[release/10.0] Narrow Mono AOT typeload error cleanup (#129804)

Backport of #129748 to release/10.0

/cc @vitek-karas

## Customer Impact

- [x] Customer reported
- [ ] Found internally

Fixes #129613 

Without this fix, some customer apps fail to AOT compile on .NET 10 with
an assertion in `inline_method()` followed by `Failed to AOT compile ...
exited with code 134`. In the reported case this blocks publishing an
iOS app with Mono AOT, while the same scenario worked on .NET 8.

## Regression

- [x] Yes
- [ ] No

This is a regression between .NET 8 and .NET 9 introduced by
#91261.

## Testing

 - `./build.sh mono -os iossimulator -arch arm64 -c Release -rf mono`
- validated manually against the customer issue sample / reduced repro
by replaying the exact failing AOT compiler command and confirming the
fixed compiler succeeds where the regressed compiler asserts in
`inline_method()`
- added a direct Mono mini regression in `src/mono/mono/mini/iltests.il`
 - local regression validation:
   - `mono iltests.exe --run-only missing_field_then_inline`
   - `mono --aot=full,static iltests.exe`
 
## Risk

Low.

This is a targeted fix in Mono AOT compiler error handling plus a
focused regression test. The change modifies a path which always fails
to correctly handle the missing field reference and allow the
application to compile (the error is then reported at runtime when the
affected code path executes).

**IMPORTANT**: If this backport is for a servicing release, please
verify that:

- For .NET 8 and .NET 9: The PR target branch is `release/X.0-staging`,
not `release/X.0`.
- For .NET 10+: The PR target branch is `release/X.0` (no `-staging`
suffix).

## Package authoring no longer needed in .NET 9

**IMPORTANT**: Starting with .NET 9, you no longer need to edit a NuGet
package's csproj to enable building and bump the version.
Keep in mind that we still need package authoring in .NET 8 and older
versions.

---------

Co-authored-by: vitek-karas <10670590+vitek-karas@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

src/mono/mono/mini/iltests.il

@@ -3224,6 +3224,56 @@ L_3:
     IL_000c:  ret
   }
 
+  .class nested private auto ansi beforefieldinit MissingFieldCarrier`1<T>
+      extends [mscorlib]System.Object
+  {
+    .method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance default void .ctor () cil managed
+    {
+      .maxstack 8
+      ldarg.0
+      call instance void object::.ctor()
+      ret
+    }
+  }
+
+  // After lowering the missing-field access into a runtime throw, AOT must also
+  // consume the recoverable metadata error so the later accepted inline does not
+  // trip inline_method()'s cfg->error assert.
+  .method private hidebysig static void missing_field_then_inline<T> () cil managed
+  {
+    .maxstack 8
+    ldnull
+    ldfld !0 class Tests/MissingFieldCarrier`1<!!0>::missing
+    pop
+    ldc.i4.2
+    call int32 Tests::always_inline(int32)
+    pop
+    ret
+  }
+
+  .method public hidebysig static int32 test_0_missing_field_then_inline () cil managed
+  {
+    .maxstack 8
+    .locals init (int32 V_0)
+    .try
+    {
+      call void class Tests::missing_field_then_inline<string> ()
+      ldc.i4.1
+      stloc.0
+      leave.s IL_0011
+    }
+    catch [mscorlib]System.MissingFieldException
+    {
+      pop
+      ldc.i4.0
+      stloc.0
+      leave.s IL_0011
+    }
+
+    IL_0011: ldloc.0
+    ret
+  }
+
   .method public hidebysig static int32 test_104_conv_u_and_string() cil managed
   {
     .maxstack  8

src/mono/mono/mini/method-to-ir.c

@@ -10167,9 +10167,14 @@ mono_method_to_ir (MonoCompile *cfg, MonoMethod *method, MonoBasicBlock *start_b
 				if (!field || CLASS_HAS_FAILURE (klass)) {
 						HANDLE_TYPELOAD_ERROR (cfg, klass);
 
-						// Reached only in AOT. Cannot turn a token into a class. We silence the compilation error
-						// and generate a runtime exception.
-						if (cfg->error->error_code == MONO_ERROR_BAD_IMAGE)
+						/*
+						 * Reached only in AOT. After lowering the field resolution failure into a runtime
+						 * throw, consume the expected recoverable metadata errors as well. Memberref field
+						 * resolution can report MissingField/BadImage directly through cfg->error without
+						 * setting cfg->exception_type, and leaving one of those live lets an accepted inline
+						 * trip the inline_method () cfg->error assert later on.
+						 */
+						if (cfg->error->error_code == MONO_ERROR_BAD_IMAGE || cfg->error->error_code == MONO_ERROR_MISSING_FIELD)
 							clear_cfg_error (cfg);
 
 						// We need to push a dummy value onto the stack, respecting the intended type.