diff --git a/src/webgpu/api/validation/encoding/cmds/setImmediates.spec.ts b/src/webgpu/api/validation/encoding/cmds/setImmediates.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7050e979dd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/webgpu/api/validation/encoding/cmds/setImmediates.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+export const description = `
+setImmediates validation tests.
+TODO(#4297): enable Float16Array
+`;
+
+import { makeTestGroup } from '../../../../../common/framework/test_group.js';
+import { getGPU } from '../../../../../common/util/navigator_gpu.js';
+import {
+  kTypedArrayBufferViews,
+  kTypedArrayBufferViewKeys,
+} from '../../../../../common/util/util.js';
+import { AllFeaturesMaxLimitsGPUTest } from '../../../../gpu_test.js';
+import { kProgrammableEncoderTypes } from '../../../../util/command_buffer_maker.js';
+
+class SetImmediatesTest extends AllFeaturesMaxLimitsGPUTest {
+  override async init() {
+    await super.init();
+    if (
+      !('setImmediates' in GPURenderPassEncoder.prototype) &&
+      !('setImmediates' in GPUComputePassEncoder.prototype) &&
+      !('setImmediates' in GPURenderBundleEncoder.prototype) &&
+      !('maxImmediateSize' in GPUSupportedLimits.prototype) &&
+      !getGPU(this.rec).wgslLanguageFeatures.has('immediate_address_space')
+    ) {
+      this.skip('setImmediates not supported');
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export const g = makeTestGroup(SetImmediatesTest);
+
+g.test('alignment')
+  .desc('Tests that rangeOffset and contentSize must align to 4 bytes.')
+  .params(u =>
+    u //
+      .combine('encoderType', kProgrammableEncoderTypes)
+      .combine('arrayType', kTypedArrayBufferViewKeys)
+      .filter(p => p.arrayType !== 'Float16Array')
+      .combineWithParams([
+        // control case: rangeOffset 4 is aligned. contentByteSize 8 is aligned.
+        { rangeOffset: 4, contentByteSize: 8 },
+        // rangeOffset 6 is unaligned (6 % 4 !== 0).
+        { rangeOffset: 6, contentByteSize: 8 },
+        // contentByteSize 10 is unaligned (10 % 4 !== 0).
+        // Note: This case will be skipped for types with element size > 2 (e.g. Uint32, Uint64)
+        // because they cannot form a 10-byte array.
+        { rangeOffset: 4, contentByteSize: 10 },
+      ])
+      .filter(({ arrayType, contentByteSize }) => {
+        // Skip if the contentByteSize is not a multiple of the element size.
+        // For example, we can't have 10 bytes if the element size is 4 or 8 bytes.
+        const arrayConstructor = kTypedArrayBufferViews[arrayType];
+        return contentByteSize % arrayConstructor.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT === 0;
+      })
+  )
+  .fn(t => {
+    const { encoderType, arrayType, rangeOffset, contentByteSize } = t.params;
+    const arrayBufferType = kTypedArrayBufferViews[arrayType];
+    const elementSize = arrayBufferType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+    const elementCount = contentByteSize / elementSize;
+
+    const isRangeOffsetAligned = rangeOffset % 4 === 0;
+    const isContentSizeAligned = contentByteSize % 4 === 0;
+
+    const { encoder, validateFinish } = t.createEncoder(encoderType);
+    const data = new arrayBufferType(elementCount);
+
+    t.shouldThrow(isContentSizeAligned ? false : 'RangeError', () => {
+      // Cast to any to avoid Float16Array issues
+      // MAINTENANCE_TODO: remove this cast when the types are updated.
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+      (encoder as any).setImmediates(rangeOffset, data as any, 0, elementCount);
+    });
+
+    validateFinish(isRangeOffsetAligned);
+  });
+
+g.test('overflow')
+  .desc(
+    `
+    Tests that rangeOffset + contentSize or dataOffset + size is handled correctly if it exceeds limits.
+    `
+  )
+  .params(u =>
+    u //
+      .combine('encoderType', kProgrammableEncoderTypes)
+      .combine('arrayType', kTypedArrayBufferViewKeys)
+      .filter(p => p.arrayType !== 'Float16Array')
+      .combineWithParams([
+        // control case
+        { rangeOffset: 0, dataOffset: 0, elementCount: 4, _expectedError: null },
+        // elementCount 0
+        { rangeOffset: 0, dataOffset: 0, elementCount: 0, _expectedError: null },
+        // rangeOffset + contentSize overflows
+        {
+          rangeOffset: 2 ** 31 - 8,
+          dataOffset: 0,
+          elementCount: 4,
+          _expectedError: 'validation',
+        },
+        {
+          rangeOffset: 2 ** 32 - 8,
+          dataOffset: 0,
+          elementCount: 4,
+          _expectedError: 'validation',
+        },
+        // dataOffset + size overflows
+        {
+          rangeOffset: 0,
+          dataOffset: 2 ** 31 - 1,
+          elementCount: 4,
+          _expectedError: 'RangeError',
+        },
+        {
+          rangeOffset: 0,
+          dataOffset: 2 ** 32 - 1,
+          elementCount: 4,
+          _expectedError: 'RangeError',
+        },
+      ])
+  )
+  .fn(t => {
+    const { encoderType, arrayType, rangeOffset, dataOffset, elementCount, _expectedError } =
+      t.params;
+    const arrayBufferType = kTypedArrayBufferViews[arrayType];
+
+    const { encoder, validateFinish } = t.createEncoder(encoderType);
+    const data = new arrayBufferType(elementCount);
+
+    const doSetImmediates = () => {
+      // Cast to any to avoid Float16Array issues
+      // MAINTENANCE_TODO: remove this cast when the types are updated.
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+      (encoder as any).setImmediates(rangeOffset, data as any, dataOffset, elementCount);
+    };
+
+    if (_expectedError === 'RangeError') {
+      t.shouldThrow('RangeError', doSetImmediates);
+    } else {
+      doSetImmediates();
+      validateFinish(_expectedError === null);
+    }
+  });
+
+g.test('out_of_bounds')
+  .desc(
+    `
+    Tests that rangeOffset + contentSize is greater than maxImmediateSize (Validation Error)
+    and contentSize is larger than data size (RangeError).
+    `
+  )
+  .params(u =>
+    u //
+      .combine('encoderType', kProgrammableEncoderTypes)
+      .combine('arrayType', kTypedArrayBufferViewKeys)
+      .filter(p => p.arrayType !== 'Float16Array')
+      .combineWithParams([
+        // control case
+        { rangeOffsetDelta: 0, dataLengthDelta: 0 },
+        // rangeOffset + contentSize > maxImmediateSize
+        { rangeOffsetDelta: 4, dataLengthDelta: 0 },
+        // dataOffset + size > data.length
+        { rangeOffsetDelta: 0, dataLengthDelta: -1 },
+      ])
+  )
+  .fn(t => {
+    const { encoderType, arrayType, rangeOffsetDelta, dataLengthDelta } = t.params;
+    const arrayBufferType = kTypedArrayBufferViews[arrayType];
+    const elementSize = arrayBufferType.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
+
+    // MAINTENANCE_TODO: remove this cast when the types are updated.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    const maxImmediateSize = (t.device.limits as any).maxImmediateSize;
+    if (maxImmediateSize === undefined) {
+      t.skip('maxImmediateSize not found');
+    }
+
+    // We want contentByteSize to be aligned to 4 bytes to avoid alignment errors.
+    // We use 8 bytes to cover all types including BigUint64 (8 bytes).
+    const elementCount = elementSize >= 8 ? 1 : 8 / elementSize;
+    const contentByteSize = elementCount * elementSize;
+
+    const rangeOffset = maxImmediateSize - contentByteSize + rangeOffsetDelta;
+    const dataLength = elementCount + dataLengthDelta;
+
+    const data = new arrayBufferType(dataLength);
+
+    const { encoder, validateFinish } = t.createEncoder(encoderType);
+
+    const rangeOverLimit = rangeOffset + contentByteSize > maxImmediateSize;
+    const dataOverLimit = elementCount > dataLength;
+
+    t.shouldThrow(dataOverLimit ? 'RangeError' : false, () => {
+      // MAINTENANCE_TODO: remove this cast when the types are updated.
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+      (encoder as any).setImmediates(rangeOffset, data as any, 0, elementCount);
+    });
+
+    if (!dataOverLimit) {
+      validateFinish(!rangeOverLimit);
+    }
+  });