diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 4507d02..e871545 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     "mocha": "^2.5.3",
     "mocha-lcov-reporter": "^1.2.0",
     "mock-raf": "^1.0.0",
-    "sinon": "^1.17.4",
+    "sinon": "^9.0.2",
     "tslint": "^5.11.0",
     "typescript": "^3.0.1",
     "uglify-es": "^3.3.9"
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 2c31df9..67a2d93 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,37 @@
 # yarn lockfile v1
 
 
+"@sinonjs/commons@^1", "@sinonjs/commons@^1.6.0", "@sinonjs/commons@^1.7.0", "@sinonjs/commons@^1.7.2":
+  version "1.7.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@sinonjs/commons/-/commons-1.7.2.tgz#505f55c74e0272b43f6c52d81946bed7058fc0e2"
+  dependencies:
+    type-detect "4.0.8"
+
+"@sinonjs/fake-timers@^6.0.0", "@sinonjs/fake-timers@^6.0.1":
+  version "6.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@sinonjs/fake-timers/-/fake-timers-6.0.1.tgz#293674fccb3262ac782c7aadfdeca86b10c75c40"
+  dependencies:
+    "@sinonjs/commons" "^1.7.0"
+
+"@sinonjs/formatio@^5.0.1":
+  version "5.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@sinonjs/formatio/-/formatio-5.0.1.tgz#f13e713cb3313b1ab965901b01b0828ea6b77089"
+  dependencies:
+    "@sinonjs/commons" "^1"
+    "@sinonjs/samsam" "^5.0.2"
+
+"@sinonjs/samsam@^5.0.2", "@sinonjs/samsam@^5.0.3":
+  version "5.0.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@sinonjs/samsam/-/samsam-5.0.3.tgz#86f21bdb3d52480faf0892a480c9906aa5a52938"
+  dependencies:
+    "@sinonjs/commons" "^1.6.0"
+    lodash.get "^4.4.2"
+    type-detect "^4.0.8"
+
+"@sinonjs/text-encoding@^0.7.1":
+  version "0.7.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@sinonjs/text-encoding/-/text-encoding-0.7.1.tgz#8da5c6530915653f3a1f38fd5f101d8c3f8079c5"
+
 JSONStream@^1.0.3:
   version "1.3.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/JSONStream/-/JSONStream-1.3.3.tgz#27b4b8fbbfeab4e71bcf551e7f27be8d952239bf"
@@ -1101,6 +1132,10 @@ diff@^3.2.0:
   version "3.5.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/diff/-/diff-3.5.0.tgz#800c0dd1e0a8bfbc95835c202ad220fe317e5a12"
 
+diff@^4.0.2:
+  version "4.0.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/diff/-/diff-4.0.2.tgz#60f3aecb89d5fae520c11aa19efc2bb982aade7d"
+
 diffie-hellman@^5.0.0:
   version "5.0.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/diffie-hellman/-/diffie-hellman-5.0.3.tgz#40e8ee98f55a2149607146921c63e1ae5f3d2875"
@@ -1257,12 +1292,6 @@ form-data@~2.3.2:
     combined-stream "1.0.6"
     mime-types "^2.1.12"
 
-formatio@1.1.1:
-  version "1.1.1"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/formatio/-/formatio-1.1.1.tgz#5ed3ccd636551097383465d996199100e86161e9"
-  dependencies:
-    samsam "~1.1"
-
 fs.realpath@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/fs.realpath/-/fs.realpath-1.0.0.tgz#1504ad2523158caa40db4a2787cb01411994ea4f"
@@ -1371,6 +1400,10 @@ has-flag@^3.0.0:
   version "3.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/has-flag/-/has-flag-3.0.0.tgz#b5d454dc2199ae225699f3467e5a07f3b955bafd"
 
+has-flag@^4.0.0:
+  version "4.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/has-flag/-/has-flag-4.0.0.tgz#944771fd9c81c81265c4d6941860da06bb59479b"
+
 has@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/has/-/has-1.0.3.tgz#722d7cbfc1f6aa8241f16dd814e011e1f41e8796"
@@ -1531,6 +1564,10 @@ is-typedarray@~1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/is-typedarray/-/is-typedarray-1.0.0.tgz#e479c80858df0c1b11ddda6940f96011fcda4a9a"
 
+isarray@0.0.1:
+  version "0.0.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/isarray/-/isarray-0.0.1.tgz#8a18acfca9a8f4177e09abfc6038939b05d1eedf"
+
 isarray@^2.0.4:
   version "2.0.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/isarray/-/isarray-2.0.4.tgz#38e7bcbb0f3ba1b7933c86ba1894ddfc3781bbb7"
@@ -1681,6 +1718,10 @@ jsprim@^1.2.2:
     json-schema "0.2.3"
     verror "1.10.0"
 
+just-extend@^4.0.2:
+  version "4.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/just-extend/-/just-extend-4.1.0.tgz#7278a4027d889601640ee0ce0e5a00b992467da4"
+
 labeled-stream-splicer@^2.0.0:
   version "2.0.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/labeled-stream-splicer/-/labeled-stream-splicer-2.0.1.tgz#9cffa32fd99e1612fd1d86a8db962416d5292926"
@@ -1704,6 +1745,10 @@ levn@~0.3.0:
     prelude-ls "~1.1.2"
     type-check "~0.3.2"
 
+lodash.get@^4.4.2:
+  version "4.4.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash.get/-/lodash.get-4.4.2.tgz#2d177f652fa31e939b4438d5341499dfa3825e99"
+
 lodash.memoize@~3.0.3:
   version "3.0.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lodash.memoize/-/lodash.memoize-3.0.4.tgz#2dcbd2c287cbc0a55cc42328bd0c736150d53e3f"
@@ -1720,10 +1765,6 @@ log-driver@1.2.5:
   version "1.2.5"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/log-driver/-/log-driver-1.2.5.tgz#7ae4ec257302fd790d557cb10c97100d857b0056"
 
-lolex@1.3.2:
-  version "1.3.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lolex/-/lolex-1.3.2.tgz#7c3da62ffcb30f0f5a80a2566ca24e45d8a01f31"
-
 loose-envify@^1.0.0:
   version "1.4.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loose-envify/-/loose-envify-1.4.0.tgz#71ee51fa7be4caec1a63839f7e682d8132d30caf"
@@ -1858,6 +1899,16 @@ neo-async@^2.6.0:
   version "2.6.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/neo-async/-/neo-async-2.6.1.tgz#ac27ada66167fa8849a6addd837f6b189ad2081c"
 
+nise@^4.0.1:
+  version "4.0.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/nise/-/nise-4.0.3.tgz#9f79ff02fa002ed5ffbc538ad58518fa011dc913"
+  dependencies:
+    "@sinonjs/commons" "^1.7.0"
+    "@sinonjs/fake-timers" "^6.0.0"
+    "@sinonjs/text-encoding" "^0.7.1"
+    just-extend "^4.0.2"
+    path-to-regexp "^1.7.0"
+
 nopt@3.x:
   version "3.0.6"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/nopt/-/nopt-3.0.6.tgz#c6465dbf08abcd4db359317f79ac68a646b28ff9"
@@ -1960,6 +2011,12 @@ path-platform@~0.11.15:
   version "0.11.15"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/path-platform/-/path-platform-0.11.15.tgz#e864217f74c36850f0852b78dc7bf7d4a5721bf2"
 
+path-to-regexp@^1.7.0:
+  version "1.8.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/path-to-regexp/-/path-to-regexp-1.8.0.tgz#887b3ba9d84393e87a0a0b9f4cb756198b53548a"
+  dependencies:
+    isarray "0.0.1"
+
 pbkdf2@^3.0.3:
   version "3.0.16"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pbkdf2/-/pbkdf2-3.0.16.tgz#7404208ec6b01b62d85bf83853a8064f8d9c2a5c"
@@ -2206,14 +2263,6 @@ safer-buffer@^2.0.2, safer-buffer@^2.1.0, safer-buffer@~2.1.0:
   version "2.1.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz#44fa161b0187b9549dd84bb91802f9bd8385cd6a"
 
-samsam@1.1.2:
-  version "1.1.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/samsam/-/samsam-1.1.2.tgz#bec11fdc83a9fda063401210e40176c3024d1567"
-
-samsam@~1.1:
-  version "1.1.3"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/samsam/-/samsam-1.1.3.tgz#9f5087419b4d091f232571e7fa52e90b0f552621"
-
 sax@^1.2.4:
   version "1.2.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sax/-/sax-1.2.4.tgz#2816234e2378bddc4e5354fab5caa895df7100d9"
@@ -2253,14 +2302,17 @@ simple-concat@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/simple-concat/-/simple-concat-1.0.0.tgz#7344cbb8b6e26fb27d66b2fc86f9f6d5997521c6"
 
-sinon@^1.17.4:
-  version "1.17.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sinon/-/sinon-1.17.7.tgz#4542a4f49ba0c45c05eb2e9dd9d203e2b8efe0bf"
+sinon@^9.0.2:
+  version "9.0.2"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/sinon/-/sinon-9.0.2.tgz#b9017e24633f4b1c98dfb6e784a5f0509f5fd85d"
   dependencies:
-    formatio "1.1.1"
-    lolex "1.3.2"
-    samsam "1.1.2"
-    util ">=0.10.3 <1"
+    "@sinonjs/commons" "^1.7.2"
+    "@sinonjs/fake-timers" "^6.0.1"
+    "@sinonjs/formatio" "^5.0.1"
+    "@sinonjs/samsam" "^5.0.3"
+    diff "^4.0.2"
+    nise "^4.0.1"
+    supports-color "^7.1.0"
 
 slash@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
@@ -2388,6 +2440,12 @@ supports-color@^5.3.0:
   dependencies:
     has-flag "^3.0.0"
 
+supports-color@^7.1.0:
+  version "7.1.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/supports-color/-/supports-color-7.1.0.tgz#68e32591df73e25ad1c4b49108a2ec507962bfd1"
+  dependencies:
+    has-flag "^4.0.0"
+
 symbol-tree@^3.2.2:
   version "3.2.2"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/symbol-tree/-/symbol-tree-3.2.2.tgz#ae27db38f660a7ae2e1c3b7d1bc290819b8519e6"
@@ -2505,6 +2563,10 @@ type-detect@0.1.1:
   version "0.1.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/type-detect/-/type-detect-0.1.1.tgz#0ba5ec2a885640e470ea4e8505971900dac58822"
 
+type-detect@4.0.8, type-detect@^4.0.8:
+  version "4.0.8"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/type-detect/-/type-detect-4.0.8.tgz#7646fb5f18871cfbb7749e69bd39a6388eb7450c"
+
 type-detect@^1.0.0:
   version "1.0.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/type-detect/-/type-detect-1.0.0.tgz#762217cc06db258ec48908a1298e8b95121e8ea2"
@@ -2561,12 +2623,6 @@ util@0.10.3:
   dependencies:
     inherits "2.0.1"
 
-"util@>=0.10.3 <1":
-  version "0.11.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/util/-/util-0.11.0.tgz#c5f391beb244103d799b21077a926fef8769e1fb"
-  dependencies:
-    inherits "2.0.3"
-
 util@~0.10.1:
   version "0.10.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/util/-/util-0.10.4.tgz#3aa0125bfe668a4672de58857d3ace27ecb76901"