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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=2"><meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-COMPATIBLE" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/favicon.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="alternate" href="/rss.xml" title="Jiankychen's Blog" type="application/rss+xml"><link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="Jiankychen's Blog" type="application/atom+xml"><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" title="Jiankychen's Blog" href="https://jiankychen.github.io/feed.json"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://lf9-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://at.alicdn.com"><link rel="stylesheet" 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class="cat"><div class="body"></div><div class="head"><div class="face"></div></div><div class="foot"><div class="tummy-end"></div><div class="bottom"></div><div class="legs left"></div><div class="legs right"></div></div><div class="paw"><div class="hands left"></div><div class="hands right"></div></div></div></div><div id="container"><header id="header" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="inner"><div id="brand"><div class="pjax"><h1 itemprop="name headline">Python 数据容器</h1><div class="meta"><span class="item" title="创建时间：2022-12-01 19:21:27"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-calendar"></i></span><span class="text">发表于</span><time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-12-01T19:21:27+08:00">2022-12-01</time></span><span class="item" title="本文字数"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-pen"></i></span><span class="text">本文字数</span><span>8.6k</span><span class="text">字</span></span><span class="item" title="阅读时长"><span class="icon"><i class="ic 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itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><i class="ic i-home"></i><span><a href="/">首页</a></span><i class="ic i-angle-right"></i><span class="current" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a href="/categories/Python/" itemprop="item" rel="index" title="分类于Python"><span itemprop="name">Python<meta itemprop="position" content="0"></span></a></span></div><article class="post block" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" lang="zh-CN"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://jiankychen.github.io/python-container.html"><span hidden="hidden" itemprop="author" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="image" content="/assets/avatar.jpg"><meta itemprop="name" content="Jiankychen"><meta itemprop="description" content="Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today, "></span><span hidden="hidden" itemprop="publisher" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Jiankychen's Blog"></span><div class="body md" itemprop="articleBody"><p>数据容器：一种可以容纳多份数据的数据类型，容纳的每一份数据称之为 1 个元素，其中，每一个元素可以是任意类型的数据，如字符串、数字、布尔等</p>
<p>Python 数据容器可以分为 5 类：</p>
<ul>
<li>列表（list）</li>
<li>元组（tuple）</li>
<li>字符串（str）</li>
<li>集合（set）</li>
<li>字典（dict）</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center"></th>
<th style="text-align:center">列表</th>
<th style="text-align:center">元组</th>
<th style="text-align:center">字符串</th>
<th style="text-align:center">集合</th>
<th style="text-align:center">字典</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">元素类型</td>
<td style="text-align:center">任意</td>
<td style="text-align:center">任意</td>
<td style="text-align:center">字符</td>
<td style="text-align:center">任意</td>
<td style="text-align:center">key-value (key: 除字典外任意类型，value: 任意类型)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">下标索引</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">数据有序</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">否</td>
<td style="text-align:center">否</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">重复元素</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不支持</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">可修改性</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">否</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
<td style="text-align:center">是</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p>在 Python 中，有序是指其中的数据可以通过索引（即下标）进行访问</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="列表"><a class="anchor" href="#列表">#</a> 列表</h1>
<h2 id="列表的定义"><a class="anchor" href="#列表的定义">#</a> 列表的定义</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 字面量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">[</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义变量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre>变量名 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment">#定义空列表</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>列表可以同时存储不同的数据类型，并且，列表支持嵌套</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"iteration"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1234</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>nested_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>my_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nested_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nested_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="列表的方法"><a class="anchor" href="#列表的方法">#</a> 列表的方法</h2>
<h3 id="访问元素"><a class="anchor" href="#访问元素">#</a> 访问元素</h3>
<p>可以通过列表的下标索引 idx 获取对应位置的数据</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>value <span class="token operator">=</span> list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>其中，列表的下标索引可以分为两种：</p>
<ul>
<li>正向索引（从左往右）：从 0 开始，依次递增</li>
<li>反向索引（从右往左）：从 -1 开始，依次递减</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>要注意下标索引的取值范围，超出范围会报错</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="查找元素"><a class="anchor" href="#查找元素">#</a> 查找元素</h3>
<p>查找元素 element 在列表 list_name 中的下标（元素在列表中的第一个匹配位置），如果找不到则报错 ValueError</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="修改元素"><a class="anchor" href="#修改元素">#</a> 修改元素</h3>
<p>修改下标为 idx 的元素的值</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="插入元素"><a class="anchor" href="#插入元素">#</a> 插入元素</h3>
<p>在下标 idx 处插入元素 element</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>insert<span class="token punctuation">(</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">,</span> element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="追加元素"><a class="anchor" href="#追加元素">#</a> 追加元素</h3>
<p><strong>方式一</strong></p>
<p>将元素 element 追加到列表 list_name 的尾部</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>name_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"it"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"its"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"itself"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>name_list<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"itheima"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p><strong>方式二</strong></p>
<p>将其他数据容器的内容取出，依次追加到列表 list_name 的尾部</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>extend<span class="token punctuation">(</span>Data<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>mylist <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>temp_list <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre>mylist<span class="token punctuation">.</span>extend<span class="token punctuation">(</span>temp_list<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="删除指定位置元素"><a class="anchor" href="#删除指定位置元素">#</a> 删除指定位置元素</h3>
<p>删除下标 idx 处的元素</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">del</span> list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 该方式可以获取返回值（被删除的元素）</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="删除指定元素"><a class="anchor" href="#删除指定元素">#</a> 删除指定元素</h3>
<p>删除指定元素值在列表中的第一个匹配项</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 删除元素 element 在列表中的第一个匹配项</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="清空列表"><a class="anchor" href="#清空列表">#</a> 清空列表</h3>
<p>清空列表内容</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>clear<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="统计指定元素数量"><a class="anchor" href="#统计指定元素数量">#</a> 统计指定元素数量</h3>
<p>统计元素 element 在列表 list_name 中的数量</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="其他"><a class="anchor" href="#其他">#</a> 其他</h2>
<h3 id="统计列表元素数量"><a class="anchor" href="#统计列表元素数量">#</a> 统计列表元素数量</h3>
<p>统计整个列表中的元素总数量</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>list_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="列表的-while-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#列表的-while-遍历">#</a> 列表的 while 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">while</span> idx <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>list_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre> idx <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="列表的-for-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#列表的-for-遍历">#</a> 列表的 for 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>list_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h1 id="元组"><a class="anchor" href="#元组">#</a> 元组</h1>
<p>元组（tuple）：元组同列表一样，都是一种可以封装多个、不同类型的元素的容器；不同点在于，元素一旦定义完成，就不可以修改</p>
<h2 id="元组的定义"><a class="anchor" href="#元组的定义">#</a> 元组的定义</h2>
<p>定义元组：使用小括号包围数据，其中，每个数据之间用逗号隔开（数据可以是不同的数据类型）</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义元组字面量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">(</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义元组变量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义空元组</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">tuple</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>注意：如果元组只有一个数据，需要在这个数据后面添加逗号，否则不是元组类型</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>t4 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"World"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>元组也支持嵌套</p>
<p>注意：</p>
<ul>
<li>不可以修改元组的内容，否则会直接报错</li>
<li>如果元组内嵌套了 list 列表，则可以修改 list 列表的内容（修改、增加、删除元素，反转等）</li>
</ul>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>mytuple <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"it"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"20221124"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>mytuple<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"python"</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="元组的方法"><a class="anchor" href="#元组的方法">#</a> 元组的方法</h2>
<h3 id="访问元素-2"><a class="anchor" href="#访问元素-2">#</a> 访问元素</h3>
<p>元组支持下标索引</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>element <span class="token operator">=</span> tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>idx<span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="查找元素-2"><a class="anchor" href="#查找元素-2">#</a> 查找元素</h3>
<p>查找指定元素的第一个匹配项</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="统计指定元素数量-2"><a class="anchor" href="#统计指定元素数量-2">#</a> 统计指定元素数量</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="其他-2"><a class="anchor" href="#其他-2">#</a> 其他</h2>
<h3 id="统计元素数量"><a class="anchor" href="#统计元素数量">#</a> 统计元素数量</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="元组的-while-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#元组的-while-遍历">#</a> 元组的 while 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">while</span> idx <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre> idx <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="元组的-for-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#元组的-for-遍历">#</a> 元组的 for 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> element <span class="token keyword">in</span> tuple_name<span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h1 id="字符串"><a class="anchor" href="#字符串">#</a> 字符串</h1>
<p>字符串（str）：字符串是字符的容器，一个字符串可以存放任意数量的字符</p>
<p>字符串是一个 无法修改 的数据容器</p>
<h2 id="字符串的定义"><a class="anchor" href="#字符串的定义">#</a> 字符串的定义</h2>
<p>使用一对双引号包围一系列字符</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Here is the content of string"</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="字符串的方法"><a class="anchor" href="#字符串的方法">#</a> 字符串的方法</h2>
<h3 id="访问元素-3"><a class="anchor" href="#访问元素-3">#</a> 访问元素</h3>
<p>字符串支持下标索引</p>
<ul>
<li>从前往后索引：下标从 0 开始</li>
<li>从后往前索引：下标从 -1 开始</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="查找子串"><a class="anchor" href="#查找子串">#</a> 查找子串</h3>
<p>查找子串 target_str 在字符串 str_name 中的下标索引值</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span>target_str<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="替换子串"><a class="anchor" href="#替换子串">#</a> 替换子串</h3>
<p>将字符串 str_name 内的 str1 全部替换为 str2</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>replace<span class="token punctuation">(</span>str1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>注意，此方法并不是修改字符串本身（字符串是无法修改的），而是得到了一个新的字符串</p>
<h3 id="分割子串"><a class="anchor" href="#分割子串">#</a> 分割子串</h3>
<p>按照指定的分隔符字符串 separator，将字符串划分为多个子字符串并存入列表对象中</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>split<span class="token punctuation">(</span>separator<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>注意，此方法并不是修改字符串本身，而是得到了一个列表对象</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"hello python itheima and itcast"</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>result <span class="token operator">=</span> my_str<span class="token punctuation">.</span>split<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 按照空格进行分割，得到一个列表</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="去除前后空格"><a class="anchor" href="#去除前后空格">#</a> 去除前后空格</h3>
<p>strip () 方法删除开头和结尾的空白字符</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">" itheima and itcast "</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>new_my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> my_str<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="去除前后指定字符串"><a class="anchor" href="#去除前后指定字符串">#</a> 去除前后指定字符串</h3>
<p>通过给 strip () 方法传入参数，可以删除字符串开头和结尾处的指定字符串</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span>target_str<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>需要注意，删除操作是按照单个字符进行的</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"12itheima and itcast21"</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>new_my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> my_str<span class="token punctuation">.</span>strip<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"12"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># 传入的是 "12"，此时，"1" 和 "2" 都会移除，即，按照单个字符移除</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="统计指定字符串数量"><a class="anchor" href="#统计指定字符串数量">#</a> 统计指定字符串数量</h3>
<p>统计字符串中某子串的出现次数</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>str_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">(</span>target_str<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"itheima and itcast"</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>cnt <span class="token operator">=</span> my_str<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'it'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="其他-3"><a class="anchor" href="#其他-3">#</a> 其他</h2>
<h3 id="统计字符串长度"><a class="anchor" href="#统计字符串长度">#</a> 统计字符串长度</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="字符串的-while-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#字符串的-while-遍历">#</a> 字符串的 while 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>idx <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">while</span> idx <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre> idx <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="字符串的-for-遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#字符串的-for-遍历">#</a> 字符串的 for 遍历</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> element <span class="token keyword">in</span> str_name<span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h1 id="序列"><a class="anchor" href="#序列">#</a> 序列</h1>
<p>序列是指内容连续、有序，并且可使用下标索引的一类数据容器</p>
<p>序列是字符串、元组、列表的统称</p>
<p>序列支持切片，即：从序列的指定位置开始，依次取出元素，到指定位置结束，得到一个新序列（该操作不会影响原序列，而是生成了一个新的序列）</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>sequence<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end<span class="token punctuation">:</span>step<span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>其中：</p>
<ul>
<li>起始下标 start 表示从何处开始，可以省略，省略时视为从头开始</li>
<li>结束下标 end 表示何处结束（不截取结束下标对应元素），可以省略，省略时视为截取至序列末尾（截取最后一个元素）</li>
<li>步长 step 表示依次取元素的间隔，步长可以为负数，表示反向取元素（注意，起始下标和结束下标也要反向标记）</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="集合"><a class="anchor" href="#集合">#</a> 集合</h1>
<p>集合（set）：不支持元素重复（自带去重功能），并且内容无序</p>
<p>集合是无序的，不支持下标索引访问</p>
<p>集合是可以修改的</p>
<h2 id="集合的定义"><a class="anchor" href="#集合的定义">#</a> 集合的定义</h2>
<p>定义集合：使用大括号包围数据，其中，每个数据之间用逗号隔开</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义集合字面量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">{</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义集合变量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>元素<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 元素<span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义空集合</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="集合的方法"><a class="anchor" href="#集合的方法">#</a> 集合的方法</h2>
<h3 id="添加元素"><a class="anchor" href="#添加元素">#</a> 添加元素</h3>
<p>将指定元素添加到集合内</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>set_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="删除元素"><a class="anchor" href="#删除元素">#</a> 删除元素</h3>
<p>将指定元素从集合内移除</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>set_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span>element<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="随机取出元素"><a class="anchor" href="#随机取出元素">#</a> 随机取出元素</h3>
<p>从集合中随机取出一个元素（集合本身被修改，元素被移除）</p>
<p>该操作可以具有返回值</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>element <span class="token operator">=</span> set_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="清空集合"><a class="anchor" href="#清空集合">#</a> 清空集合</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>set_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>clear<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="取两集合的差集"><a class="anchor" href="#取两集合的差集">#</a> 取两集合的差集</h3>
<p>取出集合 1 与集合 2 的差集：元素在集合 1 中、但不在集合 2 中</p>
<p>该操作得到一个新集合，集合 1 和集合 2 保持不变</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>new_set <span class="token operator">=</span> set1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>difference<span class="token punctuation">(</span>set2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="消除两集合的差集"><a class="anchor" href="#消除两集合的差集">#</a> 消除两集合的差集</h3>
<p>消除集合 1 与集合 2 的差集：对比集合 1 和集合 2，在集合 1 内，删除与集合 2 相同的元素</p>
<p>该操作修改了集合 2，集合 2 保持不变</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>set1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>difference_update<span class="token punctuation">(</span>set2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="合并两集合"><a class="anchor" href="#合并两集合">#</a> 合并两集合</h3>
<p>合并 2 个集合：将集合 1 与集合 2 组成新集合</p>
<p>该操作得到一个新集合，集合 1 与集合 2 保持不变</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>new_set <span class="token operator">=</span> set1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>union<span class="token punctuation">(</span>set2<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="其他-4"><a class="anchor" href="#其他-4">#</a> 其他</h2>
<h3 id="统计集合元素数量"><a class="anchor" href="#统计集合元素数量">#</a> 统计集合元素数量</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>set_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="集合的遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#集合的遍历">#</a> 集合的遍历</h3>
<p>集合不支持下标索引，不能使用 while 循环遍历</p>
<p>集合可以使用 for 循环遍历</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> element <span class="token keyword">in</span> set_name</pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h1 id="字典"><a class="anchor" href="#字典">#</a> 字典</h1>
<p>字典（dict）：存储键值对（即，key-value 对），可以提供基于 key 检索 value 的场景实现</p>
<p>字典不支持重复的 key ，重复添加等同于覆盖原有数据</p>
<h2 id="字典的定义"><a class="anchor" href="#字典的定义">#</a> 字典的定义</h2>
<p>使用大括号 {} 包围元素，其中，每一个元素都是一个键值对（key: value），元素之间用逗号隔开</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义字典字面量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">{</span>key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义字典变量</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> key<span class="token punctuation">:</span> value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token comment"># 定义空字典</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre>变量名称 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">dict</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>字典的 key 和 value 可以是任意数据类型（key 不可为字典）</p>
<p>因此可以将 字典 2 作为 字典 1 的 value ，实现字典的嵌套</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>score_dict <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> <span class="token string">"小红"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"语文"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">77</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"数学"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">66</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"英语"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> <span class="token string">"小明"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"语文"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"数学"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">86</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"英语"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre> <span class="token string">"小花"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"语文"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"数学"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">96</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"英语"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">66</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"score_dict 的内容为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>score_dict<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">，类型为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>score_dict<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"小红的语文成绩为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>score_dict<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'小红'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'语文'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"小明的数学成绩为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>score_dict<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'小明'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'数学'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="10"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"小花的英语成绩为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>score_dict<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'小花'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'英语'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="11"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="字典的方法"><a class="anchor" href="#字典的方法">#</a> 字典的方法</h2>
<h3 id="访问元素-4"><a class="anchor" href="#访问元素-4">#</a> 访问元素</h3>
<p>字典同集合一样，不支持下标索引。但是，字典可以通过 key 来获取对应的 value</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>value <span class="token operator">=</span> dict_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="添加更新元素"><a class="anchor" href="#添加更新元素">#</a> 添加 / 更新元素</h3>
<p>新增元素 / 更新元素：如果 key 不存在，则新增元素；如果 key 存在，则更新元素（更新 value 值）</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>dict_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="删除元素-2"><a class="anchor" href="#删除元素-2">#</a> 删除元素</h3>
<p>将 key 所在键值对从字典中删除</p>
<p>该操作具有返回值，可以获取 key 所对应的 value</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>value <span class="token operator">=</span> dict_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>pop<span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="清空字典"><a class="anchor" href="#清空字典">#</a> 清空字典</h3>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>dict_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>clear<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="获取-key-列表"><a class="anchor" href="#获取-key-列表">#</a> 获取 key 列表</h3>
<p>获取全部的 key</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>keys <span class="token operator">=</span> dict_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>my_dict <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"b"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"c"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"d"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>keys <span class="token operator">=</span> my_dict<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string-interpolation"><span class="token string">f"通过 keys 方法获取全部的 key ，结果为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> ，其数据类型为：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token builtin">type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="其他-5"><a class="anchor" href="#其他-5">#</a> 其他</h2>
<h3 id="统计元素数量-2"><a class="anchor" href="#统计元素数量-2">#</a> 统计元素数量</h3>
<p>统计字典的元素数量（一个键值对视为一个元素）</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>dict_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="字典的遍历"><a class="anchor" href="#字典的遍历">#</a> 字典的遍历</h3>
<p>方式 1：获取全部的 key ，从而实现遍历</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>keys <span class="token operator">=</span> dict_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>keys<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> key <span class="token keyword">in</span> keys<span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>方式 2：直接对字典进行 for 循环遍历，每次循环都是直接得到 key</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token keyword">for</span> key <span class="token keyword">in</span> dict_name<span class="token punctuation">:</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre> statement</pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h1 id="数据容器的通用操作"><a class="anchor" href="#数据容器的通用操作">#</a> 数据容器的通用操作</h1>
<h2 id="统计元素数量-3"><a class="anchor" href="#统计元素数量-3">#</a> 统计元素数量</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="获取最大元素"><a class="anchor" href="#获取最大元素">#</a> 获取最大元素</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">max</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="获取最小元素"><a class="anchor" href="#获取最小元素">#</a> 获取最小元素</h2>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2 id="类型转换"><a class="anchor" href="#类型转换">#</a> 类型转换</h2>
<h3 id="转为列表"><a class="anchor" href="#转为列表">#</a> 转为列表</h3>
<p>将给定容器转换为列表</p>
<ul>
<li>若原容器为字符串，则将字符串中的每个字符分别作为列表的一个元素</li>
<li>若原容器为字典，则将字典的每个 key 分别作为列表的一个元素（value 被舍弃）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="转为元组"><a class="anchor" href="#转为元组">#</a> 转为元组</h3>
<p>将给定容器转换为元组</p>
<ul>
<li>若原容器为字符串，则将字符串中的每个字符分别作为元组的一个元素</li>
<li>若原容器为字典，则将字典的每个 key 分别作为元组的一个元素（value 被舍弃）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">tuple</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="转为字符串"><a class="anchor" href="#转为字符串">#</a> 转为字符串</h3>
<p>将给定容器转换为字符串：整个容器（包括容器的组成括号）均被转换为字符串</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre>mylist <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="2"></td><td><pre>mytuple <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="3"></td><td><pre>myset <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="4"></td><td><pre>mydict <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"b"</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="5"></td><td><pre></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="6"></td><td><pre>str1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mylist<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># '[1, 2, 3, 4]'</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="7"></td><td><pre>str2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mytuple<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># '(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)'</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="8"></td><td><pre>str3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>myset<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># '{2, 3, 4, 5}'</span></pre></td></tr><tr><td data-num="9"></td><td><pre>str4 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">str</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>mydict<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment"># "{'a': 1, 'b': 2}"</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id="转为集合"><a class="anchor" href="#转为集合">#</a> 转为集合</h3>
<p>将给定容器转换为集合</p>
<ul>
<li>若原容器为字典，则将字典的每个 key 分别作为集合的一个元素（value 被舍弃）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>数据容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><blockquote>
<p>转换为集合后，原容器的数据有序性将不再保持</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="排序"><a class="anchor" href="#排序">#</a> 排序</h2>
<p>将给定容器进行排序：</p>
<ul>
<li>排序的结果为列表对象（即，将给定容器的内容进行排序，并将结果放入列表中）</li>
</ul>
<p>按升序排序（默认按照升序排序）：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>容器<span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>按降序排序：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><figcaption data-lang="python"></figcaption><table><tbody><tr><td data-num="1"></td><td><pre><span class="token builtin">sorted</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>容器<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reverse<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p>参考：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1qW4y1a7fU/">黑马程序员</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.w3school.com.cn/python/index.asp">W3school</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-tutorial.html">菜鸟教程</a></li>
</ul>
</div><footer><div class="meta"><span class="item"><span class="icon"><i class="ic i-calendar-check"></i></span><span class="text">更新于</span><time title="修改时间：2024-06-08 23:09:14" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2024-06-08T23:09:14+08:00">2024-06-08</time></span></div><div id="copyright"><ul><li class="author"><strong>本文作者：</strong>Jiankychen<i class="ic i-at"><em>@</em></i>Jiankychen's Blog</li><li class="link"><strong>本文链接：</strong><a href="https://jiankychen.github.io/python-container.html" title="Python 数据容器">https://jiankychen.github.io/python-container.html</a></li><li class="license"><strong>版权声明：</strong>本站所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh"><i class="ic i-creative-commons"><em>(CC)</em></i>BY-NC-SA</a> 许可协议。转载请注明出处！</li></ul></div></footer></article></div><div class="post-nav"><div class="item left"><a href="/python-basics.html" rel="prev" itemprop="url" 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列表的定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 列表的方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 访问元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 查找元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 修改元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 插入元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BF%BD%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 追加元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 删除指定位置元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">1.2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 删除指定元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B8%85%E7%A9%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">1.2.8.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 清空列表</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.2.9.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计指定元素数量</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计列表元素数量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84-while-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 列表的 while 遍历</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84-for-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 列表的 for 遍历</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 元组</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 元组的定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 元组的方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 访问元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 查找元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F-2"><span class="toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计指定元素数量</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-2"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">2.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计元素数量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84-while-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">2.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 元组的 while 遍历</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84-for-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">2.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 元组的 for 遍历</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字符串</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字符串的定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字符串的方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-3"><span class="toc-number">3.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 访问元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 查找子串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 替换子串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%86%E5%89%B2%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 分割子串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8E%BB%E9%99%A4%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E7%A9%BA%E6%A0%BC"><span class="toc-number">3.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 去除前后空格</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8E%BB%E9%99%A4%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">3.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 去除前后指定字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">3.2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计指定字符串数量</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-3"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计字符串长度</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84-while-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">3.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字符串的 while 遍历</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E7%9A%84-for-%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">3.3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字符串的 for 遍历</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 序列</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 集合</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 集合的定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 集合的方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">5.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 添加元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">5.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 删除元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%8F%96%E5%87%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">5.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 随机取出元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B8%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">5.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 清空集合</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%A4%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-number">5.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 取两集合的差集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%A4%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%AE%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-number">5.2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 消除两集合的差集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%A4%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">5.2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 合并两集合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-4"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">5.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计集合元素数量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">5.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 集合的遍历</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字典</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字典的定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字典的方法</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-4"><span class="toc-number">6.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 访问元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">6.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 添加 / 更新元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-2"><span class="toc-number">6.2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 删除元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B8%85%E7%A9%BA%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8"><span class="toc-number">6.2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 清空字典</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96-key-%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">6.2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 获取 key 列表</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96-5"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F-2"><span class="toc-number">6.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计元素数量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">6.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 字典的遍历</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 数据容器的通用操作</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F-3"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 统计元素数量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 获取最大元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0"><span class="toc-number">7.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 获取最小元素</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">7.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 类型转换</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 转为列表</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BA%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84"><span class="toc-number">7.4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 转为元组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2"><span class="toc-number">7.4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 转为字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%BA%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88"><span class="toc-number">7.4.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 转为集合</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F"><span class="toc-number">7.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 排序</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="related panel pjax" data-title="系列文章"><ul><li><a href="/python-basics.html" rel="bookmark" title="Python 基本语法">Python 基本语法</a></li><li class="active"><a href="/python-container.html" rel="bookmark" title="Python 数据容器">Python 数据容器</a></li><li><a href="/python-files.html" rel="bookmark" title="Python 文件操作">Python 文件操作</a></li><li><a href="/python-modules.html" rel="bookmark" title="Python 异常、模块、包">Python 异常、模块、包</a></li><li><a href="/python-conda.html" rel="bookmark" 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