diff --git a/plugins/account-pool/src/hub.ts b/plugins/account-pool/src/hub.ts
index 7b9c83cb27..44aa8c3d04 100644
--- a/plugins/account-pool/src/hub.ts
+++ b/plugins/account-pool/src/hub.ts
@@ -423,16 +423,18 @@ export class AccountPoolHub {
   ): Promise<AccountSecret> {
     const existing = this.refreshes.get(account.id);
     if (existing !== undefined) return existing;
-    const secret = await this.options.accounts.readSecret(account.id);
-    const refresh = adapter
-      .refreshSecret({
-        account,
-        secret,
-        accounts: this.options.accounts,
-        quotas: this.options.quotas,
-        fetch: this.options.fetch,
-        now: this.options.now,
-      })
+    const refresh = this.options.accounts
+      .readSecret(account.id)
+      .then((secret) =>
+        adapter.refreshSecret({
+          account,
+          secret,
+          accounts: this.options.accounts,
+          quotas: this.options.quotas,
+          fetch: this.options.fetch,
+          now: this.options.now,
+        }),
+      )
       .then((result) => {
         if (result.refreshed) {
           const quota = this.options.quotas.get(account.id);
diff --git a/plugins/account-pool/src/server.test.ts b/plugins/account-pool/src/server.test.ts
index 7047d74b8c..04e873244e 100644
--- a/plugins/account-pool/src/server.test.ts
+++ b/plugins/account-pool/src/server.test.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import type {
   ImportedClaudeCredentials,
   ImportedCodexCredentials,
 } from "./credentials.js";
-import { HubTokenStore } from "./store.js";
+import { AccountStore, HubTokenStore } from "./store.js";
 import {
   createAccountPoolPlugin,
   helloResponse,
@@ -2405,12 +2405,12 @@ describe("Account Pool plugin", () => {
   });
 
   it("serializes refresh, writes new tokens with 0600 mode, and uses them", async () => {
+    let now = 1_800_000_000_000;
     let refreshCalls = 0;
     const authorizations: Array<string | undefined> = [];
     const upstream = await startUpstream(async (request, response) => {
       if (request.url === "/oauth/token") {
         refreshCalls += 1;
-        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 25));
         response.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "application/json" });
         response.end(
           JSON.stringify({
@@ -2431,19 +2431,53 @@ describe("Account Pool plugin", () => {
       upstreamUrl: upstream.url,
       source: "import",
       options: {
+        now: () => now,
         importCredentials: async () =>
-          importedCredentials({ expiresAt: Date.now() + 1_000 }),
+          importedCredentials({ expiresAt: now + 10 * 60 * 1_000 }),
         refreshUrl: `${upstream.url}/oauth/token`,
       },
     });
+    expect(refreshCalls).toBe(0);
+    now += 6 * 60 * 1_000;
+    let releaseSecretReads = () => {};
+    const secretReadsReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      releaseSecretReads = resolve;
+    });
+    const readSecret = AccountStore.prototype.readSecret;
+    const pendingSecretReads: ReturnType<typeof readSecret>[] = [];
+    const readSecretSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(AccountStore.prototype, "readSecret")
+      .mockImplementation(async function (this: AccountStore, accountId) {
+        const reading = readSecret.call(this, accountId);
+        pendingSecretReads.push(reading);
+        const secret = await reading;
+        await secretReadsReleased;
+        return secret;
+      });
+    const recordUsed = vi.spyOn(AccountStore.prototype, "recordUsed");
     const requests = [1, 2].map(() =>
       fixture.host.harness.behavior.fetchHttp("POST", "/v1/messages", {
         headers: authHeaders(fixture.key),
         body: "{}",
       }),
     );
-    const responses = await Promise.all(requests);
-    await Promise.all(responses.map((response) => response.text()));
+    try {
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(recordUsed).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      });
+      await Promise.all(recordUsed.mock.results.map((result) => result.value));
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+      await Promise.all(pendingSecretReads);
+      releaseSecretReads();
+      const responses = await Promise.all(requests);
+      expect(responses.map((response) => response.status)).toEqual([200, 200]);
+      await Promise.all(responses.map((response) => response.text()));
+    } finally {
+      releaseSecretReads();
+      await Promise.allSettled(requests);
+      readSecretSpy.mockRestore();
+      recordUsed.mockRestore();
+    }
     expect(refreshCalls).toBe(1);
     expect(authorizations).toEqual(["Bearer oauth-new", "Bearer oauth-new"]);
     const secretPath = path.join(
@@ -2465,6 +2499,103 @@ describe("Account Pool plugin", () => {
     expect((await fs.stat(secretPath)).mode & 0o777).toBe(0o600);
   });
 
+  it("refreshes unrelated accounts independently", async () => {
+    let now = 1_800_000_000_000;
+    let releaseFirstRefresh = () => {};
+    const firstRefreshReleased = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      releaseFirstRefresh = resolve;
+    });
+    const refreshes: string[] = [];
+    const authorizations: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+    const upstream = await startUpstream(async (request, response) => {
+      if (request.url === "/oauth/token") {
+        const { refresh_token } = z
+          .object({ refresh_token: z.string() })
+          .parse(JSON.parse((await readRequestBody(request)).toString()));
+        refreshes.push(refresh_token);
+        if (refresh_token === "refresh-1") await firstRefreshReleased;
+        response.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "application/json" });
+        response.end(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            access_token: `new-${refresh_token}`,
+            refresh_token: `next-${refresh_token}`,
+            expires_in: 3600,
+          }),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      authorizations.push(request.headers.authorization);
+      await readRequestBody(request);
+      response.writeHead(200, { "content-type": "application/json" });
+      response.end("{}");
+    });
+    cleanups.push(upstream.close);
+    let imported = 0;
+    const fixture = await createFixture({
+      upstreamUrl: upstream.url,
+      source: "import",
+      options: {
+        now: () => now,
+        importCredentials: async () => {
+          imported += 1;
+          return importedCredentials({
+            accessToken: `access-${imported}`,
+            refreshToken: `refresh-${imported}`,
+            email: `account-${imported}@example.com`,
+            expiresAt: now + 10 * 60 * 1_000,
+          });
+        },
+        refreshUrl: `${upstream.url}/oauth/token`,
+      },
+    });
+    const second = accountSchema.parse(
+      await fixture.host.harness.behavior.callRpc("account.add", {
+        provider: "claude",
+        source: { kind: "import" },
+        label: "second",
+        priority: 200,
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(refreshes).toEqual([]);
+    now += 6 * 60 * 1_000;
+    const requests: Promise<Response>[] = [];
+    try {
+      requests.push(
+        fixture.host.harness.behavior.fetchHttp("POST", "/v1/messages", {
+          headers: authHeaders(fixture.key),
+          body: "{}",
+        }),
+      );
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(refreshes).toEqual(["refresh-1"]);
+      });
+      await fixture.host.harness.behavior.callRpc("account.setPriority", {
+        accountId: second.id,
+        priority: 0,
+      });
+      requests.push(
+        fixture.host.harness.behavior.fetchHttp("POST", "/v1/messages", {
+          headers: authHeaders(fixture.key),
+          body: "{}",
+        }),
+      );
+      await vi.waitFor(() => {
+        expect(authorizations).toEqual(["Bearer new-refresh-2"]);
+      });
+    } finally {
+      releaseFirstRefresh();
+      await Promise.allSettled(requests);
+    }
+    const responses = await Promise.all(requests);
+    expect(responses.map((response) => response.status)).toEqual([200, 200]);
+    await Promise.all(responses.map((response) => response.text()));
+    expect(refreshes).toEqual(["refresh-1", "refresh-2"]);
+    expect(authorizations).toEqual([
+      "Bearer new-refresh-2",
+      "Bearer new-refresh-1",
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it("marks refresh and upstream authorization failures as account errors", async () => {
     const upstream = await startUpstream((request, response) => {
       if (request.url === "/oauth/token") {