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+# Canvas render pipeline
+
+All pixel values are integers in **[0, 255]** per channel (R, G, B, A).
+
+Clamp is defined as:
+- `clamp(v)` = `max(0, min(255, v))` for integer RGB values
+- `clamp(v)` = `max(0.0, min(1.0, v))` for normalized [0.0, 1.0] values
+
+## Stage 1 - Pixel adjustments
+
+Operates on every pixel of the **source bitmap** before anything else is applied.
+
+Produces `sourceBitmapWithAdjustments`. **Do not modify the alpha channel.**
+
+Adjustments are always applied in order: **contrast first, then brightness.**
+
+### Stage 1a - Contrast
+
+Operates directly on **RGB channels** in `[0, 255]`.
+
+`value ∈ [-1.0, 1.0]` - negative reduces contrast, positive increases it.
+
+Convert to a multiplier:
+
+```
+factor = (1.0 + value)
+```
+
+Per channel:
+
+```
+c′ = clamp(factor * (c - 128) + 128)
+```
+
+- `value = 0.0` -> `factor = 1.0` -> identity, no change
+- `value = 1.0` -> `factor = 2.0` -> doubles deviation from mid-grey
+- `value = -1.0` -> `factor = 0.0` -> all channels collapse to 128 (flat grey)
+
+### Stage 1b - Brightness
+
+Operates on **luminosity (L)** in HSL space to preserve hue and saturation.
+
+Brightness shifts L in normalized `[0.0, 1.0]` space.
+
+`value ∈ [-1.0, 1.0]` - negative darkens, positive lightens.
+
+#### Adjust L
+
+```
+L′ = clamp(L + value, 0.0, 1.0)
+```
+#### Combined Stage 1 form (contrast then brightness)
+
+```
+// Stage 1a - RGB per channel
+c′ = clamp(factor * (c - 128) + 128)
+
+// Stage 1b - HSL
+(H, S, L)    = rgbToHsl(R′, G′, B′)
+L′           = clamp(L + value, 0.0, 1.0)
+(R″, G″, B″) = hslToRgb(H, S, L′)
+```
+
+## Stage 2 - Rotation
+
+Applied to `sourceBitmapWithAdjustments` after pixel adjustments.
+
+Rotation is always **clockwise around the image center**, restricted to multiples of 90°.
+
+### Action model
+
+```kotlin
+data class Rotate(
+    val angleDegrees: Float
+) : Transformation
+```
+
+No pivot is stored, it is always derived at render time from the current bitmap dimensions.
+
+### Effective rotation
+
+Walk the action list in insertion order, accumulating the total angle and tracking dimension swaps:
+
+```kotlin
+var width = sourceBitmap.width
+var height = sourceBitmap.height
+var totalAngle = 0f
+
+for (action in actions) {
+    when (action) {
+        is Rotate -> {
+            totalAngle = (totalAngle + action.angleDegrees) % 360f
+            if (action.angleDegrees % 180f != 0f) {
+                val tmp = width; width = height; height = tmp
+            }
+        }
+        is Resize -> {
+            width = action.rect.width
+            height = action.rect.height
+        }
+        else -> {}
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The pivot at each rotation step is `(width / 2f, height / 2f)` **before** the dimension swap.
+
+### Output dimensions
+
+| Total angle | outWidth | outHeight |
+|---|---|---|
+| 0° / 180° | w | h |
+| 90° / 270° | h | w |
+
+### Draw call
+
+```kotlin
+rotate(
+    degrees = totalAngle,
+    pivot = Offset(sourceBitmap.width / 2f, sourceBitmap.height / 2f)
+) {
+    drawImage(sourceBitmapWithAdjustments)
+}
+```
+
+## Stage 3 - Drawing layer
+
+Creates a **new blank bitmap** at the **post-rotation dimensions**, fully transparent (`ARGB_8888`, all pixels `(0, 0, 0, 0)`).
+
+Actions from the history list are replayed in **insertion order** (index 0 = oldest, index N = newest).
+
+### Eraser pre-pass
+
+Before drawing anything, collect all markers that have been erased:
+
+```kotlin
+val erasedMarkers = actions
+    .filterIsInstance<Action.Drawing.Eraser>()
+    .map { it.marker }
+    .toSet()
+```
+
+### Per-action draw loop
+
+```kotlin
+actions.forEach { action ->
+    when (action) {
+        is Action.Drawing.Marker  -> if (action !in erasedMarkers) drawMarker(action)
+        is Action.Drawing.Text    -> drawText(action)
+        is Action.Drawing.Eraser  -> { /* already handled in pre-pass */ }
+        else                      -> { /* handled in other stages */ }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Drawing coordinate transform
+
+`Drawing` positions are authored in the coordinate space of the image **at the time the action was inserted**.
+
+Each drawing action must carry a snapshot of the image dimensions at authoring time:
+
+```kotlin
+data class Text(
+    val text: String,
+    val position: IntOffset,
+    val style: TextStyle,
+    val imageSize: IntSize,  // dimensions when this action was authored
+) : Drawing
+```
+
+Before drawing, transform `position` forward by the **total rotation accumulated after this action was inserted**.
+
+For 90° increments around center `(w/2, h/2)`:
+
+| Clockwise angle | x′ | y′ |
+|---|---|---|
+| 0° | `x` | `y` |
+| 90° | `y` | `w - x` |
+| 180° | `w - x` | `h - y` |
+| 270° | `h - y` | `x` |
+
+Where `w` and `h` are the `imageSize` stored in the action.
+
+### Text positioning
+
+Text is positioned at the **top-left corner** of the bounding box of the text, at the transformed coordinates above.
+
+### Marker drawing
+
+Marker stores a path in source-image pixel coordinates.
+
+Apply the same coordinate transform per point before stroking.
+
+No conversion needed if no rotation has occurred after the marker was authored.
+
+## Stage 4 - Composite
+
+Creates a **new bitmap** at post-rotation source dimensions with the same config.
+
+Two `drawImage` calls in order (bottom -> top):
+
+```kotlin
+drawImage(rotatedSourceBitmap)   // 1. adjusted + rotated source
+drawImage(drawingActionsBitmap)  // 2. drawing overlay
+```
+
+## Stage 5 - Crop
+
+Only the **last `Action.Transformation.Resize`** in the action list is used.
+
+Earlier resize actions are discarded.
+
+```kotlin
+val cropRect = actions
+    .lastOrNull { it is Action.Transformation.Resize }
+    ?.rect
+    ?: compositeBitmap.size.toIntRect()  // fallback: full image
+```
+
+### Output dimensions
+
+```
+outWidth  = cropRect.right  - cropRect.left
+outHeight = cropRect.bottom - cropRect.top
+```
+
+### Pixel mapping
+
+Each output pixel `(x, y)` samples the composite at:
+
+```
+srcX = cropRect.left + x
+srcY = cropRect.top  + y
+```
+
+```kotlin
+drawImage(
+    image     = compositeBitmap,
+    srcOffset = IntOffset(cropRect.left, cropRect.top),
+    srcSize   = IntSize(cropRect.width, cropRect.height),
+    // dstOffset = (0, 0)  implicit
+    // dstSize   = srcSize implicit -> 1:1, no scaling
+)
+```
+
+## Full pipeline summary
+
+```
+sourceBitmap  (raw, from URI)
+    │
+    ▼  Stage 1a - Contrast (RGB)
+    │  c′ = clamp(factor * (c - 128) + 128)   per R, G, B
+    │
+    ▼  Stage 1b - Brightness (HSL)
+    │  L′ = clamp(L + value, 0.0, 1.0)
+    │
+    ▼  Stage 2 - Rotation
+    │  clockwise around center, 90° increments
+    │  dimensions swap on 90°/270°
+    │
+    ├──────────────────────────────────────┐
+    │                                      │
+    ▼  Stage 3 - Drawing layer             ▼  pass-through
+    │  blank ARGB bitmap                   │  rotated + adjusted bitmap
+    │  replay actions in order             │
+    │  transform coords for post-rotation  │
+    │  skip erased markers                 │
+    │                                      │
+    └──────────┬───────────────────────────┘
+               │
+               ▼  Stage 4 - Composite
+               │  drawImage(rotated source) + drawImage(drawings)
+               │
+               ▼  Stage 5 - Crop
+               │  slice [cropRect.left, cropRect.top, w, h]
+               │  output pixel (x, y) ← src pixel (left+x, top+y)
+               │
+               ▼
+          finalResultBitmap
+```
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