diff --git a/src/clis/antigravity/model.ts b/src/clis/antigravity/model.ts
index e74a38e3..2b2e99f3 100644
--- a/src/clis/antigravity/model.ts
+++ b/src/clis/antigravity/model.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError, ArgumentError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 export const modelCommand = cli({
   site: 'antigravity',
@@ -13,34 +14,45 @@ export const modelCommand = cli({
   columns: ['Status'],
   func: async (page, kwargs) => {
     const targetName = kwargs.name.toLowerCase();
-    
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      async () => {
-        const targetModelName = ${JSON.stringify(targetName)};
-        
-        // 1. Locate the model selector dropdown trigger
-        const trigger = document.querySelector('div[aria-haspopup="dialog"] > div[tabindex="0"]');
-        if (!trigger) throw new Error('Could not find the model selector trigger in the UI');
-        trigger.click();
-        
-        // 2. Wait a brief moment for React to mount the Portal/Dialog
-        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 200));
-        
-        // 3. Find the option spanning target text
-        const spans = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('[role="dialog"] span'));
-        const target = spans.find(s => s.innerText.toLowerCase().includes(targetModelName));
-        if (!target) {
-          // If not found, click the trigger again to close it safely
+
+    try {
+      const result = await page.evaluate(`
+        async () => {
+          const targetModelName = ${JSON.stringify(targetName)};
+
+          // 1. Locate the model selector dropdown trigger
+          const trigger = document.querySelector('div[aria-haspopup="dialog"] > div[tabindex="0"]');
+          if (!trigger) throw new Error('Could not find the model selector trigger in the UI');
           trigger.click();
-          throw new Error('Model matching "' + targetModelName + '" was not found in the dropdown list.');
+
+          // 2. Wait a brief moment for React to mount the Portal/Dialog
+          await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 200));
+
+          // 3. Find the option spanning target text
+          const spans = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('[role="dialog"] span'));
+          const target = spans.find(s => s.innerText.toLowerCase().includes(targetModelName));
+          if (!target) {
+            // If not found, click the trigger again to close it safely
+            trigger.click();
+            throw new Error('Model matching "' + targetModelName + '" was not found in the dropdown list.');
+          }
+
+          // 4. Click the closest parent that handles the row action
+          const optionNode = target.closest('.cursor-pointer') || target;
+          optionNode.click();
+          return { ok: true };
         }
-        
-        // 4. Click the closest parent that handles the row action
-        const optionNode = target.closest('.cursor-pointer') || target;
-        optionNode.click();
+      `);
+      if (!result?.ok) throw new SelectorError('model selector', 'Could not find or select model in UI');
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find the model selector trigger')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('model selector trigger', 'Could not find the model selector trigger in Antigravity UI');
+      }
+      if (e.message?.includes('was not found in the dropdown list')) {
+        throw new ArgumentError(`Model matching "${targetName}" was not found in the dropdown list.`);
       }
-    `);
-    
+      throw e;
+    }
     await page.wait(0.5);
     return [{ Status: `Model switched to: ${kwargs.name}` }];
   },
diff --git a/src/clis/antigravity/new.ts b/src/clis/antigravity/new.ts
index ab13befb..1ba87d14 100644
--- a/src/clis/antigravity/new.ts
+++ b/src/clis/antigravity/new.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 export const newCommand = cli({
   site: 'antigravity',
@@ -10,19 +11,26 @@ export const newCommand = cli({
   args: [],
   columns: ['status'],
   func: async (page) => {
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      async () => {
-        const btn = document.querySelector('[data-tooltip-id="new-conversation-tooltip"]');
-        if (!btn) throw new Error('Could not find New Conversation button');
-        
-        // In case it's disabled, we must check, but we'll try to click it anyway
-        btn.click();
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        async () => {
+          const btn = document.querySelector('[data-tooltip-id="new-conversation-tooltip"]');
+          if (!btn) throw new Error('Could not find New Conversation button');
+
+          // In case it's disabled, we must check, but we'll try to click it anyway
+          btn.click();
+        }
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find New Conversation button')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('New Conversation button', 'Could not find New Conversation button in Antigravity UI');
       }
-    `);
-    
+      throw e;
+    }
+
     // Give it a moment to reset the UI
     await page.wait(0.5);
-    
+
     return [{ status: 'Successfully started a new conversation' }];
   },
 });
diff --git a/src/clis/antigravity/read.ts b/src/clis/antigravity/read.ts
index 46a0cff4..94a237c3 100644
--- a/src/clis/antigravity/read.ts
+++ b/src/clis/antigravity/read.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 export const readCommand = cli({
   site: 'antigravity',
@@ -12,25 +13,33 @@ export const readCommand = cli({
   ],
   columns: ['role', 'content'],
   func: async (page, kwargs) => {
-    // We execute a script inside Antigravity's Chromium environment to extract the text 
+    // We execute a script inside Antigravity's Chromium environment to extract the text
     // of the entire conversation pane.
-    const rawText = await page.evaluate(`
-      async () => {
-        const container = document.getElementById('conversation');
-        if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find conversation container');
-        
-        // Extract the full visible text of the conversation
-        // In Electron/Chromium, innerText preserves basic visual line breaks nicely
-        return container.innerText;
+    let rawText: string;
+    try {
+      rawText = await page.evaluate(`
+        async () => {
+          const container = document.getElementById('conversation');
+          if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find conversation container');
+
+          // Extract the full visible text of the conversation
+          // In Electron/Chromium, innerText preserves basic visual line breaks nicely
+          return container.innerText;
+        }
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find conversation container')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('#conversation element', 'Could not find conversation container in Antigravity UI');
       }
-    `);
-    
+      throw e;
+    }
+
     // We can do simple heuristic parsing based on typical visual markers if needed.
     // For now, we return the entire text blob, or just the last 2000 characters if it's too long.
     const cleanText = String(rawText).trim();
-    return [{ 
-      role: 'history', 
-      content: cleanText 
+    return [{
+      role: 'history',
+      content: cleanText
     }];
   },
 });
diff --git a/src/clis/antigravity/send.ts b/src/clis/antigravity/send.ts
index 3563ffad..6bd88e5b 100644
--- a/src/clis/antigravity/send.ts
+++ b/src/clis/antigravity/send.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 export const sendCommand = cli({
   site: 'antigravity',
@@ -17,18 +18,24 @@ export const sendCommand = cli({
     // We use evaluate to focus and insert text because Lexical editors maintain
     // absolute control over their DOM and don't respond to raw node.textContent.
     // document.execCommand simulates a native paste/typing action perfectly.
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      async () => {
-        const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
-        if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
-        const editor = container.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
-        if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Antigravity input box');
-        
-        editor.focus();
-        document.execCommand('insertText', false, ${JSON.stringify(text)});
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        async () => {
+          const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
+          if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
+          const editor = container.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
+          if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Antigravity input box');
+
+          editor.focus();
+          document.execCommand('insertText', false, ${JSON.stringify(text)});
+        }
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('Antigravity input box', 'Could not find or focus input element');
       }
-    `);
-    
+      throw e;
+    }
     // Wait for the React/Lexical state to flush the new input
     await page.wait(0.5);
     
diff --git a/src/clis/antigravity/serve.ts b/src/clis/antigravity/serve.ts
index ad57a0e6..102f08bc 100644
--- a/src/clis/antigravity/serve.ts
+++ b/src/clis/antigravity/serve.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import { createServer, type IncomingMessage, type ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
 import { CDPBridge } from '../../browser/cdp.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { SelectorError, ArgumentError, TimeoutError, ConfigError, BrowserConnectError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 // ─── Types ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -255,47 +256,64 @@ async function getLastAssistantReply(page: IPage, userText?: string): Promise<st
 async function sendMessage(page: IPage, message: string, bridge?: CDPBridge): Promise<void> {
   if (!bridge) {
     // Fallback: use JS-based approach
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      (() => {
-        const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
-        const editor = container?.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
-        if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find input box');
-        editor.focus();
-        document.execCommand('insertText', false, ${JSON.stringify(message)});
-      })()
-    `);
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        (() => {
+          const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
+          const editor = container?.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
+          if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find input box');
+          editor.focus();
+          document.execCommand('insertText', false, ${JSON.stringify(message)});
+        })()
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find input box')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('Antigravity input box', 'Could not find Antigravity input box (Lexical editor) in UI');
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
     await sleep(500);
     await page.pressKey('Enter');
     return;
   }
 
   // Get the bounding box of the Lexical editor for a physical mouse click
-  const rect = await page.evaluate(`
-    (() => {
-      const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
-      if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
-      const editor = container.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
-      if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Antigravity input box');
-      const r = editor.getBoundingClientRect();
-      return JSON.stringify({ x: r.left + r.width / 2, y: r.top + r.height / 2 });
-    })()
-  `);
-  const { x, y } = JSON.parse(String(rect));
-
-  // Physical mouse click to give the element real browser focus
-  await bridge.send('Input.dispatchMouseEvent', { type: 'mousePressed', x, y, button: 'left', clickCount: 1 });
-  await sleep(50);
-  await bridge.send('Input.dispatchMouseEvent', { type: 'mouseReleased', x, y, button: 'left', clickCount: 1 });
-  await sleep(200);
-
-  // Inject text at the CDP level (no deprecated execCommand)
-  await bridge.send('Input.insertText', { text: message });
-  await sleep(300);
-
-  // Send Enter via native CDP key event
-  await bridge.send('Input.dispatchKeyEvent', { type: 'keyDown', key: 'Enter', code: 'Enter', windowsVirtualKeyCode: 13, nativeVirtualKeyCode: 13 });
-  await sleep(50);
-  await bridge.send('Input.dispatchKeyEvent', { type: 'keyUp', key: 'Enter', code: 'Enter', windowsVirtualKeyCode: 13, nativeVirtualKeyCode: 13 });
+  try {
+    const rect = await page.evaluate(`
+      (() => {
+        const container = document.getElementById('antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
+        if (!container) throw new Error('Could not find antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox');
+        const editor = container.querySelector('[data-lexical-editor="true"]');
+        if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Antigravity input box');
+        const r = editor.getBoundingClientRect();
+        return JSON.stringify({ x: r.left + r.width / 2, y: r.top + r.height / 2 });
+      })()
+    `);
+    const { x, y } = JSON.parse(String(rect));
+
+    // Physical mouse click to give the element real browser focus
+    await bridge.send('Input.dispatchMouseEvent', { type: 'mousePressed', x, y, button: 'left', clickCount: 1 });
+    await sleep(50);
+    await bridge.send('Input.dispatchMouseEvent', { type: 'mouseReleased', x, y, button: 'left', clickCount: 1 });
+    await sleep(200);
+
+    // Inject text at the CDP level (no deprecated execCommand)
+    await bridge.send('Input.insertText', { text: message });
+    await sleep(300);
+
+    // Send Enter via native CDP key event
+    await bridge.send('Input.dispatchKeyEvent', { type: 'keyDown', key: 'Enter', code: 'Enter', windowsVirtualKeyCode: 13, nativeVirtualKeyCode: 13 });
+    await sleep(50);
+    await bridge.send('Input.dispatchKeyEvent', { type: 'keyUp', key: 'Enter', code: 'Enter', windowsVirtualKeyCode: 13, nativeVirtualKeyCode: 13 });
+  } catch (e: any) {
+    if (e.message?.includes('Could not find antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox')) {
+      throw new SelectorError('#antigravity.agentSidePanelInputBox', 'Could not find Antigravity input container in UI');
+    }
+    if (e.message?.includes('Could not find Antigravity input box')) {
+      throw new SelectorError('Antigravity input box', 'Could not find Antigravity input box (Lexical editor) in UI');
+    }
+    throw e;
+  }
 }
 
 async function waitForReply(
@@ -349,7 +367,7 @@ async function waitForReply(
     await sleep(pollInterval);
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Timeout waiting for Antigravity reply');
+  throw new TimeoutError('Antigravity reply', timeout / 1000);
 }
 
 // ─── Request Handlers ────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -362,13 +380,13 @@ async function handleMessages(
   // Extract the last user message
   const userMessages = body.messages.filter(m => m.role === 'user');
   if (userMessages.length === 0) {
-    throw new Error('No user message found in request');
+    throw new ArgumentError('No user message found in request');
   }
   const lastUserMsg = userMessages[userMessages.length - 1];
   const userText = extractTextContent(lastUserMsg.content);
 
   if (!userText.trim()) {
-    throw new Error('Empty user message');
+    throw new ArgumentError('Empty user message');
   }
 
   // Optimization 1: New conversation if this is the first message in the session
@@ -437,7 +455,7 @@ export async function startServe(opts: { port?: number } = {}): Promise<void> {
 
     const endpoint = process.env.OPENCLI_CDP_ENDPOINT;
     if (!endpoint) {
-      throw new Error(
+      throw new ConfigError(
         'OPENCLI_CDP_ENDPOINT is not set.\n' +
         'Usage: OPENCLI_CDP_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:9224 opencli antigravity serve'
       );
@@ -464,7 +482,7 @@ export async function startServe(opts: { port?: number } = {}): Promise<void> {
     } catch (err: any) {
       cdp = null;
       const isRefused = err?.cause?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED' || err?.message?.includes('ECONNREFUSED');
-      throw new Error(
+      throw new BrowserConnectError(
         isRefused
           ? `Cannot connect to Antigravity at ${endpoint}.\n` +
             '  1. Make sure Antigravity is running\n' +
diff --git a/src/clis/barchart/flow.ts b/src/clis/barchart/flow.ts
index 6718bea2..dde819aa 100644
--- a/src/clis/barchart/flow.ts
+++ b/src/clis/barchart/flow.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Auth: CSRF token from <meta name="csrf-token"> + session cookies.
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'barchart',
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ cli({
     if (!data) return [];
 
     if (data.error === 'no-csrf') {
-      throw new Error('Could not extract CSRF token from barchart.com. Make sure you are logged in.');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('barchart.com', 'Could not extract CSRF token. Make sure you are logged in.');
     }
 
     if (!Array.isArray(data)) return [];
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/chatmsg.ts b/src/clis/boss/chatmsg.ts
index c8ed4aec..ac96db81 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/chatmsg.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/chatmsg.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateToChat, bossFetch, findFriendByUid } from './utils.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid);
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('未找到该候选人');
 
     const gid = friend.uid;
     const securityId = encodeURIComponent(friend.securityId);
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/detail.ts b/src/clis/boss/detail.ts
index 667ea4a3..311fd406 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/detail.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/detail.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * BOSS直聘 job detail — fetch full job posting details via browser cookie API.
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateTo, bossFetch, verbose } from './utils.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ cli({
     const brandComInfo = zpData.brandComInfo || {};
 
     if (!jobInfo.jobName) {
-      throw new Error('该职位信息不存在或已下架');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('该职位信息不存在或已下架');
     }
 
     return [{
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/exchange.ts b/src/clis/boss/exchange.ts
index d3c9e8ea..23ba496e 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/exchange.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/exchange.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * BOSS直聘 exchange — request phone/wechat exchange with a candidate.
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateToChat, bossFetch, findFriendByUid, verbose } from './utils.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid, { checkGreetList: true });
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('未找到该候选人');
 
     const friendName = friend.name || '候选人';
     const typeId = exchangeType === 'wechat' ? 2 : 1;
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/greet.ts b/src/clis/boss/greet.ts
index cb7af0a6..a871c77c 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/greet.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/greet.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * BOSS直聘 greet — send greeting to a new candidate (initiate chat).
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError, EmptyResultError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import {
   requirePage, navigateToChat, findFriendByUid,
   clickCandidateInList, typeAndSendMessage, verbose,
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ cli({
     });
 
     if (!friend) {
-      throw new Error('未找到该候选人，请确认 uid 是否正确（可从 recommend 命令获取）');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('未找到该候选人，请确认 uid 是否正确（可从 recommend 命令获取）');
     }
 
     const numericUid = friend.uid;
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ cli({
 
     const clicked = await clickCandidateInList(page, numericUid);
     if (!clicked) {
-      throw new Error('无法在聊天列表中找到该用户，候选人可能不在当前列表中');
+      throw new SelectorError('candidate in chat list', '无法在聊天列表中找到该用户，候选人可能不在当前列表中');
     }
 
     await page.wait({ time: 2 });
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ cli({
     const msgText = kwargs.text || '你好，请问您对这个职位感兴趣吗？';
     const sent = await typeAndSendMessage(page, msgText);
     if (!sent) {
-      throw new Error('找不到消息输入框');
+      throw new SelectorError('message input box', '找不到消息输入框');
     }
 
     await page.wait({ time: 1 });
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/invite.ts b/src/clis/boss/invite.ts
index 73ed6908..55be1ef5 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/invite.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/invite.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * BOSS直聘 invite — send interview invitation to a candidate.
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateToChat, bossFetch, findFriendByUid, verbose } from './utils.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid, { checkGreetList: true });
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('未找到该候选人');
 
     const friendName = friend.name || '候选人';
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ cli({
     // Parse interview time
     const interviewTime = new Date(kwargs.time).getTime();
     if (isNaN(interviewTime)) {
-      throw new Error(`时间格式错误: ${kwargs.time}，请使用格式如 2025-04-01 14:00`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`时间格式错误: ${kwargs.time}，请使用格式如 2025-04-01 14:00`);
     }
 
     const params = new URLSearchParams({
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/resume.ts b/src/clis/boss/resume.ts
index 5c1ce5f1..fc772980 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/resume.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/resume.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  *  .position-content → job being discussed + expectation
  */
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError, EmptyResultError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { requirePage, navigateToChat, findFriendByUid, clickCandidateInList } from './utils.js';
 
 cli({
@@ -34,13 +35,13 @@ cli({
     await navigateToChat(page, 3);
 
     const friend = await findFriendByUid(page, kwargs.uid, { maxPages: 5 });
-    if (!friend) throw new Error('未找到该候选人，请确认 uid 是否正确');
+    if (!friend) throw new EmptyResultError('未找到该候选人，请确认 uid 是否正确');
 
     const numericUid = friend.uid;
 
     const clicked = await clickCandidateInList(page, numericUid);
     if (!clicked) {
-      throw new Error('无法在聊天列表中找到该用户，请确认聊天列表中有此人');
+      throw new SelectorError('candidate in chat list', '无法在聊天列表中找到该用户，请确认聊天列表中有此人');
     }
 
     await page.wait({ time: 2 });
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ cli({
     `);
 
     if (resumeInfo.error) {
-      throw new Error('无法获取简历面板: ' + resumeInfo.error);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('无法获取简历面板: ' + resumeInfo.error);
     }
 
     return [{
diff --git a/src/clis/boss/utils.ts b/src/clis/boss/utils.ts
index 0b8f8881..39e6f570 100644
--- a/src/clis/boss/utils.ts
+++ b/src/clis/boss/utils.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  * - Verbose logging
  */
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 // ── Constants ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ export interface FetchOptions {
  * Assert that page is available (non-null).
  */
 export function requirePage(page: IPage | null): asserts page is IPage {
-  if (!page) throw new Error('Browser page required');
+  if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser page required');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ export async function navigateTo(page: IPage, url: string, waitSeconds = 1): Pro
  */
 export function checkAuth(data: BossApiResponse): void {
   if (COOKIE_EXPIRED_CODES.has(data.code)) {
-    throw new Error(COOKIE_EXPIRED_MSG);
+    throw new AuthRequiredError('www.zhipin.com', COOKIE_EXPIRED_MSG);
   }
 }
 
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ export function assertOk(data: BossApiResponse, errorPrefix?: string): void {
   if (data.code === 0) return;
   checkAuth(data);
   const prefix = errorPrefix ? `${errorPrefix}: ` : '';
-  throw new Error(`${prefix}${data.message || 'Unknown error'} (code=${data.code})`);
+  throw new CommandExecutionError(`${prefix}${data.message || 'Unknown error'} (code=${data.code})`);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/clis/chaoxing/assignments.ts b/src/clis/chaoxing/assignments.ts
index 51752231..40f5899d 100644
--- a/src/clis/chaoxing/assignments.ts
+++ b/src/clis/chaoxing/assignments.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
-import { AuthRequiredError } from '../../errors.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import {
   getCourses, initSession, enterCourse, getTabIframeUrl,
   parseAssignmentsFromDom, sleep,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ cli({
       ? courses.filter(c => c.title.includes(courseFilter))
       : courses;
     if (courseFilter && !filtered.length) {
-      throw new Error(`未找到匹配「${courseFilter}」的课程`);
+      throw new EmptyResultError('chaoxing courses', `未找到匹配「${courseFilter}」的课程`);
     }
 
     // 3. Per-course: enter → click 作业 tab → navigate to iframe → parse
diff --git a/src/clis/chaoxing/exams.ts b/src/clis/chaoxing/exams.ts
index 509c8311..39fa0f73 100644
--- a/src/clis/chaoxing/exams.ts
+++ b/src/clis/chaoxing/exams.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import {
   getCourses, initSession, enterCourse, getTabIframeUrl,
   parseExamsFromDom, sleep,
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ cli({
 
     // 2. Get courses
     const courses = await getCourses(page);
-    if (!courses.length) throw new Error('未获取到课程列表，请确认已登录学习通');
+    if (!courses.length) throw new AuthRequiredError('mooc2-ans.chaoxing.com', '未获取到课程列表，请确认已登录学习通');
 
     const filtered = courseFilter
       ? courses.filter(c => c.title.includes(courseFilter))
       : courses;
     if (courseFilter && !filtered.length) {
-      throw new Error(`未找到匹配「${courseFilter}」的课程`);
+      throw new EmptyResultError('chaoxing courses', `未找到匹配「${courseFilter}」的课程`);
     }
 
     // 3. Per-course: enter → click 考试 tab → navigate to iframe → parse
diff --git a/src/clis/coupang/add-to-cart.ts b/src/clis/coupang/add-to-cart.ts
index 3a7e8d15..359358b9 100644
--- a/src/clis/coupang/add-to-cart.ts
+++ b/src/clis/coupang/add-to-cart.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { ArgumentError, AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { canonicalizeProductUrl, normalizeProductId } from './utils.js';
 
 function escapeJsString(value: string): string {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ cli({
     const targetUrl = canonicalizeProductUrl(kwargs.url, productId);
 
     if (!productId && !targetUrl) {
-      throw new Error('Either --product-id or --url is required');
+      throw new ArgumentError('Either --product-id or --url is required');
     }
 
     const finalUrl = targetUrl || canonicalizeProductUrl('', productId);
@@ -121,21 +122,21 @@ cli({
     const result = await page.evaluate(buildAddToCartEvaluate(productId));
     const loginHints = result?.loginHints ?? {};
     if (loginHints.hasLoginLink && !loginHints.hasMyCoupang) {
-      throw new Error('Coupang login required. Please log into Coupang in Chrome and retry.');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('www.coupang.com', 'Coupang login required. Please log into Coupang in Chrome and retry.');
     }
 
     const actualProductId = normalizeProductId(result?.currentProductId || productId);
     if (result?.reason === 'PRODUCT_MISMATCH') {
-      throw new Error(`Product mismatch: expected ${productId}, got ${actualProductId || 'unknown'}`);
+      throw new CommandExecutionError(`Product mismatch: expected ${productId}, got ${actualProductId || 'unknown'}`);
     }
     if (result?.reason === 'OPTION_REQUIRED') {
-      throw new Error('This product requires option selection and is not supported in v1.');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('This product requires option selection and is not supported in v1.');
     }
     if (result?.reason === 'ADD_TO_CART_BUTTON_NOT_FOUND') {
-      throw new Error('Could not find an add-to-cart button on the product page.');
+      throw new SelectorError('add-to-cart button', 'Could not find an add-to-cart button on the product page.');
     }
     if (!result?.ok) {
-      throw new Error('Failed to confirm add-to-cart success.');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('Failed to confirm add-to-cart success.');
     }
 
     return [{
diff --git a/src/clis/coupang/search.ts b/src/clis/coupang/search.ts
index b7095cfe..1a86706c 100644
--- a/src/clis/coupang/search.ts
+++ b/src/clis/coupang/search.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { ArgumentError, AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { mergeSearchItems, normalizeSearchItem, sanitizeSearchItems } from './utils.js';
 
 function escapeJsString(value: string): string {
@@ -420,7 +421,7 @@ cli({
     const pageNumber = Math.max(Number(kwargs.page || 1), 1);
     const limit = Math.min(Math.max(Number(kwargs.limit || 20), 1), 50);
     const filter = String(kwargs.filter || '').trim().toLowerCase();
-    if (!query) throw new Error('Query is required');
+    if (!query) throw new ArgumentError('Query is required');
 
     const initialPage = filter ? 1 : pageNumber;
     const url = `https://www.coupang.com/np/search?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}&channel=user&page=${initialPage}`;
@@ -428,7 +429,7 @@ cli({
     if (filter) {
       const filterResult = await page.evaluate(buildApplyFilterEvaluate(filter));
       if (!filterResult?.ok) {
-        throw new Error(`Unsupported or unavailable filter: ${filter}`);
+        throw new CommandExecutionError(`Unsupported or unavailable filter: ${filter}`);
       }
       await page.wait(3);
       if (pageNumber > 1) {
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ cli({
       : mergeSearchItems(normalizedBase, normalizedDom, limit);
 
     if (!normalized.length && loginHints.hasLoginLink && !loginHints.hasMyCoupang) {
-      throw new Error('Coupang login required. Please log into Coupang in Chrome and retry.');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('www.coupang.com', 'Coupang login required. Please log into Coupang in Chrome and retry.');
     }
     return normalized;
   },
diff --git a/src/clis/discord-app/search.ts b/src/clis/discord-app/search.ts
index e900f704..cf081283 100644
--- a/src/clis/discord-app/search.ts
+++ b/src/clis/discord-app/search.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 export const searchCommand = cli({
@@ -19,16 +20,23 @@ export const searchCommand = cli({
     await page.wait(0.5);
 
     // Type query into search box
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      (function(q) {
-        const input = document.querySelector('[aria-label*="Search"], [class*="searchBar"] input, [placeholder*="Search"]');
-        if (!input) throw new Error('Search input not found');
-        input.focus();
-        const setter = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.HTMLInputElement.prototype, 'value').set;
-        setter.call(input, q);
-        input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
-      })(${JSON.stringify(query)})
-    `);
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        (function(q) {
+          const input = document.querySelector('[aria-label*="Search"], [class*="searchBar"] input, [placeholder*="Search"]');
+          if (!input) throw new Error('Search input not found');
+          input.focus();
+          const setter = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.HTMLInputElement.prototype, 'value').set;
+          setter.call(input, q);
+          input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));
+        })(${JSON.stringify(query)})
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Search input not found')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('Discord search input', 'Search input not found in Discord UI');
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
 
     await page.pressKey('Enter');
     await page.wait(2);
diff --git a/src/clis/discord-app/send.ts b/src/clis/discord-app/send.ts
index e899d33c..0d31c4c3 100644
--- a/src/clis/discord-app/send.ts
+++ b/src/clis/discord-app/send.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 export const sendCommand = cli({
@@ -13,16 +14,23 @@ export const sendCommand = cli({
   func: async (page: IPage, kwargs: any) => {
     const text = kwargs.text as string;
 
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      (function(text) {
-        // Discord uses a Slate-based editor with [data-slate-editor="true"] or role="textbox"
-        const editor = document.querySelector('[role="textbox"][data-slate-editor="true"], [class*="slateTextArea"]');
-        if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Discord message input. Make sure a channel is open.');
-        
-        editor.focus();
-        document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
-      })(${JSON.stringify(text)})
-    `);
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        (function(text) {
+          // Discord uses a Slate-based editor with [data-slate-editor="true"] or role="textbox"
+          const editor = document.querySelector('[role="textbox"][data-slate-editor="true"], [class*="slateTextArea"]');
+          if (!editor) throw new Error('Could not find Discord message input. Make sure a channel is open.');
+
+          editor.focus();
+          document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
+        })(${JSON.stringify(text)})
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find Discord message input')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('Discord message input', 'Could not find Discord message input. Make sure a channel is open.');
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
 
     await page.wait(0.3);
     await page.pressKey('Enter');
diff --git a/src/clis/douban/utils.ts b/src/clis/douban/utils.ts
index b30aa6cf..e383cfd2 100644
--- a/src/clis/douban/utils.ts
+++ b/src/clis/douban/utils.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Douban adapter utilities.
  */
 
-import { CliError } from '../../errors.js';
+import { CliError, EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 function clampLimit(limit: number): number {
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export async function getSelfUid(page: IPage): Promise<string> {
     })()
   `);
   if (!uid) {
-    throw new Error('Not logged in to Douban. Please login in Chrome first.');
+    throw new EmptyResultError('Douban user ID', 'Not logged in to Douban. Please login in Chrome first.');
   }
   return uid;
 }
diff --git a/src/clis/doubao-app/ask.ts b/src/clis/doubao-app/ask.ts
index 5ae9c126..64195341 100644
--- a/src/clis/doubao-app/ask.ts
+++ b/src/clis/doubao-app/ask.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { SEL, injectTextScript, clickSendScript, pollResponseScript } from './utils.js';
 
 export const askCommand = cli({
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ export const askCommand = cli({
 
     // Inject text + send
     const injected = await page.evaluate(injectTextScript(text));
-    if (!injected?.ok) throw new Error('Could not find chat input.');
+    if (!injected?.ok) throw new SelectorError('Doubao chat input', 'Could not find chat input');
     await page.wait(0.5);
 
     const clicked = await page.evaluate(clickSendScript());
diff --git a/src/clis/doubao-app/send.ts b/src/clis/doubao-app/send.ts
index 649796ff..eb4e58a0 100644
--- a/src/clis/doubao-app/send.ts
+++ b/src/clis/doubao-app/send.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import { injectTextScript, clickSendScript } from './utils.js';
 
 export const sendCommand = cli({
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ export const sendCommand = cli({
 
     const injected = await page.evaluate(injectTextScript(text));
     if (!injected || !injected.ok) {
-      throw new Error('Could not find chat input: ' + (injected?.error || 'unknown'));
+      throw new SelectorError('Doubao chat input', 'Could not find chat input: ' + (injected?.error || 'unknown'));
     }
     await page.wait(0.5);
 
diff --git a/src/clis/notion/write.ts b/src/clis/notion/write.ts
index 73f225c6..75427a34 100644
--- a/src/clis/notion/write.ts
+++ b/src/clis/notion/write.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 export const writeCommand = cli({
@@ -14,29 +15,36 @@ export const writeCommand = cli({
     const text = kwargs.text as string;
 
     // Focus the page body and move to the end
-    await page.evaluate(`
-      (function(text) {
-        // Find the editable area in Notion
-        const editables = document.querySelectorAll('.notion-page-content [contenteditable="true"], [class*="page-content"] [contenteditable="true"]');
-        let target = editables.length > 0 ? editables[editables.length - 1] : null;
-        
-        if (!target) {
-          // Fallback: just find any contenteditable
-          const all = document.querySelectorAll('[contenteditable="true"]');
-          target = all.length > 0 ? all[all.length - 1] : null;
-        }
-        
-        if (!target) throw new Error('Could not find editable area in Notion page');
-        
-        target.focus();
-        // Move to end
-        const sel = window.getSelection();
-        sel.selectAllChildren(target);
-        sel.collapseToEnd();
-        
-        document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
-      })(${JSON.stringify(text)})
-    `);
+    try {
+      await page.evaluate(`
+        (function(text) {
+          // Find the editable area in Notion
+          const editables = document.querySelectorAll('.notion-page-content [contenteditable="true"], [class*="page-content"] [contenteditable="true"]');
+          let target = editables.length > 0 ? editables[editables.length - 1] : null;
+
+          if (!target) {
+            // Fallback: just find any contenteditable
+            const all = document.querySelectorAll('[contenteditable="true"]');
+            target = all.length > 0 ? all[all.length - 1] : null;
+          }
+
+          if (!target) throw new Error('Could not find editable area in Notion page');
+
+          target.focus();
+          // Move to end
+          const sel = window.getSelection();
+          sel.selectAllChildren(target);
+          sel.collapseToEnd();
+
+          document.execCommand('insertText', false, text);
+        })(${JSON.stringify(text)})
+      `);
+    } catch (e: any) {
+      if (e.message?.includes('Could not find editable area')) {
+        throw new SelectorError('Notion editable area', 'Could not find editable area in Notion page');
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
 
     await page.wait(0.5);
 
diff --git a/src/clis/sinablog/search.ts b/src/clis/sinablog/search.ts
index 520c059a..4eff7336 100644
--- a/src/clis/sinablog/search.ts
+++ b/src/clis/sinablog/search.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 function normalize(value: unknown): string {
   return typeof value === 'string' ? value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim() : '';
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ async function searchSinaBlog(keyword: string, limit: number): Promise<any[]> {
       Accept: 'application/json',
     },
   });
-  if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(`Sina blog search failed: HTTP ${resp.status}`);
+  if (!resp.ok) throw new CommandExecutionError(`Sina blog search failed: HTTP ${resp.status}`);
 
   const data = await resp.json() as { data?: { list?: any[] } };
   const list = Array.isArray(data?.data?.list) ? data.data.list : [];
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-note-detail.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-note-detail.ts
index c6c25157..91c7f2ec 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-note-detail.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-note-detail.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 type CreatorNoteDetailRow = {
   section: string;
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ cli({
 
     const hasCoreMetric = rows.some((row) => row.section !== '笔记信息' && row.value);
     if (!hasCoreMetric) {
-      throw new Error('No note detail data found. Check note_id and login status for creator.xiaohongshu.com.');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('xiaohongshu creator note detail', 'Check note_id and login status for creator.xiaohongshu.com.');
     }
 
     return rows;
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes-summary.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes-summary.ts
index bb24b4ad..71aca78b 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes-summary.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes-summary.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import { fetchCreatorNotes, type CreatorNoteRow } from './creator-notes.js';
 import { fetchCreatorNoteDetailRows, type CreatorNoteDetailRow } from './creator-note-detail.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 type CreatorNoteSummaryRow = {
   rank: number;
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ cli({
     const notes = await fetchCreatorNotes(page, limit);
 
     if (!notes.length) {
-      throw new Error('No notes found. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('xiaohongshu creator notes summary', 'Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
     }
 
     const results: CreatorNoteSummaryRow[] = [];
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes.ts
index 49d1936e..01c662ee 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-notes.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 const DATE_LINE_RE = /^发布于 (\d{4}年\d{2}月\d{2}日 \d{2}:\d{2})$/;
 const METRIC_LINE_RE = /^\d+$/;
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ cli({
     const notes = await fetchCreatorNotes(page, limit);
 
     if (!Array.isArray(notes) || notes.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('No notes found. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('xiaohongshu creator notes', 'Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
     }
 
     return notes
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-profile.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-profile.ts
index e1ecdfa5..da8247da 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-profile.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-profile.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'xiaohongshu',
@@ -37,10 +38,10 @@ cli({
     `);
 
     if (data?.error) {
-      throw new Error(data.error + '. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('creator.xiaohongshu.com', data.error + '. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
     }
     if (!data?.data) {
-      throw new Error('Unexpected response structure');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('Unexpected response structure');
     }
 
     const d = data.data;
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-stats.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-stats.ts
index d71cb2c8..d1bba8b6 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-stats.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/creator-stats.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { AuthRequiredError, ArgumentError, CommandExecutionError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 cli({
   site: 'xiaohongshu',
@@ -48,15 +49,15 @@ cli({
     `);
 
     if (data?.error) {
-      throw new Error(data.error + '. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
+      throw new AuthRequiredError('creator.xiaohongshu.com', data.error + '. Are you logged into creator.xiaohongshu.com?');
     }
     if (!data?.data) {
-      throw new Error('Unexpected response structure');
+      throw new CommandExecutionError('Unexpected response structure');
     }
 
     const stats = data.data[period];
     if (!stats) {
-      throw new Error(`No data for period "${period}". Available: ${Object.keys(data.data).join(', ')}`);
+      throw new ArgumentError(`No data for period "${period}". Available: ${Object.keys(data.data).join(', ')}`);
     }
 
     // Format daily trend as sparkline-like summary
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts
index da764109..9878a0ff 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/publish.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
+import { ArgumentError, AuthRequiredError, CommandExecutionError, SelectorError } from '../../errors.js';
 import type { IPage } from '../../types.js';
 
 const PUBLISH_URL = 'https://creator.xiaohongshu.com/publish/publish?from=menu_left';
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ type ImagePayload = { name: string; mimeType: string; base64: string };
  */
 function readImageFile(filePath: string): ImagePayload {
   const absPath = path.resolve(filePath);
-  if (!fs.existsSync(absPath)) throw new Error(`Image file not found: ${absPath}`);
+  if (!fs.existsSync(absPath)) throw new ArgumentError(`Image file not found: ${absPath}`);
   const ext = path.extname(absPath).toLowerCase();
   const mimeMap: Record<string, string> = {
     '.jpg': 'image/jpeg',
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ function readImageFile(filePath: string): ImagePayload {
     '.webp': 'image/webp',
   };
   const mimeType = mimeMap[ext];
-  if (!mimeType) throw new Error(`Unsupported image format "${ext}". Supported: jpg, png, gif, webp`);
+  if (!mimeType) throw new ArgumentError(`Unsupported image format "${ext}". Supported: jpg, png, gif, webp`);
   const base64 = fs.readFileSync(absPath).toString('base64');
   return { name: path.basename(absPath), mimeType, base64 };
 }
@@ -145,7 +146,8 @@ async function fillField(page: IPage, selectors: string[], text: string, fieldNa
   `);
   if (!result.ok) {
     await page.screenshot({ path: `/tmp/xhs_publish_${fieldName}_debug.png` });
-    throw new Error(
+    throw new SelectorError(
+      fieldName,
       `Could not find ${fieldName} input. Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_${fieldName}_debug.png`
     );
   }
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ cli({
   ],
   columns: ['status', 'detail'],
   func: async (page: IPage | null, kwargs) => {
-    if (!page) throw new Error('Browser page required');
+    if (!page) throw new CommandExecutionError('Browser page required');
 
     const title = String(kwargs.title ?? '').trim();
     const content = String(kwargs.content ?? '').trim();
@@ -180,12 +182,12 @@ cli({
     const isDraft = Boolean(kwargs.draft);
 
     // ── Validate inputs ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-    if (!title) throw new Error('--title is required');
+    if (!title) throw new ArgumentError('--title is required');
     if (title.length > MAX_TITLE_LEN)
-      throw new Error(`Title is ${title.length} chars — must be ≤ ${MAX_TITLE_LEN}`);
-    if (!content) throw new Error('Positional argument <content> is required');
+      throw new ArgumentError(`Title is ${title.length} chars — must be ≤ ${MAX_TITLE_LEN}`);
+    if (!content) throw new ArgumentError('Positional argument <content> is required');
     if (imagePaths.length > MAX_IMAGES)
-      throw new Error(`Too many images: ${imagePaths.length} (max ${MAX_IMAGES})`);
+      throw new ArgumentError(`Too many images: ${imagePaths.length} (max ${MAX_IMAGES})`);
 
     // Read images in Node.js context before navigating (fast-fail on bad paths)
     const imageData: ImagePayload[] = imagePaths.map(readImageFile);
@@ -197,7 +199,8 @@ cli({
     // Verify we landed on the creator site (not redirected to login)
     const pageUrl: string = await page.evaluate('() => location.href');
     if (!pageUrl.includes('creator.xiaohongshu.com')) {
-      throw new Error(
+      throw new AuthRequiredError(
+        'creator.xiaohongshu.com',
         'Redirected away from creator center — session may have expired. ' +
         'Re-capture browser login via: opencli xiaohongshu creator-profile'
       );
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ cli({
       const upload = await injectImages(page, imageData);
       if (!upload.ok) {
         await page.screenshot({ path: '/tmp/xhs_publish_upload_debug.png' });
-        throw new Error(
+        throw new CommandExecutionError(
           `Image injection failed: ${upload.error ?? 'unknown'}. ` +
           'Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_upload_debug.png'
         );
@@ -348,7 +351,8 @@ cli({
 
     if (!btnClicked) {
       await page.screenshot({ path: '/tmp/xhs_publish_submit_debug.png' });
-      throw new Error(
+      throw new SelectorError(
+        actionLabel,
         `Could not find "${actionLabel}" button. ` +
         'Debug screenshot: /tmp/xhs_publish_submit_debug.png'
       );
diff --git a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/user.ts b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/user.ts
index 44fa9cf0..2fcb42b6 100644
--- a/src/clis/xiaohongshu/user.ts
+++ b/src/clis/xiaohongshu/user.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { cli, Strategy } from '../../registry.js';
 import { extractXhsUserNotes, normalizeXhsUserId } from './user-helpers.js';
+import { EmptyResultError } from '../../errors.js';
 
 async function readUserSnapshot(page: any) {
   return await page.evaluate(`
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ cli({
     }
 
     if (results.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('No public notes found for this Xiaohongshu user.');
+      throw new EmptyResultError('xiaohongshu user notes', 'Are you logged into xiaohongshu.com?');
     }
 
     return results.slice(0, limit);