A ProcessWire Text Field can optionally have a Pattern, defined on its Input tab when editing the field in the admin.
Currently the option has the "Notes":
See html5pattern.com for examples of patterns you can use and create.
However, html5pattern.com no longer exists and the link leads to a suspicious site.
I did not find an alternative site to recommend, but maybe recommending both MDN and Regexlib is a good alternative:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes/pattern
and
https://regexlib.com/
The new notes could be:
See MDN for HTML pattern attribute details and browse regex examples at RegexLib.