Add a hash method for strings

Hash constants are widely used in signatures, so
I suggest adding a hash method for strings to obtain
the hash constant of a string. For its usage example:

```meson
hash_str = 'foobar'.hash('sha1') # return a sha1 constant
# some process

Author: rruuaanng

docs/yaml/elementary/str.yml

@@ -41,6 +41,34 @@ methods:
     description: The values to replace the @number@ placeholders in the format string.
     type: int | bool | str
 
+# str.hash(algorithm)
+- name: hash
+  description: Run the specified `algorithm` on the string and return the hash in hexadecimal
+  returns: str
+  example: |
+    ```meson
+        message('foobar'.hash('md5'))    # => '3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f'
+        message('foobar'.hash('sha1'))   # => '8843d7f92416211de9ebb963ff4ce28125932878'
+        message('foobar'.hash('sha256')) # => 'c3ab8ff13720e8ad9047dd39466b3c8974e592c2fa383d4a3960714caef0c4f2'
+        ...
+    ```
+
+  posargs:
+    algorithm:
+      description: |
+        It supports the following algorithms:
+        - md5
+        - sha1
+        - sha224
+        - sha256
+        - sha384
+        - sha512
+        - sha3_224
+        - sha3_256
+        - sha3_384
+        - sha3_512
+      type: str
+
 # str.replace(old, new)
 - name: replace
   description: Search all occurrences of `old` and replace it with `new`

mesonbuild/interpreter/primitives/string.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     noPosargs,
     typed_pos_args,
     InvalidArguments,
+    InterpreterException,
     FeatureBroken,
     stringifyUserArguments,
 )
@@ -83,6 +84,20 @@ def arg_replace(match: T.Match[str]) -> str:
 
         return re.sub(r'@(\d+)@', arg_replace, self.held_object)
 
+    @noKwargs
+    @typed_pos_args('str.hash', str)
+    @InterpreterObject.method('hash')
+    def hash_method(self, args: T.Tuple[T.List[TYPE_var]], kwargs: TYPE_kwargs) -> str:
+        from hashlib import new
+        try:
+            # For supported algorithms
+            # see https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html#hash-objects
+            hash_obj = new(args[0]) # algorithm = args[0]
+            hash_obj.update(self.held_object.encode())
+            return hash_obj.hexdigest()
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise InterpreterException(e)
+
     @noKwargs
     @noPosargs
     @FeatureNew('str.splitlines', '1.2.0')

test cases/common/35 string operations/meson.build

@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@ long = 'abcde'
 prefix = 'abc'
 suffix = 'cde'
 
+testcase expect_error('''unsupported hash type invalid-method''')
+  long.hash('invalid-method')
+endtestcase
+
+assert(long.hash('md5') == 'ab56b4d92b40713acc5af89985d4b786')
+assert(long.hash('sha1') == '03de6c570bfe24bfc328ccd7ca46b76eadaf4334')
+assert(long.hash('sha224') == 'bdd03d560993e675516ba5a50638b6531ac2ac3d5847c61916cfced6')
+assert(long.hash('sha256') == '36bbe50ed96841d10443bcb670d6554f0a34b761be67ec9c4a8ad2c0c44ca42c')
+assert(long.hash('sha3_224') == '6acfaab70afd8439cea3616b41088bd81c939b272548f6409cf30e57')
+assert(long.hash('sha3_256') == 'd716ec61e18904a8f58679b71cb065d4d5db72e0e0c3f155a4feff7add0e58eb')
+
 assert(long[0] == 'a')
 assert(long[2] == 'c')