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1 | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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2 | 2 | <OpenSimDocument Version="20303">
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3 | 3 | <Model name="Both Legs with Muscles">
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4 |
| - <defaults> |
5 |
| - <Thelen2003Muscle name="default"> |
6 |
| - <!--Flag indicating whether the force is disabled or not. Disabled means that the force is not active in subsequent dynamics realizations.--> |
7 |
| - <isDisabled>false</isDisabled> |
8 |
| - <!--Minimum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving for control values--> |
9 |
| - <min_control>0</min_control> |
10 |
| - <!--Maximum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving for control values--> |
11 |
| - <max_control>1</max_control> |
12 |
| - <!--the set of points defining the path of the muscle--> |
13 |
| - <GeometryPath name=""> |
14 |
| - <PathPointSet name=""> |
15 |
| - <objects /> |
16 |
| - <groups /> |
17 |
| - </PathPointSet> |
18 |
| - <VisibleObject name=""> |
19 |
| - <!--Set of geometry files and associated attributes, allow .vtp, .stl, .obj--> |
20 |
| - <GeometrySet name=""> |
21 |
| - <objects /> |
22 |
| - <groups /> |
23 |
| - </GeometrySet> |
24 |
| - <!--Three scale factors for display purposes: scaleX scaleY scaleZ--> |
25 |
| - <scale_factors> 1 1 1</scale_factors> |
26 |
| - <!--transform relative to owner specified as 3 rotations (rad) followed by 3 translations rX rY rZ tx ty tz--> |
27 |
| - <transform> -0 0 -0 0 0 0</transform> |
28 |
| - <!--Whether to show a coordinate frame--> |
29 |
| - <show_axes>false</show_axes> |
30 |
| - <!--Display Pref. 0:Hide 1:Wire 3:Flat 4:Shaded Can be overriden for individual geometries--> |
31 |
| - <display_preference>4</display_preference> |
32 |
| - </VisibleObject> |
33 |
| - <PathWrapSet name=""> |
34 |
| - <objects /> |
35 |
| - <groups /> |
36 |
| - </PathWrapSet> |
37 |
| - </GeometryPath> |
38 |
| - <!--Optimal force.--> |
39 |
| - <optimal_force>1</optimal_force> |
40 |
| - <!--Maximum isometric force that the fibers can generate--> |
41 |
| - <max_isometric_force>1000</max_isometric_force> |
42 |
| - <!--Optimal length of the muscle fibers--> |
43 |
| - <optimal_fiber_length>0.1</optimal_fiber_length> |
44 |
| - <!--Resting length of the tendon--> |
45 |
| - <tendon_slack_length>0.2</tendon_slack_length> |
46 |
| - <!--Angle between tendon and fibers at optimal fiber length--> |
47 |
| - <pennation_angle_at_optimal>0</pennation_angle_at_optimal> |
48 |
| - <!--Maximum contraction velocity of the fibers, in optimal fiberlengths per second--> |
49 |
| - <max_contraction_velocity>10</max_contraction_velocity> |
50 |
| - <!--time constant for ramping up of muscle activation--> |
51 |
| - <activation_time_constant>0.01</activation_time_constant> |
52 |
| - <!--time constant for ramping down of muscle activation--> |
53 |
| - <deactivation_time_constant>0.04</deactivation_time_constant> |
54 |
| - <!--maximum contraction velocity at full activation in fiber lengths per second--> |
55 |
| - <Vmax>10</Vmax> |
56 |
| - <!--maximum contraction velocity at low activation in fiber lengths per second--> |
57 |
| - <Vmax0>5</Vmax0> |
58 |
| - <!--tendon strain due to maximum isometric muscle force--> |
59 |
| - <FmaxTendonStrain>0.033</FmaxTendonStrain> |
60 |
| - <!--passive muscle strain due to maximum isometric muscle force--> |
61 |
| - <FmaxMuscleStrain>0.6</FmaxMuscleStrain> |
62 |
| - <!--shape factor for Gaussian active muscle force-length relationship--> |
63 |
| - <KshapeActive>0.5</KshapeActive> |
64 |
| - <!--exponential shape factor for passive force-length relationship--> |
65 |
| - <KshapePassive>4</KshapePassive> |
66 |
| - <!--passive damping in the force-velocity relationship--> |
67 |
| - <damping>0.05</damping> |
68 |
| - <!--force-velocity shape factor--> |
69 |
| - <Af>0.3</Af> |
70 |
| - <!--maximum normalized lengthening force--> |
71 |
| - <Flen>1.8</Flen> |
72 |
| - </Thelen2003Muscle> |
73 |
| - <Schutte1993Muscle name="default"> |
74 |
| - <!--Flag indicating whether the force is disabled or not. Disabled means that the force is not active in subsequent dynamics realizations.--> |
75 |
| - <isDisabled>false</isDisabled> |
76 |
| - <!--Minimum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving for control values--> |
77 |
| - <min_control>0</min_control> |
78 |
| - <!--Maximum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving for control values--> |
79 |
| - <max_control>1</max_control> |
80 |
| - <!--the set of points defining the path of the muscle--> |
81 |
| - <GeometryPath name=""> |
82 |
| - <PathPointSet name=""> |
83 |
| - <objects /> |
84 |
| - <groups /> |
85 |
| - </PathPointSet> |
86 |
| - <VisibleObject name=""> |
87 |
| - <!--Set of geometry files and associated attributes, allow .vtp, .stl, .obj--> |
88 |
| - <GeometrySet name=""> |
89 |
| - <objects /> |
90 |
| - <groups /> |
91 |
| - </GeometrySet> |
92 |
| - <!--Three scale factors for display purposes: scaleX scaleY scaleZ--> |
93 |
| - <scale_factors> 1 1 1</scale_factors> |
94 |
| - <!--transform relative to owner specified as 3 rotations (rad) followed by 3 translations rX rY rZ tx ty tz--> |
95 |
| - <transform> -0 0 -0 0 0 0</transform> |
96 |
| - <!--Whether to show a coordinate frame--> |
97 |
| - <show_axes>false</show_axes> |
98 |
| - <!--Display Pref. 0:Hide 1:Wire 3:Flat 4:Shaded Can be overriden for individual geometries--> |
99 |
| - <display_preference>4</display_preference> |
100 |
| - </VisibleObject> |
101 |
| - <PathWrapSet name=""> |
102 |
| - <objects /> |
103 |
| - <groups /> |
104 |
| - </PathWrapSet> |
105 |
| - </GeometryPath> |
106 |
| - <!--Optimal force.--> |
107 |
| - <optimal_force>1</optimal_force> |
108 |
| - <!--Maximum isometric force that the fibers can generate--> |
109 |
| - <max_isometric_force>1000</max_isometric_force> |
110 |
| - <!--Optimal length of the muscle fibers--> |
111 |
| - <optimal_fiber_length>0.1</optimal_fiber_length> |
112 |
| - <!--Resting length of the tendon--> |
113 |
| - <tendon_slack_length>0.2</tendon_slack_length> |
114 |
| - <!--Angle between tendon and fibers at optimal fiber length--> |
115 |
| - <pennation_angle_at_optimal>0</pennation_angle_at_optimal> |
116 |
| - <!--Maximum contraction velocity of the fibers, in optimal fiberlengths per second--> |
117 |
| - <max_contraction_velocity>10</max_contraction_velocity> |
118 |
| - <!--Scale factor for normalizing time--> |
119 |
| - <time_scale>0.1</time_scale> |
120 |
| - <!--Parameter used in time constant of ramping up of muscle force--> |
121 |
| - <activation1>7.667</activation1> |
122 |
| - <!--Parameter used in time constant of ramping up and ramping down of muscle force--> |
123 |
| - <activation2>1.459854</activation2> |
124 |
| - <!--Damping factor related to maximum contraction velocity--> |
125 |
| - <damping>0.1</damping> |
126 |
| - <!--Function representing force-length behavior of tendon--> |
127 |
| - <tendon_force_length_curve> |
128 |
| - <NaturalCubicSpline name=""> |
129 |
| - <x> -10 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.00131 0.00281 0.00431 0.00581 0.00731 0.00881 0.0103 0.0118 0.0123 9.2 9.201 9.202 20</x> |
130 |
| - <y> 0 0 0 0 0.0108 0.0257 0.0435 0.0652 0.0915 0.123 0.161 0.208 0.227 345 345 345 345</y> |
131 |
| - </NaturalCubicSpline> |
132 |
| - </tendon_force_length_curve> |
133 |
| - <!--Function representing active force-length behavior of muscle fibers--> |
134 |
| - <active_force_length_curve> |
135 |
| - <NaturalCubicSpline name=""> |
136 |
| - <x> -5 0 0.401 0.402 0.4035 0.52725 0.62875 0.71875 0.86125 1.045 1.2175 1.43875 1.61875 1.62 1.621 2.2 5</x> |
137 |
| - <y> 0 0 0 0 0 0.226667 0.636667 0.856667 0.95 0.993333 0.77 0.246667 0 0 0 0 0</y> |
138 |
| - </NaturalCubicSpline> |
139 |
| - </active_force_length_curve> |
140 |
| - <!--Function representing passive force-length behavior of muscle fibers--> |
141 |
| - <passive_force_length_curve> |
142 |
| - <NaturalCubicSpline name=""> |
143 |
| - <x> -5 0.998 0.999 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.601 1.602 5</x> |
144 |
| - <y> 0 0 0 0 0.035 0.12 0.26 0.55 1.17 2 2 2 2</y> |
145 |
| - </NaturalCubicSpline> |
146 |
| - </passive_force_length_curve> |
147 |
| - </Schutte1993Muscle> |
148 |
| - </defaults> |
149 | 4 | <credits>Delp, S.L., Loan, J.P., Hoy, M.G., Zajac, F.E., Topp E.L., Rosen, J.M.</credits>
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150 | 5 | <publications>An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, pp. 757-767, 1990.</publications>
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151 | 6 | <ForceSet name="">
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