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ADR-002: Why LearnToken is soulbound (non-transferable)

Status: Accepted Date: 2026-03-24

Context

LearnToken serves as a digital credential representing a student's progress and skill acquisition within the LearnVault ecosystem. If these tokens were tradable on secondary markets (DEXs), the correlation between token balance and actual knowledge would be severed.

Decision

We have implemented LearnToken (LTK) as a "Soulbound" token (SBT). The smart contract logic explicitly overrides the standard transfer functions to prevent movement between accounts.

Consequences

Positive

  • Proof of Merit: A user's balance is a verifiable history of their completed courses and milestones, which cannot be "bought."
  • Sybil Resistance: Discourages the creation of multiple accounts to farm tokens for profit, as the tokens have no market value.
  • Employer Trust: Partners can trust that a student holding 500 LTK actually completed the required curriculum.

Negative

  • Liquidity: Users cannot "cash out" their reputation, which might reduce short-term engagement for profit-seeking users.
  • Recovery Complexity: If a student loses access to their Stellar secret key, the tokens cannot be easily moved to a new wallet without administrative intervention (clawback).