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‎_01_basics/Datatypes.java

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package com._01_basics;
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public class Datatypes {
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public static void main (String[] args) {
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int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number)
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float myFloatNum = 5.99f; // Floating point number
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char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
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boolean myBool = true; // Boolean
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String myText = "Hello"; // String
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System.out.println("These below are the datatypes : ");
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myNum);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myFloatNum);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myLetter);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myBool);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myText);
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}
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}
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//Primitive Datatypes in Java
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/*
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Data Type Size Description
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byte 1 byte Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127
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short 2 bytes Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767
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int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
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long 8 bytes Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
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float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits
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double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits
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boolean 1 bit Stores true or false values
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char 2 bytes Stores a single character/letter or ASCII values
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*/

‎_01_basics/Main.java

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package com._01_basics;
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public class Main {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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System.out.println("Hello World");
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}
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}
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// This is a single line comment in java
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/*
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This is
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a multiline comment
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in java
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*/

‎_01_basics/Operators.java

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package com._01_basics;
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import java.util.Scanner;
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public class Operators {
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public static void main (String[] args) {
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int x,y,sum,sub,mul,div,mod;
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Scanner inp = new Scanner(System.in);
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System.out.println("Enter value of x");
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x = inp.nextInt();
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System.out.println("Enter value of y");
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y = inp.nextInt();
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sum = x + y;
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sub = x - y;
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mul = x * y;
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div = x / y;
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mod = x % y;
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System.out.println("Sum = "+sum);
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System.out.println("Sum = "+sub);
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System.out.println("Sum = "+mul);
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System.out.println("Sum = "+div);
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System.out.println("Sum = "+mod);
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}
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}

‎_01_basics/StringMethods.java

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package com._01_basics;
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public class StringMethods {
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public static void main (String[] args) {
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String greeting = "Hello";
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System.out.println(greeting+" Sahil");
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//Function to get string length
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String txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
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System.out.println("The length of the txt string is: " + txt.length());
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//String to UPPERCASE
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String words = "Hello World";
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System.out.println(words.toUpperCase());
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//String to lowercase
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System.out.println(words.toLowerCase());
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//Finding a Character in a String
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String text = "Please locate where 'sb' occurs";
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System.out.println("sb is at "+text.indexOf("sb")+"th location");
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//String Concatenation +
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String firstName = "Sahil";
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String lastName = "Batra";
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System.out.println("My name is "+firstName+" "+lastName);
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//String Concatenation using concat() method
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System.out.println(firstName.concat(lastName)+" is my name.");
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//Special Characters
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/*
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Escape character Result Description
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\' ' Single quote
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\" " Double quote
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\\ \ Backslash
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*/
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String desc = "We are the so-called \"Punjabi\" from the north.";
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System.out.println(desc);
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String text1 = "It\'s alright";
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System.out.println("Dont worry "+text1);
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//Six other escape sequences are valid in Java:
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/*
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Code Result
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\n New Line
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\r Carriage Return
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\t Tab
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\b Backspace
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\f Form Feed
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Try above yourself
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*/
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//WARNING!
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//Java uses the + operator for both addition and concatenation.
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//Numbers are added. Strings are concatenated.
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}
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}

‎_01_basics/Typecasting.java

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package com._01_basics;
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public class Typecasting {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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//Widening Casting
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int myInt = 9;
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double myDouble = myInt; // Automatic casting: int to double
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System.out.println(myInt); // Outputs 9
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System.out.println(myDouble); // Outputs 9.0
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//Narrowing Casting
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double myDoublen = 9.78d;
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int myIntn = (int) myDouble; // Manual casting: double to int
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System.out.println(myDouble); // Outputs 9.78
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System.out.println(myInt); // Outputs 9 but still its a wrong practise
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}
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}

‎_01_basics/Variables.java

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package com._01_basics;
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public class Variables {
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public static void main (String[] args) {
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String myName = "Sahil";
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int Num = 15; // declaration with initialization
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Num = 20; // initialization afterwards
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System.out.println(Num);
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final int myConst = 30;
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System.out.println(myConst);
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//myNum = 25; // will generate an error: cannot assign a value to a final variable
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// other data types
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int myNum = 5;
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float myFloatNum = 5.99f;
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char myLetter = 'D';
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boolean myBool = true;
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String myText = "Hello";
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myNum);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myFloatNum);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myLetter);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myBool);
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System.out.println("Integer Value = "+myText);
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// For numeric values, the + character works as a mathematical operator
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int x = 5;
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int y = 6;
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System.out.println(x + y); // Print the value of x + y
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// Declare Many Variables
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int a = 5, b = 6, c = 50;
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System.out.println(a + b + c);
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System.out.println(a+ "" +b+ "" +c);
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}
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}
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// variable declaration :
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// data type variable_name = value;
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/* you can add the final keyword if you don't want others
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(or yourself) to overwrite existing values
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(this will declare the variable as "final" or "constant",
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which means unchangeable and read-only */
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// Here x. y , a,b myNum and more of these are called java identifiers

‎_02_control_statements/BreakAndContinue.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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public class BreakAndContinue {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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System.out.println("Breaking at 4 but loop is till 10");
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for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
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if (i == 4) {
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break;
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}
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System.out.println(i);
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}
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System.out.println("\nContinuing at 4 but loop is till 10");
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for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
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if (j== 4) {
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continue;
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}
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System.out.println(j);
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}
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}
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}

‎_02_control_statements/Enhanced_Switch.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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import java.util.Scanner;
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// Shorthand Switch Statement
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public class Enhanced_Switch {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Scanner inp = new Scanner(System.in);
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String fruit = inp.next();
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switch (fruit) {
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case "Mango" -> System.out.println("King of fruit");
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case "Apple" -> System.out.println("A sweet red fruit");
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case "Orange" -> System.out.println("A round fruit");
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case "Grapes" -> System.out.println("Small green fruit");
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default -> System.out.println("Please enter a valid food");
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}
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}
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}

‎_02_control_statements/For.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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public class For {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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System.out.println("Loop from 0 to 5");
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for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
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System.out.println(i);
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}
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System.out.println("Loop for even numbers 0 to 10");
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for (int j = 0; j <= 10; j = j + 2) {
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System.out.println(j);
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}
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//Using for loop with array
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String[] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"};
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for (String k : cars) {
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System.out.println(k);
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}
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}
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}

‎_02_control_statements/IfElse.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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public class IfElse {
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public static void main (String[] args) {
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//if statement
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if (20 > 18) {
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System.out.println("20 is greater than 18");
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}
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int x = 20;
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int y = 18;
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if (x > y) {
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System.out.println("x is greater than y");
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}
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//if else statement
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int time = 20;
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if (time < 18) {
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System.out.println("Good day.");
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} else {
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System.out.println("Good evening.");
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}
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//else if statement
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int t = 22;
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if (t < 10) {
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System.out.println("Good morning.");
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} else if (t < 20) {
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System.out.println("Good day.");
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} else {
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System.out.println("Good evening.");
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}
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//Short Hand if..else (Ternary Operator)
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int timezone = 20;
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String result = (timezone < 18) ? "Good day." : "Good evening.";
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System.out.println(result);
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}
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}

‎_02_control_statements/Nested_Switch.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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import java.util.Scanner;
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public class Nested_Switch {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Scanner inp = new Scanner(System.in);
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int empID = inp.nextInt();
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String department = inp.next();
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//ENHANCED SWTICH STATEMENT
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switch (empID) {
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case 1 -> System.out.println("Sahil Batra");
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case 2 -> System.out.println("Kabir Jangra");
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case 3 -> {
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System.out.println("Employee Number 3");
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switch (department) {
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case "IT" -> System.out.println("IT Department");
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case "Management" -> System.out.println("Management Department");
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default -> System.out.println("No department entered");
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}
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}
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default -> System.out.println("Enter correct Emp ID");
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}
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}
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}
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// OR NORMAL SWITCH STATEMENT
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// switch (empID) {
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// case 1:
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// System.out.println("Sahil Batra");
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// break;
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// case 2:
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// System.out.println("Kabir Jangra");
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// break;
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// case 3:
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// System.out.println("Employee Number 3");
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// switch (department) {
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// case "IT":
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// System.out.println("IT Department");
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// break;
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// case "Management":
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// System.out.println("Management Department");
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// break;
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// default:
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// System.out.println("No department entered");
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// }
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// break;
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// default:
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// System.out.println("Enter correct Emp ID");
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// }
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‎_02_control_statements/Switch.java

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package com._02_control_statements;
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import java.util.Scanner;
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public class Switch {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Scanner inp = new Scanner(System.in);
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System.out.println("Enter the number of the day");
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int day = inp.nextInt();
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switch (day) {
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case 1:
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System.out.println("Monday");
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break;
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case 2:
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System.out.println("Tuesday");
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break;
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case 3:
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System.out.println("Wednesday");
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break;
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case 4:
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System.out.println("Thursday");
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break;
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case 5:
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System.out.println("Friday");
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break;
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case 6:
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System.out.println("Saturday");
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break;
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case 7:
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System.out.println("Sunday");
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break;
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default:
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System.out.println("Wrong Input");
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}
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}
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}

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