[parser/spec] initializerExpression inconsistency between the spec and implementation: the spec does not support some constructs supported by the implementation.

[modulovalue]

@eernst wrote in #51482 (comment)

(Actually, looking at this, I believe initializerExpression should include throw and assignment expressions; but I've never seen any failures because they aren't currently included).

Here's one failure:

sdk/pkg/_fe_analyzer_shared/test/flow_analysis/type_promotion/data/promotion_in_dead_code.dart

Lines 50 to 61 in 408e486

	class AssertAlwaysThrows_Constructor {
	Object a;
	Object b;
	AssertAlwaysThrows_Constructor(
	Object o, Object p, bool Function(Object, Object) f)
	: a = o is int ? true : throw 'x',
	b = throw 'x',
	assert(f(o = p, throw 'x')) {
	/*int*/ o;
	}
	}

The spec does not appear to support throw expressions in constructor initializer expressions.

Throw expressions are supported by the implementation (actually, throwExpressionWithoutCascade), but not by the spec:

class Foo {
  int i = 0;
  Foo(int j) : i = throw 0;
}

 === Analyzer ===
Scan errors: 0
Parse errors: 0
<CompilationUnitImpl> [0-55]
┗━ <ClassDeclarationImpl> [0-54]
  ┣━ 'class' [0-5]
  ┣━ 'Foo' [6-9]
  ┣━ '{' [10-11]
  ┣━ <FieldDeclarationImpl> [14-24]
  ┃  ┣━ <VariableDeclarationListImpl> [14-23]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <NamedTypeImpl> [14-17]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'int' [14-17]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <VariableDeclarationImpl> [18-23]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ 'i' [18-19]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ '=' [20-21]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <IntegerLiteralImpl> [22-23]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ '0' [22-23]
  ┃  ┗━ ';' [23-24]
  ┣━ <ConstructorDeclarationImpl> [27-52]
  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [27-30]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'Foo' [27-30]
  ┃  ┣━ <FormalParameterListImpl> [30-37]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '(' [30-31]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleFormalParameterImpl> [31-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <NamedTypeImpl> [31-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'int' [31-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'j' [35-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ ')' [36-37]
  ┃  ┣━ ':' [38-39]
  ┃  ┣━ <ConstructorFieldInitializerImpl> [40-51]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [40-41]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'i' [40-41]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '=' [42-43]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <ThrowExpressionImpl> [44-51]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ 'throw' [44-49]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <IntegerLiteralImpl> [50-51]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ '0' [50-51]
  ┃  ┗━ <EmptyFunctionBodyImpl> [51-52]
  ┃    ┗━ ';' [51-52]
  ┗━ '}' [53-54]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 === ANTLR ===
Errors of type 1: [[@16,44:48='throw',<78>,3:19] Bad state: , [@16,44:48='throw',<78>,3:19] Bad state: , [@13,38:38=':',<12>,3:13] Bad state: , [@12,36:36=')',<7>,3:11] Bad state: , [@12,36:36=')',<7>,3:11] Bad state: , [@15,42:42='=',<2>,3:17] Bad state: , [@15,42:42='=',<2>,3:17] Bad state: ]
Errors of type 2: []
<startSymbol>
┗━ <libraryDefinition>
  ┣━ <metadata>
  ┣━ <topLevelDefinition>
  ┃  ┗━ <classDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <classModifiers>
  ┃    ┣━ 'class'
  ┃    ┣━ <typeWithParameters>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃    ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┣━ '{'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ <declaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┣━ <varOrType>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <type>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <typeNotFunction>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃      ┗━ <typeNotVoidNotFunction>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃        ┗━ <typeName>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃          ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃            ┗━ 'int'
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┗━ <initializedIdentifierList>
  ┃    ┃  ┃    ┗━ <initializedIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┣━ <identifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┃  ┗━ 'i'
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┣━ '='
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┗━ <expression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┗━ <conditionalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┗━ <ifNullExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃            ┗━ <logicalOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃              ┗━ <logicalAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                ┗━ <equalityExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                  ┗━ <relationalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                    ┗━ <bitwiseOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                      ┗━ <bitwiseXorExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                        ┗━ <bitwiseAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                          ┗━ <shiftExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                            ┗━ <additiveExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                              ┗━ <multiplicativeExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                ┗━ <unaryExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                  ┗━ <postfixExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                    ┗━ <primary>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                      ┗━ <literal>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                        ┗━ <numericLiteral>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                          ┗━ '0'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ '('
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'int'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'j'
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ ')'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ':'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'i'
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ '='
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'throw'
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ '0'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┗━ '}'
  ┗━ '<EOF>'

Assignment expressions are also supported by the implementation (it even supports cascades), but not by the spec:

class Foo {
  int i = 0;
  Foo(int j) : i = j *= 0;
}

 === Analyzer ===
Scan errors: 0
Parse errors: 0
<CompilationUnitImpl> [0-54]
┗━ <ClassDeclarationImpl> [0-53]
  ┣━ 'class' [0-5]
  ┣━ 'Foo' [6-9]
  ┣━ '{' [10-11]
  ┣━ <FieldDeclarationImpl> [14-24]
  ┃  ┣━ <VariableDeclarationListImpl> [14-23]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <NamedTypeImpl> [14-17]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'int' [14-17]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <VariableDeclarationImpl> [18-23]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ 'i' [18-19]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ '=' [20-21]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <IntegerLiteralImpl> [22-23]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ '0' [22-23]
  ┃  ┗━ ';' [23-24]
  ┣━ <ConstructorDeclarationImpl> [27-51]
  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [27-30]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'Foo' [27-30]
  ┃  ┣━ <FormalParameterListImpl> [30-37]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '(' [30-31]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleFormalParameterImpl> [31-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <NamedTypeImpl> [31-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'int' [31-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'j' [35-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ ')' [36-37]
  ┃  ┣━ ':' [38-39]
  ┃  ┣━ <ConstructorFieldInitializerImpl> [40-50]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [40-41]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'i' [40-41]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '=' [42-43]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <AssignmentExpressionImpl> [44-50]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [44-45]
  ┃  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'j' [44-45]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ '*=' [46-48]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <IntegerLiteralImpl> [49-50]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ '0' [49-50]
  ┃  ┗━ <EmptyFunctionBodyImpl> [50-51]
  ┃    ┗━ ';' [50-51]
  ┗━ '}' [52-53]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 === ANTLR ===
Errors of type 1: [[@17,46:47='*=',<22>,3:21] Bad state: , [@17,46:47='*=',<22>,3:21] Bad state: , [@13,38:38=':',<12>,3:13] Bad state: , [@12,36:36=')',<7>,3:11] Bad state: , [@12,36:36=')',<7>,3:11] Bad state: , [@15,42:42='=',<2>,3:17] Bad state: , [@15,42:42='=',<2>,3:17] Bad state: , [@17,46:47='*=',<22>,3:21] Bad state: , [@17,46:47='*=',<22>,3:21] Bad state: ]
Errors of type 2: []
<startSymbol>
┗━ <libraryDefinition>
  ┣━ <metadata>
  ┣━ <topLevelDefinition>
  ┃  ┗━ <classDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <classModifiers>
  ┃    ┣━ 'class'
  ┃    ┣━ <typeWithParameters>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃    ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┣━ '{'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ <declaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┣━ <varOrType>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <type>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <typeNotFunction>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃      ┗━ <typeNotVoidNotFunction>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃        ┗━ <typeName>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃          ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃            ┗━ 'int'
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┗━ <initializedIdentifierList>
  ┃    ┃  ┃    ┗━ <initializedIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┣━ <identifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┃  ┗━ 'i'
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┣━ '='
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┗━ <expression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┗━ <conditionalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┗━ <ifNullExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃            ┗━ <logicalOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃              ┗━ <logicalAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                ┗━ <equalityExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                  ┗━ <relationalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                    ┗━ <bitwiseOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                      ┗━ <bitwiseXorExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                        ┗━ <bitwiseAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                          ┗━ <shiftExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                            ┗━ <additiveExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                              ┗━ <multiplicativeExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                ┗━ <unaryExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                  ┗━ <postfixExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                    ┗━ <primary>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                      ┗━ <literal>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                        ┗━ <numericLiteral>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                          ┗━ '0'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ '('
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'int'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'j'
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ ')'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ':'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'i'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ '='
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ 'j'
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ '*='
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ '0'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┗━ '}'
  ┗━ '<EOF>'

---

The spec also supports some expressions that the implementation does not support, see #11509 for that.

[eernstg]

This is something that we should just fix by changing the specification. https://dart-review.googlesource.com/340620 updates Dart.g.

[modulovalue]

@eernstg The implementation does not support cascades with throw expressions in constructor initializer expressions.

class Foo {
  final a;
  Foo() : throw 0..id;
}

 === Analyzer ===
Scan errors: 0
Parse errors: 6
file(44..45): A function body must be provided.
file(44..45): Operator declarations must be preceded by the keyword 'operator'.
file(44..45): The string '..' isn't a user-definable operator.
file(44..45): Methods must have an explicit list of parameters.
file(46..47): A function body must be provided.
file(46..47): Variables must be declared using the keywords 'const', 'final', 'var' or a type name.
<CompilationUnitImpl> [0-52]
┗━ <ClassDeclarationImpl> [0-51]
  ┣━ 'class' [0-5]
  ┣━ 'Foo' [6-9]
  ┣━ '{' [10-11]
  ┣━ <FieldDeclarationImpl> [14-22]
  ┃  ┣━ <VariableDeclarationListImpl> [14-21]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ 'final' [14-19]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <VariableDeclarationImpl> [20-21]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ 'a' [20-21]
  ┃  ┗━ ';' [21-22]
  ┣━ <ConstructorDeclarationImpl> [25-44]
  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [25-28]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'Foo' [25-28]
  ┃  ┣━ <FormalParameterListImpl> [28-30]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '(' [28-29]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ ')' [29-30]
  ┃  ┣━ ':' [31-32]
  ┃  ┣━ <ConstructorFieldInitializerImpl> [33-44]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [33-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'a' [33-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '=' [35-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <ThrowExpressionImpl> [37-44]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ 'throw' [37-42]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <IntegerLiteralImpl> [43-44]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ '0' [43-44]
  ┃  ┗━ <BlockFunctionBodyImpl> [44-44]
  ┃    ┗━ <BlockImpl> [44-44]
  ┃      ┣━ '{' [44-44]
  ┃      ┗━ '}' [44-44]
  ┣━ <MethodDeclarationImpl> [44-46]
  ┃  ┣━ 'operator' [44-44]
  ┃  ┣━ '..' [44-46]
  ┃  ┣━ <FormalParameterListImpl> [46-46]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '(' [46-46]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ ')' [46-46]
  ┃  ┗━ <BlockFunctionBodyImpl> [46-46]
  ┃    ┗━ <BlockImpl> [46-46]
  ┃      ┣━ '{' [46-46]
  ┃      ┗━ '}' [46-46]
  ┣━ <FieldDeclarationImpl> [46-49]
  ┃  ┣━ <VariableDeclarationListImpl> [46-48]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <VariableDeclarationImpl> [46-48]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ 'id' [46-48]
  ┃  ┗━ ';' [48-49]
  ┗━ '}' [50-51]

[modulovalue]

@eernstg The proposed changes also add support for, e.g.:

class Foo {
  final a;
  Foo() : a = a = () {};
}

Which is rejected by the implementation:

 === Analyzer ===
Scan errors: 0
Parse errors: 1
file(46..46): Expected a class member.
<CompilationUnitImpl> [0-50]
┗━ <ClassDeclarationImpl> [0-49]
  ┣━ 'class' [0-5]
  ┣━ 'Foo' [6-9]
  ┣━ '{' [10-11]
  ┣━ <FieldDeclarationImpl> [14-22]
  ┃  ┣━ <VariableDeclarationListImpl> [14-21]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ 'final' [14-19]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <VariableDeclarationImpl> [20-21]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ 'a' [20-21]
  ┃  ┗━ ';' [21-22]
  ┣━ <ConstructorDeclarationImpl> [25-46]
  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [25-28]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'Foo' [25-28]
  ┃  ┣━ <FormalParameterListImpl> [28-30]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '(' [28-29]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ ')' [29-30]
  ┃  ┣━ ':' [31-32]
  ┃  ┣━ <ConstructorFieldInitializerImpl> [33-43]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [33-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ 'a' [33-34]
  ┃  ┃  ┣━ '=' [35-36]
  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <AssignmentExpressionImpl> [37-43]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ <SimpleIdentifierImpl> [37-38]
  ┃  ┃    ┃  ┗━ 'a' [37-38]
  ┃  ┃    ┣━ '=' [39-40]
  ┃  ┃    ┗━ <RecordLiteralImpl> [41-43]
  ┃  ┃      ┣━ '(' [41-42]
  ┃  ┃      ┗━ ')' [42-43]
  ┃  ┗━ <BlockFunctionBodyImpl> [44-46]
  ┃    ┗━ <BlockImpl> [44-46]
  ┃      ┣━ '{' [44-45]
  ┃      ┗━ '}' [45-46]
  ┗━ '}' [48-49]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 === ANTLR ===
Errors of type 1: []
Errors of type 2: []
<startSymbol>
┗━ <libraryDefinition>
  ┣━ <metadata>
  ┣━ <topLevelDefinition>
  ┃  ┗━ <classDeclaration>
  ┃    ┣━ <classModifiers>
  ┃    ┣━ 'class'
  ┃    ┣━ <typeWithParameters>
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃    ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┣━ '{'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ <declaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┣━ 'final'
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┗━ <initializedIdentifierList>
  ┃    ┃  ┃    ┗━ <initializedIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┗━ <identifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┗━ 'a'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┣━ <metadata>
  ┃    ┣━ <classMemberDeclaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┣━ <declaration>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┣━ <constructorSignature>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┣━ <constructorName>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <typeIdentifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┃    ┗━ 'Foo'
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃  ┗━ <formalParameterList>
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃    ┣━ '('
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┃    ┗━ ')'
  ┃    ┃  ┃  ┗━ <initializers>
  ┃    ┃  ┃    ┣━ ':'
  ┃    ┃  ┃    ┗━ <initializerListEntry>
  ┃    ┃  ┃      ┗━ <fieldInitializer>
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┣━ <identifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┃  ┗━ 'a'
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┣━ '='
  ┃    ┃  ┃        ┗━ <initializerExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┣━ <assignableExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┃  ┗━ <identifier>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┃    ┗━ 'a'
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┣━ <assignmentOperator>
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┃  ┗━ '='
  ┃    ┃  ┃          ┗━ <expression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃            ┗━ <conditionalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃              ┗━ <ifNullExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                ┗━ <logicalOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                  ┗━ <logicalAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                    ┗━ <equalityExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                      ┗━ <relationalExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                        ┗━ <bitwiseOrExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                          ┗━ <bitwiseXorExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                            ┗━ <bitwiseAndExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                              ┗━ <shiftExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                ┗━ <additiveExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                  ┗━ <multiplicativeExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                    ┗━ <unaryExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                      ┗━ <postfixExpression>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                        ┗━ <primary>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                          ┗━ <functionPrimary>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                            ┣━ <formalParameterPart>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                            ┃  ┗━ <formalParameterList>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                            ┃    ┣━ '('
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                            ┃    ┗━ ')'
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                            ┗━ <functionPrimaryBody>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                              ┗━ <block>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                                ┣━ '{'
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                                ┣━ <statements>
  ┃    ┃  ┃                                                ┗━ '}'
  ┃    ┃  ┗━ ';'
  ┃    ┗━ '}'
  ┗━ '<EOF>'

[eernstg]

The cascade issue is the topic of #54284.

[eernstg]

About this one:

class Foo {
  final a;
  Foo() : a = a = () {};
}

The proposed specification in dart-lang/language#3503 clearly needs to be refined.

I'm asking for further information about how the parser actually works in #54284. When this has been clarified we should be in a better position to find a way to (1) write down what it does, and/or (2) ask for adjustments of the implemented behavior (in case it's not what we want).