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528. 按权重随机选择

给定一个正整数数组 w ,其中 w[i] 代表下标 i 的权重(下标从 0 开始),请写一个函数 pickIndex ,它可以随机地获取下标 i,选取下标 i 的概率与 w[i] 成正比。

例如,对于 w = [1, 3],挑选下标 0 的概率为 1 / (1 + 3) = 0.25 (即,25%),而选取下标 1 的概率为 3 / (1 + 3) = 0.75(即,75%)。

也就是说,选取下标 i 的概率为 w[i] / sum(w)

示例 1:

输入:
["Solution","pickIndex"]
[[[1]],[]]
输出:
[null,0]
解释:
Solution solution = new Solution([1]);
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 0,因为数组中只有一个元素,所以唯一的选择是返回下标 0。

示例 2:

输入:
["Solution","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex"]
[[[1,3]],[],[],[],[],[]]
输出:
[null,1,1,1,1,0]
解释:
Solution solution = new Solution([1, 3]);
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1,返回下标 1,返回该下标概率为 3/4 。
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 1
solution.pickIndex(); // 返回 0,返回下标 0,返回该下标概率为 1/4 。

由于这是一个随机问题,允许多个答案,因此下列输出都可以被认为是正确的:
[null,1,1,1,1,0]
[null,1,1,1,1,1]
[null,1,1,1,0,0]
[null,1,1,1,0,1]
[null,1,0,1,0,0]
......
诸若此类。

提示:

  • 1 <= w.length <= 10000
  • 1 <= w[i] <= 10^5
  • pickIndex 将被调用不超过 10000

题解 (Rust)

1. 二分查找

use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};

struct Solution {
    prefix_sum: Vec<i32>,
}

/**
 * `&self` means the method takes an immutable reference.
 * If you need a mutable reference, change it to `&mut self` instead.
 */
impl Solution {
    fn new(mut w: Vec<i32>) -> Self {
        for i in 1..w.len() {
            w[i] += w[i - 1];
        }

        Self { prefix_sum: w }
    }

    fn pick_index(&self) -> i32 {
        let x = thread_rng().gen_range(1, self.prefix_sum.last().unwrap() + 1);

        match self.prefix_sum.binary_search(&x) {
            Ok(i) => i as i32,
            Err(i) => i as i32,
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * let obj = Solution::new(w);
 * let ret_1: i32 = obj.pick_index();
 */