diff --git a/src/Concerns/HandlesDatabases.php b/src/Concerns/HandlesDatabases.php
index 726f64aa..9c041eeb 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/HandlesDatabases.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/HandlesDatabases.php
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Attributes\DefineDatabase;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Attributes\RequiresDatabase;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Attributes\WithMigration;
-use Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Features\TestingFeature;
 
+use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_or_fail;
+
 /**
  * @internal
  */
@@ -24,9 +25,7 @@ trait HandlesDatabases
      */
     protected function setUpDatabaseRequirements(Closure $callback): void
     {
-        if (\is_null($app = $this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         TestingFeature::run(
             testCase: $this,
@@ -81,9 +80,7 @@ protected function setUpDatabaseRequirements(Closure $callback): void
      */
     protected function usesSqliteInMemoryDatabaseConnection(?string $connection = null): bool
     {
-        if (\is_null($app = $this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         /** @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Config\Repository $config */
         $config = $app->make('config');
diff --git a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithMigrations.php b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithMigrations.php
index 881f3052..ab6d4937 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithMigrations.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithMigrations.php
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Attributes\ResetRefreshDatabaseState;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Database\MigrateProcessor;
-use Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException;
 
 use function Orchestra\Testbench\default_migration_path;
+use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_or_fail;
 use function Orchestra\Testbench\load_migration_paths;
 
 /**
@@ -67,18 +67,17 @@ protected function tearDownInteractsWithMigrations(): void
      */
     protected function loadMigrationsFrom(array|string $paths): void
     {
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
+
         if (
             (\is_string($paths) || Arr::isList($paths))
             && static::usesRefreshDatabaseTestingConcern()
             && RefreshDatabaseState::$migrated === false
             && RefreshDatabaseState::$lazilyRefreshed === false
         ) {
-            if (\is_null($this->app)) {
-                throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-            }
 
             /** @var array<int, string>|string $paths */
-            load_migration_paths($this->app, $paths);
+            load_migration_paths($app, $paths);
 
             return;
         }
@@ -109,16 +108,14 @@ protected function loadMigrationsFrom(array|string $paths): void
     #[\Deprecated(message: 'Use `loadMigrationsFrom()` instead', since: '9.0.7')]
     protected function loadMigrationsWithoutRollbackFrom(array|string $paths): void
     {
-        if (\is_null($this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         $migrator = new MigrateProcessor($this, $this->resolvePackageMigrationsOptions($paths));
         $migrator->up();
 
         array_unshift($this->cachedTestMigratorProcessors, $migrator);
 
-        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($this->app);
+        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($app);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -154,9 +151,7 @@ protected function resolvePackageMigrationsOptions(array|string $paths = []): ar
      */
     protected function loadLaravelMigrations(array|string $database = []): void
     {
-        if (\is_null($this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         $options = $this->resolveLaravelMigrationsOptions($database);
         $options['--path'] = default_migration_path();
@@ -167,7 +162,7 @@ protected function loadLaravelMigrations(array|string $database = []): void
 
         array_unshift($this->cachedTestMigratorProcessors, $migrator);
 
-        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($this->app);
+        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($app);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -196,16 +191,14 @@ protected function loadLaravelMigrationsWithoutRollback(array|string $database =
      */
     protected function runLaravelMigrations(array|string $database = []): void
     {
-        if (\is_null($this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         $migrator = new MigrateProcessor($this, $this->resolveLaravelMigrationsOptions($database));
         $migrator->up();
 
         array_unshift($this->cachedTestMigratorProcessors, $migrator);
 
-        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($this->app);
+        $this->resetApplicationArtisanCommands($app);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithTestCase.php b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithTestCase.php
index 491807e3..f199adb1 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithTestCase.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithTestCase.php
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Contracts\Attributes\BeforeAll as BeforeAllContract;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Contracts\Attributes\BeforeEach as BeforeEachContract;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\Contracts\Attributes\Resolvable as ResolvableContract;
-use Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\PHPUnit\AttributeParser;
 
+use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_or_fail;
+
 /**
  * @phpstan-import-type TTestingFeature from \Orchestra\Testbench\PHPUnit\AttributeParser
  * @phpstan-import-type TAttributes from \Orchestra\Testbench\PHPUnit\AttributeParser
@@ -137,10 +138,7 @@ abstract protected static function resolvePhpUnitAttributesForMethod(string $cla
      */
     protected function setUpTheTestEnvironmentUsingTestCase(): void
     {
-        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
-        if (\is_null($app = $this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         $this->resolvePhpUnitAttributes()
             ->flatten()
@@ -159,10 +157,7 @@ protected function setUpTheTestEnvironmentUsingTestCase(): void
      */
     protected function tearDownTheTestEnvironmentUsingTestCase(): void
     {
-        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
-        if (\is_null($app = $this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
+        $app = laravel_or_fail($this->app);
 
         $this->resolvePhpUnitAttributes()
             ->flatten()
diff --git a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithWorkbench.php b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithWorkbench.php
index 2841f15e..851e9994 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/InteractsWithWorkbench.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/InteractsWithWorkbench.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ protected function getPackageBootstrappersUsingWorkbench($app): ?array
      * @internal
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Foundation\Application  $app
-     * @return array<int, class-string>|null
+     * @return array<int, class-string<\Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider>>|null
      */
     protected function getPackageProvidersUsingWorkbench($app): ?array
     {
diff --git a/src/Concerns/WithFactories.php b/src/Concerns/WithFactories.php
index 22642929..19368b1a 100644
--- a/src/Concerns/WithFactories.php
+++ b/src/Concerns/WithFactories.php
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factory as ModelFactory;
-use Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException;
+
+use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_or_fail;
 
 /**
  * @api
@@ -27,11 +28,7 @@ trait WithFactories
      */
     protected function withFactories(string $path)
     {
-        if (\is_null($this->app)) {
-            throw ApplicationNotAvailableException::make(__METHOD__);
-        }
-
-        return $this->loadFactoriesUsing($this->app, $path);
+        return $this->loadFactoriesUsing(laravel_or_fail($this->app), $path);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Foundation/Application.php b/src/Foundation/Application.php
index eb3c59be..f8255450 100644
--- a/src/Foundation/Application.php
+++ b/src/Foundation/Application.php
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ class Application
         resolveApplicationConfiguration as protected resolveApplicationConfigurationFromTrait;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The Illuminate application instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Foundation\Application|null
+     */
+    protected $app;
+
     /**
      * List of configurations.
      *
diff --git a/src/functions.php b/src/functions.php
index 6e25ede7..fc475151 100644
--- a/src/functions.php
+++ b/src/functions.php
@@ -441,3 +441,34 @@ function join_paths(?string $basePath, string ...$paths): string
 
     return $basePath.implode('', $paths);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Ensure the provided `$app` return an instance of Laravel application or throw an exception.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ *
+ * @param  \Illuminate\Foundation\Application|null  $app
+ * @param  string|null  $caller
+ * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
+ *
+ * @throws \Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException
+ */
+function laravel_or_fail($app, ?string $caller = null): Application
+{
+    if ($app instanceof Application) {
+        return $app;
+    }
+
+    if (\is_null($caller)) {
+        $caller = transform(debug_backtrace()[1], function ($debug) {
+            /** @phpstan-ignore isset.offset */
+            if (isset($debug['class']) && isset($debug['function'])) {
+                return \sprintf('%s::%s', $debug['class'], $debug['function']);
+            }
+
+            return $debug['function'];
+        });
+    }
+
+    throw Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException::make($caller);
+}
diff --git a/tests/HelpersTest.php b/tests/HelpersTest.php
index 267ba062..4086be24 100644
--- a/tests/HelpersTest.php
+++ b/tests/HelpersTest.php
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 namespace Orchestra\Testbench\Tests;
 
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\Exceptions\ApplicationNotAvailableException;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\Version;
 
+use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_or_fail;
 use function Orchestra\Testbench\laravel_version_compare;
 use function Orchestra\Testbench\phpunit_version_compare;
 
@@ -27,4 +29,13 @@ public function it_can_compare_phpunit_version()
         $this->assertSame(0, phpunit_version_compare(Version::id()));
         $this->assertTrue(phpunit_version_compare(Version::id(), '=='));
     }
+
+    #[Test]
+    public function it_can_throw_application_not_available_application_when_app_is_not_laravel()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(ApplicationNotAvailableException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage(\sprintf('Application is not available to run [%s]', __METHOD__));
+
+        laravel_or_fail(null);
+    }
 }