item/block, the more times it can be examined
+      <arrow> <red>The examined item/block will be consumed</red>
       <arrow> <insn>Hold right click</insn> on a block or dropped item to examine it
 
   lumber_axe:
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ item:
     name: "Nickel Nugget"
 
   nickel_block:
-    name: "Nickel Block"
+    name: "Block of Nickel"
 
   obsidian_chip:
     name: "Obsidian Chip"
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ item:
     name: "Steel Nugget"
 
   steel_block:
-    name: "Steel Block"
+    name: "Block of Steel"
 
   steel_sheet:
     name: "Steel Sheet"
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ item:
     name: "Tin Nugget"
 
   tin_block:
-    name: "Tin Block"
+    name: "Block of Tin"
 
   tin_sheet:
     name: "Tin Sheet"
@@ -841,10 +841,10 @@ item:
   item_magnet:
     name: "Item Magnet"
     lore: |-
-      <arrow> Pulls item towards you in a range
-      <arrow> Right click to toggle
+      <arrow> Pulls items towards you in a range
+      <arrow> <insn>Right click</insn> to toggle
       <arrow> Does not stack
-      <arrow> <attr>Pulls distance:</attr> %pickup-distance%
+      <arrow> <attr>Pull distance:</attr> %pickup-distance%
 
   water_pump:
     name: "Water Pump"
@@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ research:
   climbing_equipment: "<#a6b579>Climbing equipment"
   vacuum_hoppers: "<#54536d>Vacuum hoppers"
   advanced_vacuum_hoppers: "<#54536d>Advanced vacuum hoppers"
-  reactivated_skulls: "<#000000>Reactivated wither skulls"
+  reactivated_skulls: "<gray>Reactivated wither skulls"
   soul_attachment: "<dark_purple>Soul attachment"
 
 guide:
@@ -1451,6 +1451,7 @@ guide:
     melting: "<attr>Temperature:</attr> %temperature%"
     casting: "<attr>Temperature:</attr> %temperature%"
     drilling: "<attr>Cycle time:</attr> %time%"
+    hammer: "<attr>Chance:</attr> %chance%"
 
 message:
   fluid_none: "None"
@@ -1462,6 +1463,7 @@ message:
   gained_research_points: "<green>+%points% research points (%total% points total)"
   loupe:
     nothing: "<red>You look at your hand. It is not very interesting"
+    invalid_block: "<red>Try as you may, you cannot glean any information from this block"
     already_examined: "<red>You cannot find any more interesting things about this item"
     is_pylon: "<red>Having built this, you can't think of anything interesting you might find out about it"
     examined: "<green>As you examine the %item%, you get a sudden flash of insight"
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shaped.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shaped.yml
index 8edd733d2..22f5c9c4f 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shaped.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shaped.yml
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ pylonbase:explosive_target:
     G: minecraft:gunpowder
     X: minecraft:target
   result: pylonbase:explosive_target
-  category: building
+  category: redstone
 
 pylonbase:immobilizer:
   pattern:
@@ -1076,12 +1076,12 @@ pylonbase:elevator_3:
 
 pylonbase:press:
   pattern:
-    - "BPB"
-    - "B B"
-    - "BBB"
+    - "LPL"
+    - "L L"
+    - "LLL"
   key:
     P: minecraft:piston
-    B: minecraft:brick
+    L: "#minecraft:logs"
   result: pylonbase:press
   category: building
 
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shapeless.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shapeless.yml
index 81941be3e..d5a4fc1ff 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shapeless.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/minecraft/crafting_shapeless.yml
@@ -3,60 +3,70 @@ pylonbase:tin_nuggets_from_tin_ingot:
     - pylonbase:tin_ingot
   result:
     pylonbase:tin_nugget: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:tin_ingots_from_tin_block:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:tin_block
   result:
     pylonbase:tin_ingot: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:bronze_nuggets_from_bronze_ingot:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:bronze_ingot
   result:
     pylonbase:bronze_nugget: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:bronze_ingots_from_bronze_block:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:bronze_block
   result:
     pylonbase:bronze_ingot: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:steel_nuggets_from_steel_ingot:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:steel_ingot
   result:
     pylonbase:steel_nugget: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:steel_ingots_from_steel_block:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:steel_block
   result:
     pylonbase:steel_ingot: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:nickel_nuggets_from_nickel_ingot:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:nickel_ingot
   result:
     pylonbase:nickel_nugget: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:nickel_ingots_from_nickel_block:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:nickel_block
   result:
     pylonbase:nickel_ingot: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:cobalt_nuggets_from_cobalt_ingot:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:cobalt_ingot
   result:
     pylonbase:cobalt_nugget: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:cobalt_ingots_from_cobalt_block:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:cobalt_block
   result:
     pylonbase:cobalt_ingot: 9
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:shimmer_dust_1:
   ingredients:
@@ -65,6 +75,7 @@ pylonbase:shimmer_dust_1:
     - minecraft:clay_ball
   result:
     pylonbase:shimmer_dust_1: 1
+  category: misc
 
 pylonbase:medkit:
   ingredients:
@@ -73,6 +84,7 @@ pylonbase:medkit:
     - pylonbase:disinfectant
   result:
     pylonbase:medkit: 1
+  category: equipment
 
 pylonbase:research_pack_1:
   ingredients:
@@ -82,9 +94,11 @@ pylonbase:research_pack_1:
     - pylonbase:sulfur
   result:
     pylonbase:research_pack_1: 1
+  category: equipment
 
 pylonbase:explosive_target_super:
   ingredients:
     - pylonbase:explosive_target: 4
   result:
-    pylonbase:explosive_target_super: 1
\ No newline at end of file
+    pylonbase:explosive_target_super: 1
+  category: redstone
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/casting.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/casting.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b32c19a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/casting.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+pylonbase:sulfur:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:sulfur: 144
+  result: pylonbase:sulfur
+  temperature: 112.8
+
+pylonbase:copper_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:copper: 144
+  result: minecraft:copper_ingot
+  temperature: 1083
+
+pylonbase:gold_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:gold: 144
+  result: minecraft:gold_ingot
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:iron_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:iron: 144
+  result: minecraft:iron_ingot
+  temperature: 1538
+
+pylonbase:tin_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:tin: 144
+  result: pylonbase:tin_ingot
+  temperature: 231.9
+
+pylonbase:cobalt_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:cobalt: 144
+  result: pylonbase:cobalt_ingot
+  temperature: 1495
+
+pylonbase:nickel_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:nickel: 144
+  result: pylonbase:nickel_ingot
+  temperature: 1455
+
+pylonbase:bronze_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:bronze: 144
+  result: pylonbase:bronze_ingot
+  temperature: 950
+
+pylonbase:steel_ingot:
+  input:
+    pylonbase:steel: 144
+  result: pylonbase:steel_ingot
+  temperature: 1410
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/grindstone.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/grindstone.yml
index 87380401e..eee3da34c 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/grindstone.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/grindstone.yml
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ pylonbase:rock_dust:
   cycles: 2
   particle-data: minecraft:cobblestone
 
+pylonbase:sand:
+  input: minecraft:gravel
+  results: minecraft:sand
+  cycles: 2
+  particle-data: minecraft:sand
+
 pylonbase:coal_dust:
   input: "#minecraft:coals"
   results: pylonbase:coal_dust
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/hammer.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/hammer.yml
index a1bd238a2..a25ca9fd8 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/hammer.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/hammer.yml
@@ -67,4 +67,16 @@ pylonbase:steel_sheet:
   input: pylonbase:steel_ingot
   result: pylonbase:steel_sheet
   mining-level: diamond
-  chance: 0.25
\ No newline at end of file
+  chance: 0.25
+
+pylonbase:gravel_from_rocks:
+  input: "#pyloncore:rocks"
+  result: minecraft:gravel
+  mining-level: stone
+  chance: 0.5
+
+pylonbase:flint_from_gravel:
+  input: minecraft:gravel
+  result: minecraft:flint
+  mining-level: stone
+  chance: 0.5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/melting.yml b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/melting.yml
index 4396ae7e8..7ed10561a 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/melting.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/recipes/pylonbase/melting.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,196 @@ pylonbase:sulfur:
   input: pylonbase:sulfur
   result: pylonbase:sulfur
   amount: 144
-  temperature: 112.8
\ No newline at end of file
+  temperature: 112.8
+
+pylonbase:copper_from_ingot:
+  input: minecraft:copper_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:copper
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1083
+
+pylonbase:copper_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:copper_dust
+  result: pylonbase:copper
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1083
+
+pylonbase:copper_from_nugget:
+  input: minecraft:copper_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:copper
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1083
+
+pylonbase:copper_from_block:
+  input: "#minecraft:copper"
+  result: pylonbase:copper
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1083
+
+pylonbase:gold_from_ingot:
+  input: minecraft:gold_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:gold
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:gold_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:gold_dust
+  result: pylonbase:gold
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:gold_from_nugget:
+  input: minecraft:gold_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:gold
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:gold_from_block:
+  input: minecraft:gold_block
+  result: pylonbase:gold
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:iron_from_ingot:
+  input: minecraft:iron_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:iron
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:iron_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:iron_dust
+  result: pylonbase:iron
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:iron_from_nugget:
+  input: minecraft:iron_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:iron
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:iron_from_block:
+  input: minecraft:iron_block
+  result: pylonbase:iron
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1064
+
+pylonbase:tin_from_ingot:
+  input: pylonbase:tin_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:tin
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 231.9
+
+pylonbase:tin_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:tin_dust
+  result: pylonbase:tin
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 231.9
+
+pylonbase:tin_from_nugget:
+  input: pylonbase:tin_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:tin
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 231.9
+
+pylonbase:tin_from_block:
+  input: pylonbase:tin_block
+  result: pylonbase:tin
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 231.9
+
+pylonbase:cobalt_from_ingot:
+  input: pylonbase:cobalt_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:cobalt
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1495
+
+pylonbase:cobalt_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:cobalt_dust
+  result: pylonbase:cobalt
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1495
+
+pylonbase:cobalt_from_nugget:
+  input: pylonbase:cobalt_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:cobalt
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1495
+
+pylonbase:cobalt_from_block:
+  input: pylonbase:cobalt_block
+  result: pylonbase:cobalt
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1495
+
+pylonbase:nickel_from_ingot:
+  input: pylonbase:nickel_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:nickel
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1455
+
+pylonbase:nickel_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:nickel_dust
+  result: pylonbase:nickel
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1455
+
+pylonbase:nickel_from_nugget:
+  input: pylonbase:nickel_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:nickel
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1455
+
+pylonbase:nickel_from_block:
+  input: pylonbase:nickel_block
+  result: pylonbase:nickel
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1455
+
+pylonbase:bronze_from_ingot:
+  input: pylonbase:bronze_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:bronze
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 950
+
+pylonbase:bronze_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:bronze_dust
+  result: pylonbase:bronze
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 950
+
+pylonbase:bronze_from_nugget:
+  input: pylonbase:bronze_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:bronze
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 950
+
+pylonbase:bronze_from_block:
+  input: pylonbase:bronze_block
+  result: pylonbase:bronze
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 950
+
+pylonbase:steel_from_ingot:
+  input: pylonbase:steel_ingot
+  result: pylonbase:steel
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1410
+
+pylonbase:steel_from_dust:
+  input: pylonbase:steel_dust
+  result: pylonbase:steel
+  amount: 144
+  temperature: 1410
+
+pylonbase:steel_from_nugget:
+  input: pylonbase:steel_nugget
+  result: pylonbase:steel
+  amount: 16
+  temperature: 1410
+
+pylonbase:steel_from_block:
+  input: pylonbase:steel_block
+  result: pylonbase:steel
+  amount: 1296
+  temperature: 1410
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/resources/settings/smeltery_controller.yml b/src/main/resources/settings/smeltery_controller.yml
index 71ae645b5..a902cdfca 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/settings/smeltery_controller.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/settings/smeltery_controller.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 tick-interval: 20
-fluid-reaction-per-second: 100.0
+fluid-reaction-per-tick: 100.0
 display:
   resolution: 8 # pixels per block; defines the resolution of the fluid display
   lightness-variation: 0.3 # defines the lightness variation of the fluid display; 0.0 is no variation, 1.0 is full variation
   lightness-speed: 1 # defines the speed of the lightness variation; 0.0 is no speed, 1.0 is full speed
 
 room-temperature: 20.0 # °C; defines the temperature of the environment around the smeltery
-heating-factor: 0.05 # unitless; defines how much the smeltery heats up per second when heated
-cooling-factor: 0.02 # unitless; defines how much the smeltery cools down per second when not heated
+heating-factor: 0.05 # unitless; defines how much the smeltery heats up per tick when under the target temperature
+cooling-factor: 0.02 # unitless; defines how much the smeltery cools down per tick when above the target temperature
 
 max-height: 16 # blocks; defines the maximum height of the smeltery
\ No newline at end of file