diff --git a/tests/fixtures/type-identity/consumer.ts b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/consumer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4de05a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/consumer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import Priv from './priv';
+
+export function take(p: Priv): Priv {
+  return p;
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/type-identity/other.gts b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/other.gts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96368e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/other.gts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import Priv from './priv';
+
+export default class Other {
+  prop: Priv | null = null;
+  <template>{{this.prop}}</template>
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/type-identity/priv.gts b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/priv.gts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1782ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/priv.gts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+export default class Priv {
+  #secret = 1;
+  get val(): number {
+    return this.#secret;
+  }
+  <template>{{this.val}}</template>
+}
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/type-identity/tsconfig.json b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9d11a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/type-identity/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ESNext",
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "strict": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true
+  },
+  "include": ["**/*.ts", "**/*.gts"]
+}
diff --git a/tests/virtual-twin-type-identity.test.js b/tests/virtual-twin-type-identity.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32f092a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/virtual-twin-type-identity.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import path from 'node:path';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { parseForESLint } from '../src/parser/gjs-gts-parser.js';
+
+/**
+ * A project-mode program can hold one templated file under several paths:
+ * the `.gts` root, a `.ts` virtual created when another file resolves
+ * `import './x'` extensionless through the patched fileExists, and — on
+ * newer typescript-eslint/TypeScript versions — a `.mts` twin injected as a
+ * root via the patched readDirectory. If a copy keeps its own AST it gets
+ * its own class symbols, so a class with a private member is not assignable
+ * to itself across import paths — the source of the order-dependent false
+ * positives in typed rules reported in #229
+ * (`no-unnecessary-type-assertion`, `no-redundant-type-constituents`).
+ *
+ * syncMtsGtsSourceFiles must graft the real SourceFile onto EVERY virtual
+ * twin present (not just the first found), and must do so only once per
+ * program — re-grafting after later parses rewrites binder state under a
+ * live type checker.
+ *
+ * The suite runs under both `project` and `projectService`, the two ways
+ * typed linting obtains a program. projectService is feature-detected: its
+ * option spelling varies across typescript-eslint majors, and v7's
+ * experimental service can't hold `.gts` files in-project (the resulting
+ * default-project program has no virtual twins, leaving nothing to graft).
+ */
+
+const fixtureDir = path.join(import.meta.dirname, 'fixtures', 'type-identity');
+const privPath = path.join(fixtureDir, 'priv.gts');
+const otherPath = path.join(fixtureDir, 'other.gts');
+
+function parseWith(modeOptions, filePath) {
+  return parseForESLint(fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8'), {
+    filePath,
+    ...modeOptions,
+    tsconfigRootDir: fixtureDir,
+    extraFileExtensions: ['.gts', '.gjs'],
+    loc: true,
+    range: true,
+    tokens: true,
+    comment: true,
+    sourceType: 'module',
+  });
+}
+
+function virtualTwinsOf(program, gtsPath) {
+  return [
+    program.getSourceFile(gtsPath.replace(/\.gts$/, '.mts')),
+    program.getSourceFile(gtsPath.replace(/\.gts$/, '.ts')),
+  ].filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+const MODES = [['project', { project: './tsconfig.json' }]];
+
+for (const options of [{ projectService: true }, { EXPERIMENTAL_useProjectService: true }]) {
+  try {
+    const program = parseWith(options, privPath).services?.program;
+    if (program?.getSourceFile(privPath) && virtualTwinsOf(program, privPath).length > 0) {
+      MODES.push(['projectService', options]);
+      break;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // spelling unsupported by the installed @typescript-eslint/parser
+  }
+}
+
+for (const [modeName, modeOptions] of MODES) {
+  const parse = (filePath) => parseWith(modeOptions, filePath);
+
+  describe(`virtual twin type identity (#229) — ${modeName}`, () => {
+    it('grafts the real .gts SourceFile onto every virtual twin in the program', () => {
+      const result = parse(privPath);
+      const program = result.services.program;
+
+      const gts = program.getSourceFile(privPath);
+      expect(gts).toBeTruthy();
+
+      // consumer.ts imports './priv' extensionless, so at minimum the
+      // resolver-created .ts virtual exists; depending on the TS version a
+      // readDirectory-injected .mts twin exists as well.
+      const twins = virtualTwinsOf(program, privPath);
+      expect(twins.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+
+      for (const twin of twins) {
+        expect(twin.statements).toBe(gts.statements);
+        expect(twin.isVirtualGts).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('a private-member class has one type identity across import paths', () => {
+      const result = parse(privPath);
+      const program = result.services.program;
+      const checker = program.getTypeChecker();
+
+      const gts = program.getSourceFile(privPath);
+      const classOf = (sf) => sf.statements.find((s) => s.name?.escapedText === 'Priv');
+      const typeOf = (sf) =>
+        checker.getDeclaredTypeOfSymbol(checker.getSymbolAtLocation(classOf(sf).name));
+
+      const gtsType = typeOf(gts);
+      for (const twin of virtualTwinsOf(program, privPath)) {
+        const twinType = typeOf(twin);
+        // Identical, not merely mutually assignable: statements are shared,
+        // so both paths reach the same class declaration node.
+        expect(twinType).toBe(gtsType);
+        expect(checker.isTypeAssignableTo(gtsType, twinType)).toBe(true);
+        expect(checker.isTypeAssignableTo(twinType, gtsType)).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('does not re-graft an already-synced program on later parses', () => {
+      const first = parse(privPath);
+      const program = first.services.program;
+
+      const [twin] = virtualTwinsOf(program, privPath);
+      expect(twin).toBeTruthy();
+      // Bind, then plant a canary where the graft writes its marker flag. A
+      // re-graft on the next parse would overwrite it (and with it, live
+      // binder state such as symbol/locals — the #229 non-determinism vector).
+      program.getTypeChecker().getSymbolAtLocation(twin);
+      twin.isVirtualGts = 'already-synced-canary';
+
+      const second = parse(otherPath);
+      expect(second.services.program).toBe(program);
+      expect(twin.isVirtualGts).toBe('already-synced-canary');
+    });
+  });
+}